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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epilogy, germ layer and axis formation in Brachydanuio (Zebraafish)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Differentiation and Development 27 (1989), S. 216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0922-3371
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0922-3371(89)90655-2
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryogenesis of the honeybee apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera : apidae): An sem study
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 15 (1986), S. 449-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7322
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(86)90037-1
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oogenesis in the honeybee Apis mellifera: cytological observations on the formation and differentiation of previtellogenic ovarian follicles (1993)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 202 (1993), S. 181-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Apis mellifera ; Oogenesis ; Germ-line cells ; Fusomes ; Microfilaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Oogenesis is known to be important for embryonic pattern formation. For this reason we have studied the early differentiation of the honeybee ovariole histologically, ultrastructurally, and by staining F-actin with rhodaminyl-phalloidin. At the anterior tip of the ovariole, stem cells are lined up in a single file; they are organelle-poor but contain characteristic electrondense bodies with lysosomal properties. The presence of these bodies in cystocytes as well as prefollicle cells indicates that both cell types may be derived from the apical stem cells. During later stages of oogenesis, the follicle cells differentiate cytologically in different regions of the follicle. The organization of the intercellular bridges between cystocytes derived from a single cystoblast has been studied in detail. The polyfusomes in the intercellular bridges of cystocyte clusters stain with rhodaminyl-phalloidin and hence contain F-actin. Later, when the polyfusomes begin to desintegrate, F-actin rings form which line the rims of the intercellular bridges. Actin might be recruited from conspicuous F-actin stores which were detected in the germ-line cells. The F-actin rings are dissembled some time before the onset of vitellogenesis when the nurse chamber has grown to a length of about 200 μm. At the basal side of the follicle cells (close to the basement membrane facing the haemocdele) parallel microfilament bundles encircle the ovariole. The microfilament bundles which are oriented mostly perpendicular to the long axis of the ovariole were first observed around the zone where the cystocyte divisions occur; after this phase the micro-filament bundles become organized differently in the follicle cells associated with the nurse cells and in the follicular epithelium of the oocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365309
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hox genes in the honey bee Apis mellifera (2000)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 483-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words  Dfd ; Scr ; Antp ; Ubx ; abd-A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Hox genes are known to control the identity of serially repeated structures in arthropods and vertebrates. We analyzed the expression pattern of the Hox genes Deformed (Dfd), Sex combs reduced (Scr), Antennapedia (Antp), and Ultrabithorax/abdominal-A (Ubx/abd-A) from the honey bee Apis mellifera. We also cloned a cDNA with the complete coding region of the Antennapedia gene from Apis. Comparison with Antp proteins from other insect species revealed several regions of homology. The expression patterns of the isolated Hox genes from Apis showed that the original expression patterns of Dfd, Scr, and Antp appear between late blastoderm and early germ band stage in a temporal and spatial sequence. Each of them shows up as a belt, spanning approximately two segment anlagen, Dfd in the anterior gnathal region, Scr in the posterior gnathal and anterior thoracic region, and Antp in the thoracic region. Following expansion of the Antp domain in the abdomen as a gradient towards the posterior, Ubx/abd-A expression appears laterally in the abdomen. During gastrulation and in the germ band stage the domains of strong expression do not overlap any more, but touch each other. After gastrulation the borders of the expression domains partly correlate with parasegment and partly with segment boundaries. Laterally, gaps between the domain of each gene may show no expression of any of the genes examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270000091
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engrailed expression and body segmentation in the honeybee Apis mellifera (1990)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 198 (1990), S. 467-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Honeybee ; Gastrulation ; Segmentation ; Engrailed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Honeybee embryos were stained with a monoclonal antibody raised against the Drosophila engrailed protein. The antibody was found to label rows of nuclei in the transverse grooves that form the earliest external sign of metameric germ band organization. These grooves demarcate metameric units about seven cell rows wide, of which about three rows with reduced apical cell surfaces account for the grooves. The en stripes appear in the grooves as soon as these form and grow from one to about four cells in width and thus completely overlap the groove. During the rudimentary germ band retraction, the grooves shift slightly backwards relative to both the en stripes and the trachdeal pits. The spatio-temporal pattern by which the series of grooves and stripes arises is quite striking. Both become visible first in the gnathal and thoracic regions, then in the pregnathal parts of the head and in the abdomen. The stripes arise essentially in an antero-posterior sequence. In addition, the earliest stripes to form display a pattern of alternating intensities whereas the later stripes, those in the abdomen, arise with approximately equal strength. The latter trait was earlier observed in the grasshopper, while the former is known from Drosophila where, however, the strong stripes correspond to the weak stripes in the honeybee.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399057
