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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo measurement of cadmium (115mCd) transport and accumulation in the stems of intact tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.) (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Cation exchange ; Repartition ; Tomato ; Xylem transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Semiconductor radiation detectors have been used to study in vivo the long-distance transport and accumulation of cadmium (115mCd) in the stems of tomato plants. Long-distance transport proceeds at a speed of 0.35–0.60 m h-1. The shape of the accumulation curve is characterized by a shoulder after about 6 h. This corresponds to the saturation of the xylem tissue. The effects of changes in the nutritional pattern have been considered as well. The cadmium content in the stem sharply decreases after a transfer of the plant to a nonlabeled solution of high ionic strength, whereas it tends to stabilize after a shift to a low ionic strength medium. These observations are explained by exchange processes between cadmium and other divalent cations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391170
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo measurement of cadmium (115mCd) transport and accumulation in the stems of intact tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.) (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Cation exchange ; Lateral distribution ; Stem-tissue ; Tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The internal distribution processes of cadmium (115mCd) in the stems of tomato plants have been investigated using in vivo β-spectrometric measurements with semiconductor detectors. The initial penetration into the xylem after root uptake and the subsequent lateral redistribution in the surrounding tissues were monitored continuously in each individual plant. The kinetics of the lateral migration toward the epidermis can be described by a diffusion process, characterized by an apparent diffusion coefficient of about 10-8 cm2 s-1. After two days of cadmium supply this heavy metal is accumulated in relatively large amounts in the epidermal and cortical layers, from which it can be released only very slowly. On the contrary, the exchange processes with other divalent cations cause in the xylem a quick release, its rate being dependent on the duration of the preceding cadmium treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391171
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diurnal changes in the flux of calcium toward meristems and transpiring leaves in tomato and maize plants (1981)
    Springer
    Planta 151 (1981), S. 265-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Calcium ; Cation exchange ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Rhythm ; diurnal Transport (calcium) ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Moneymaker) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. spec.) plants were supplied with 45Ca-labeled nutrient solutions for a period of 8 or 16 h in the dark, in the light, or in a light-dark régime. Plant parts were analyzed for 45Ca content. The partitioning of 45Ca between mature leaves and meristems was shown to be affected by the presence of light. The transport of 45Ca to meristems was higher in a dark period than in a comparable light period. Experiments with excised tomato shoots yielded similar distribution patterns of 45Ca over leaves and meristems, thus excluding root pressure as the main driving force for the enhanced import of 45Ca into the meristems in the dark. Results are discussed in terms of cation-exchange transport and competition between the various calcium sinks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395179
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobility and ionic form of silver as related to longevity of cut carnations (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Dianthus ; Flower longevity ; Ion mobility ; Silver (ionic forms)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mobility of different ionic forms of silver (110mAg) has been studied using semiconductor radiation detectors. Silver, applied as silvernitrate (2mM), moves upward in the stems of cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) at about 3 cm day-1. This transport has the characteristics of a chromatographic exchange transport, but is not promoted by the addition of other cations (K+ or Ca2+). The silverthiosulphate anionic complex is transported at the same speed as [32P]phosphate (about 2 m h-1); orders of magnitude faster than Ag+. The antiethylene action of silver is preserved in this complex, as shown by a significant improvement of the longevity of carnation flowers in the presence or absence of ethephon, even after a short treatment with the silverthiosulphate complex. Analysis of the silver content of different flower parts after a silverthiosulphate treatment shows a distinct accumulation in the receptacle, possibly associated with the antiethylene action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389386
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implications of increased carbon dioxide levels for carbon input and turnover in soils (1993)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 104-105 (1993), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Carbon storage ; Climate change ; Mineralisation ; Nitrogen cycle ; Rhizosphere ; Soil organic matter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The complexity of the plant-soil system in its interaction with the changing climate is discussed. It is shown that processes at the level of organic matter inputs into the soil and the fluxes and pools involved in the global cycle are not known in sufficient detail to allow an estimation of the future quantitative shifts. Even the direction in which the level of stored carbon in the soil organic matter pool will develop is not clear. The importance of the nitrogen cycle, which is intimately coupled to the carbon cycle through the turnover of soil organic matter is underlined. In its turn, the mineralisation of soil organic matter takes place at a rate which is highly dependent on the nature of inputs and the availability of mineral nutrients. Aspects of shifts in temperature, changes in cultivation practices (reduced tillage) and unintended spreading of inputs in chemical N-fertilizers are of great importance at a regional and global scale. The complexity of the interactions in the process of mineralisation do require further studies to clarify the point whether a substantial and durable additional storage of carbon in soil organic matter is likely, or that shifts in temperature will cause an overriding acceleration of the mineralisation, and trigger a corresponding net release of carbon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048159
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ immobilization of heavy metals with tetraethylenepentamine (tetren) in natural soils and its effect on toxicity and plant growth (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cation exchange ; Copper ; Copper complex ; Copper-64 ; Corn ; Cyperus papyrus ; Papyrus ; Tetraethylenepentamine ; Tetren ; Transport ; Xylem ; Zea mays L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The consequences of complex formation with tetren (tetraethylenepentamine) for the uptake and mobility of copper in the plant is studied. Short term supply of double labelled Cu-tetren (64Cu,14C-tetren) in nutrient solution to corn plants (Zea mays L., cv. spec.) indicates a stoichiometric uptake of the 1-1 complex. This is reflected in the increased shoot/root ratio of the64Cu-content (two orders of magnitude) resulting from an enhanced mobility of the complexed Cu in the plant. Increasing Cu-concentrations reduce the uptake of tetren, and an interaction between the uptake of tetren and Cu-tetren is demonstrated. The changed mobility of the64Cu-tetren complex is shown in more detail using cut shoots of papyrus plants (Cyperus papyrus L. cv. spec.) andin vivo detection of the64Cu radiation during transport. Results are discussed in terms of the effect of complex formation on the cation exchange process during xylem transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374750
