ALBERT

Notes: Solution-based inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to examine the effects of exposure time to ethanol (0, 1, 3, 9, 27 and 81 days) and ethanol quality (ACS-v. HPLC-grade) on strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) concentrations in sagittal otoliths of hatchery-raised and wild-caught young-of-the-year walleye Stizostedion vitreum. No effect of either attribute on Sr and Ba concentrations were detected, indicating that metabolically inert elements that replace calcium in the calcium carbonate matrix (e.g. Sr and Ba) are not influenced by storage in 95% ethanol.

Notes: Abstract  Dreissena polymorpha is an exotic freshwater bivalve species which was introduced into the Great Lakes system in the fall of 1985 through the release of ballast water from European freighters. Utilizing individual growth rings of the shells, the stable isotope distribution (δ18O and δ13C) was determined for the life history of selected samples which were collected from the western basin of Lake Erie. These bivalves deposit their shell in near equilibrium with the ambient water and thus reflect any annual variation of the system in the isotopic records held within their shells. Observed values for δ18O range from -6.64 to –9.46‰ with an average value of –7.69‰ PDB, while carbon values ranged from –0.80 to –4.67‰ with an average value of –1.76‰ PDB. Dreissena polymorpha shells incorporate metals into their shells during growth. Individual shell growth increments were analyzed for Pb, Fe, Mg, Mn, Cd, Cu, and V concentrations. The shells show increased uptake of certain metals during periods of isotopic enrichment which correspond with warmer water temperatures. Since metals are incorporated into the shells, the organism may be useful as a biomonitor of metal pollution within aquatic environments.

Notes: Abstract Anomalous enrichments of Zr (〉500 ppm), Zn (〉 100 ppm), Nb (〉25 ppm), Y (〉60 ppm), Th (〉20 pm), U (〉 5 ppm), LREE (〉230 ppm) and HREE (〉35ppm), and high Rb/Sr (〉5) characterize peralkaline granites, in contrast to their peraluminous and calc-alkaline equivalents. Within the peralkaline suite, comenditic and pantelleritic volcanics exhibit two- to five-fold increases in the concentrations of these trace elements over comagmatic granites. These cannot be explained by crystal- liquid fractionation processes, and require the evolution of a sodium-enriched fluid. Corresponding trace element increases in the granites in areas of alkali metasomatism support this argument, and reflect the partial confinement of this volatile phase within the high-level magma chambers. REE studies in particular might eventually allow an evaluation of the role of Cl− versus F− and CO3-complexing in the evolution of the volatile fluid.

Notes: Abstract Major structural discontinuities in the Abitibi greenstone belt acted as conduits for outgassing of the Archean crust, as reflected in fixation of a select group of lithophile elements including Si, C, K, Rb, Ba, Li, Cs, B and Pb, in metasomatized faults. For two of the largest structures, the Destor-Porcupine (DP) and Kirkland Lake — Cadillac (KC) fault zones ∼6×1015 g Si, 3×1015 g CO2 and 1015 g K were introduced into the faults during expulsion of an estimated 6×1018 g aqueous fluids. Strontium isotope ratios of tourmaline, piemontite, actinolite and scheelite mineral separates, characterized by Rb/Sr≤0.02, are concordant with respect to 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios over local sectors of the faults. The Sr isotope data record geographic variations which, from east to west on the KC fault is 0.7031–0.7041 (Val d'Or), 0.7008–0.7022 (Bourlemaque), 0.7017–0.7019 (Bousquet), 0.7029–0.7031 (Noranda), and 0.7013 to 0.7015 (Kirkland Lake). At Timmins, on the PD fault, 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios cluster at 0.7010 to 0.7020. Metasomatised fault zones are systematically more radiogenic than contiguous host lithologies, and imply a source reservoir (0.7010 to 0.7041) generally more radiogenic than the upper mantle at 2690 Ma (0.700±0.001), or contemporaneous volcanic rocks of mafic to ultramafic composition (0.700 to 0.7012). Whereas certain minerals are concordant and retentive, Rb-Sr isochrons based on suites of rocks at progressive intensities of metasomatism, have been systematically reset over an elpased time of ∼200 Ma after termination of outgassing, due to disturbance accompanying incremental displacements on structures. Carbon isotope compositions of ferroan dolomites in faults are tightly clustered along local fault sectors, but also display a marked provinciality: from east to west δ 13C=−6.0 to −8.5 (Malartic), −8.0 to −9.0 (Cadillac), −2.0 to −4.5 (Kirkland Lake), and −0.5 to −3.5 (Timmins). The observed provinciality of both δ 13C values and 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios is interpreted to reflect compositional heterogeneities in a radiogenic sialic crust and the green-stone belt supracrustal sequence, both of which supplied volatiles, magmas and lithophile elements to the fault structures during late stage transpressive tectonics.