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the Deformed protein pattern in the embryo of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera) (1992)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 201 (1992), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Honeybee ; Embryogenesis ; Homeotic genes ; Deformed ; Antibody staining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have raised antiserum against part of the Deformed (Dfd) protein of the honeybee and describe here the expression pattern of the Dfd protein during honeybee embryogenesis. Dfd protein is first stained in the prospective gnathal region of the cellular blastoderm. This circumferential band corresponds to the distribution of Dfd mRNA described earlier, and to the blastodermal Dfd expression pattern in Drosophila. Using an antibody against the engrailed (en) protein of Drosophila, we found that at the beginning of gastrulation Dfd expression in the honeybee, as in Drosophila, is restricted to the future intercalary, mandibular and maxillary segments. During gastrulation, the mesodermal nuclei loose the Dfd label gradually from anterior to posterior, and in the ectoderm the most posterior ventral cells loose Dfd while retaining en staining; thus, in contrast to what has been described for Drosophila, the posterior Dfd expression border seems to move forward ventrally to the parasegmental boundary within the maxillary segment. In the late germ band, the lateral tips of the Dfd-expressing band are connected across the dorsal side by a row of amnion cells with strongly staining large nuclei. After dorsal closure, a narrow stripe of Dfd-staining dorsal cells behind the neck region may indicate that the maxillary segment contributes to the dorsal body wall posterior to the head capsule. Thus, apart from some minor deviations, the Dfd expression pattern in the honeybee strongly resembles that in Drosophila prior to head involution. This is compatible with the assumption that head involution (which is a special adaption in higher dipterans) ensues after a rather conserved course of early head development in which Dfd appears to play a basic role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188754
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural organization of ovarian follicle cells in the cotton bug (Dysdercus intermedius) and the honeybee (Apis mellifera) (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 265 (1991), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Follicle cells ; Intercellular space ; Microfilaments ; Dysdercus intermedius (Insecta) ; Apis mellifera (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The somatic epithelia of Dysdercus and Apis follicles were analyzed by electron microscopy, and the patterns of F-actin and microtubules were studied by fluorescence microscopy. The epithelia in both species differ considerably in shape and in the organization of the cytoskeleton. During previtellogenic stages, the epithelium consists of columnar-shaped cells with small (Dysdercus) or no (Apis) lateral intercellular spaces. During vitellogenesis, the follicle cells round up; the intercellular spaces increase in size in Dysdercus follicles, whereas in Apis follicles they remain small. Along the basal surface of the follicle cells, there are conspicuous parallel bundles of microfilaments perpendicular to the anteroposterior axis of the follicles. In the honeybee, these microfilament bundles are present in long filopodia, most of which are embedded in thickenings of the basement membrane and extend over the surfaces of neighbouring cells. In the cotton bug, the basal surface of the follicle cells is thrown into parallel folds. The microfilament bundles are located just underneath the cell membrane where the folds contact the basement membrane. In the polar regions of the Dysdercus follicle, the epithelial cells become flat and adhere to each other without forming intercellular spaces. The basement membrane is particularly thick in the polar areas; this has also been observed in Apis follicles around the intercellular bridge connecting oocyte and nurse cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398077
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yolk mobilization in perch, Perca fluviatilis L., embryos (1999)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 21 (1999), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: lipid drop ; teleost embryogenesis ; vitellogenin ; yolk proteins ; yolk syncytial layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During embryogenesis of the perch, Perca fluviatilis L., a gradual proteolysis of yolk proteins was revealed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting and was comparable to other teleosts. A 118 kDa polypeptide was processed in two 96 and 18 kDa descendants; further proteolysis produced two peptides of 64 and 31 kDa. Ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry were used to compare electrophoresis patterns with morphological changes in the developing embryo and to localise yolk proteins in embryonic cell layers. In contrast to most other freshwater teleost, in spawned eggs of the perch yolk spheres fused together forming a homogenous yolk mass; lipid droplets formed a single oil drop on top of the egg. Combination of electrophoresis data and light and electron microscopical observations suggested a specific and parallel mobilization of yolk and lipid. In addition, yolk absorption by the yolk syncytial layer was observed. Numerous yolk platelets were found in the yolk syncytial layer and, in later stages of embryogenesis, also in the inner cell mass, but never in the cells of the enveloping layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007843306186
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  • 9
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    Comparison of homeobox-containing genes of the honeybee and Drosophila. (1989)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Structural organization of ovarian follicle cells in the cotton bug (Dysdercus intermedius) and the honeybee (Apis mellifera) (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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