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Wageningen Rhizolab — a facility to study soil-root-shoot-atmosphere interactions in crops (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 161 (1994), S. 275-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: crop growth ; gas exchange ; minirhizotrons ; nutrients ; photosynthesis ; respiration ; rhizotron ; root observation ; root growth ; water balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A research facility is described for the integrated study of soil-root-shoot-atmosphere relationships in crops. The Wageningen Rhizolab has been in use since 1990, and consists of two rows, each with eight below-ground compartments aligned along a corridor. A rain shelter automatically covers the experimental area at the start of rainfall. Compartments are 125 cm × 125 cm and 200 cm deep. Each compartment has a separate drip irrigation system. Crop canopy photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration can be measured simultaneously and continuously on four out of eight compartments at a time. Each compartment can be filled with a selected soil material (repacked soil) and is accessible from the corridor over its full depth. Multiple sensors for measuring soil moisture status, electrical conductivity, temperature, soil respiration, trace gases and oxygen are installed in spatial patterns in accordance with the requirements of the experiments. Sensors are connected to control and data-acquisition devices. Likewise, provisions have been made to sample manually the soil solution and soil atmosphere. Root observation tubes (minirhizotrons) are installed horizontally at depth intervals ranging from 5 cm (upper soil layers) to 25 cm (below 1 m). The facility is at present in use to study growth and development of vegetation (crops) in relation to drought, nutrient status, soil-borne diseases, and underground root competition. One important application is the study of elevated CO2 concentration and climate change and the way they affect crops and their carbon economy. Growth and development of field grown vegetables and winter cover crops are also evaluated. The common aspect of those studies is to gain a better understanding of crop growth under varying environmental conditions, and to collect datasets that may help to improve mechanistic crop growth simulation models that can address suboptimal growth conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046399
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Net nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and CO2 production in alternating moisture conditions in an unfertilized low-humus sandy soil from the Sahel (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 113 (1989), S. 69-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: immobilization ; mineralization ; nitrification ; osmoregulation ; semi-arid region
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In this study the rates of net mineralization, net immobilization and net nitrification have been quantified under laboratory conditions in a sandy low-humus soil from a semi-arid region, in absence of plant growth. Incubation experiments were carried out under constant humidity and under alternating wet and dry conditions to simulate field conditions during the rainy season. The ammonium and nitrate content of the incubates were determined and their CO2 production measured. The rate of net mineralization at field capacity was 0.6 kg N ha−1d−1 during the first 40 days and decreased to 0.06 kg N ha−1d−1 after 400 days. This rate was twice as high on wet days under alternating wet and dry conditions. The rate of net nitrification during alternating wet and dry conditions was also higher (1.9 kg N ha−1d−1) than at constant field capacity (1.3 kg N ha−1d−1) until the ammonium was almost completely depleted. These rates of net mineralization and net nitrification are in agreement with field observations. Net immobilization did not occur in the experiments, unless glucose was added to the soil. The data on CO2 production and net mineralization showed that the C/N ratio of the degraded material was around 9 or below. It is much lower than the ratio of total carbon over total nitrogen in the soil. This indicates that microorganisms and compounds high in nitrogen were mineralized. Certainly after about 30 days the only growth taking place is based on turnover of material of the microbial biomass itself. A decrease in the amount of inorganic nitrogen was observed upon drying of the soil, while it returned to the original content after rewetting. It is postulated that this might be due to temporary uptake of nitrogen in an inorganic form in microorganisms as part of their osmoregulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181923
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, root respiration and phosphorus utilization of normal andAgrobacterium rhizogenes transformed potato plants (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 111 (1988), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; genetic transformation ; phosphorus utilization ; potato ; relative growth rate ; root respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02139954
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant- and soil related controls of the flow of carbon from roots through the soil microbial biomass (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 115 (1989), S. 179-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: microbial biomass ; organic matter decomposition ; rhizosphere ; root material production ; soil nutrient status ; soil structure and texture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The flow of carbon from plant roots through the microbial biomass is one of the key processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Roots release considerable amounts of organic materials which are utilized by microbes as substrate for biosynthesis and energy supply. The fate of photosynthates and other organic material in the soil-root environment under different conditions was studied using14C-tracers. Soil structure and texture had a large effect on the turnover of the14C-labelled materials through the microbial biomas. Finer, clayey soils tended to be more ‘preservative’ than coarser, sandy soils,i.e., larger amounts of14C were incorporated in microbial biomass and soil organic matter fractions in clayey soils than in sandy soils. The soil nutrient status also appeared to affect organic matter turnover. At limiting plant-nutrient concentrations the utilization of14C-labelled photosynthates seem to be hampered. Plant roots influenced the transformation of glucose and crop residues and the effect was attributed to plant-induced changes in mineral nutrient status. The mechanisms of this process and the consequences are discussed. A number of areas for future research are identified, including the potentials for manipulating rhizodeposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02202586
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