Notes: Abstract The Wild Bight Group (WBG) is a sequence of early and middle Ordovician volcanic, subvolcanic and epiclastic rocks, part of the Dunnage Tectonostratigraphic Zone of the Newfoundland Appalachians. A detailed geochemical and Nd-isotopic study of the volcanic and subvolcanic rocks has been carried out to determine the geochemical characteristics of the rocks, interpret their palcotectonic environments and constrain their petrogenetic history. The lower and central stratigraphic levels of the WBG contain mafic volcanic rocks with island-arc geochemical signatures, including LREE-enriched are tholeiites with ε Nd(t) =-0.1 to +2.2 (type A-I), LREE-depleted arc tholeiites with ε Nd(t) =+5.6 to +7.1 (type A-II) and an unusual suite of strongly incompatible-element depleted tholeiites in which ε Nd(t) ranges from-0.9 to +4.6 and is negatively correlated with147Sm/144Nd (type A-III). High-silica, low-K rhyolites occur locally in the central part of the stratigraphy, associated with mafic rocks of arc affinity, and have ε Nd(t) =+4.7 to +5.4. The upper stratigraphic levels of the WBG dominantly contain rocks with non-arc geochemical signatures, including alkalic basalts with ε Nd(t) =+4.6 to +5.5 (type N-I), strongly LREE- and incompatible element-enriched tholeiites that are transitional between alkalic and non-alkalic rocks with ε Nd(t) =+4.4 to +7.0 (type N-II) and rocks with flat to slightly LREE-enriched patterns and ε Nd(t) =+5.1 to +7.4 (type N-III). Rocks with non-arc and arc signatures are locally interbedded near the stratigraphic type of the WBG. Nd-isotopic data in the type A-I and A-II rocks are generally compatible with mixing/partial melting models involving depleted mantle, variably contaminated by a subducted crustally-derived sediment. The petrogenesis of type A-III rocks must involve source mixing and multi-stage partial melting, but the details are not clear. The geochemistry and Nd isotope data for types N-I, N-II and N-III rocks are compatible with petrogenetic models involving variable partial melting of a source similar to that postulated for modern oceanic island basalts. Comparison of the WBG with modern analogues suggests a 3-stage developmental model: stage 1) island-arc volcanism (eruption of type mafic volcancs); stage 2) arc-rifting (continued eruption of type A-I, A-I, eruption of types A-II and A-III mafic volcanics and high-silica, low-K rhyolites); and stage 3) back-arc basin volcanism (continued minor eruption of type A-I basalts, eruption of types N-I, N-II, N-III basalts). Stages 1 and 2 volcanism involved partial melting of subduction contaminated mantle, while stage 3 volcanism utilized depleted-mantle sources not affected by the subducting slab. This model provides a basis for interpreting coeval sequences in central Newfoundland and a comparative framework for some early Paleozoic oceanic volcanic sequences elsewhere in the Appalachian orogen.

Notes: Abstract Rare earth element (REE) abundances in eudialytes and co-existing feldspars and mafic minerals from six alkaline intrusions ranging from mildly to strongly peralkaline indicate large scale complexing of the REE and yttrium. The eudialyte-bearing stages of these intrusions are characterized by a low ∑Ce/∑Y ratio. This enrichment in the heavy REE is not due to the high REE content of the mineral eudialyte but appears to be related to the importance, duration and type of REE and other element complexing during differentiation. Feldspar and mafic mineral REE abundances reflect this low ∑Ce/∑Y ratio and are often altered by late stage magmatic, metasomatic or hydrothermal fluids enriched in the heaviest REE and yttrium.

Notes: Abstract Archean volcanic rocks in the Confederation Lake area, northwestern Ontario, Canada, are in three mafic to felsic cycles collectively 8,500 to 11,240 m thick. Each cycle begins with pillowed basalt and andesite flows and is capped with andesitic to rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks and minor flows. Seventy five samples from this succession were analyzed for major and trace elements including the rare earth elements. In two cycles, tholeiitic basalts are overlain by calcalkaline andesite to rhyolite. In the third, cycle, the tholeiitic basalts are overlain by tholeiitic rhyolites. Fe enrichment in basalts is accompanied by depletion of Ca, Al, Cr, Ni, and Sr, and enrichment in Ti, P, the rare earth elements, Nb, Zr, and Y. This is interpreted as open system fractionation of olivine, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene. Si enrichment in dacites and rhyolites is attributed to fractional crystallization of plagioclase, K-feldspar, and biotite. Tholeiitic basalt liquids are believed to be mantle-derived. Intercalated andesites with fractionated rare earth patterns appear to be products of mixing of tholeiitic basalt and rhyolite liquids and, andesites with flat rare earth patterns are probably produced by melting of previously depleted mantle. Felsic magmas are partial melts of tholeiitic basalt or products of liquid immiscibility in a tholeiitic system perhaps involving extreme fractionation in a high level magma chamber, and assimilation of sialic crust. It is concluded that Archean cyclical volcanism in this area involves the interplay of several magmatic liquids in processes of fractional crystallization, magma mixing, liquid immiscibility, and the probable existence of compositionally zoned magma chambers in the late stages of each cycle. The compositionally zoned chambers existed over the time period represented by the upper felsic portion of each cycle.