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  • 1
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    A disinhibitory microcircuit for associative fear learning in the auditory cortex (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: Learning causes a change in how information is processed by neuronal circuits. Whereas synaptic plasticity, an important cellular mechanism, has been studied in great detail, we know much less about how learning is implemented at the level of neuronal circuits and, in particular, how interactions between distinct types of neurons within local networks contribute to the process of learning. Here we show that acquisition of associative fear memories depends on the recruitment of a disinhibitory microcircuit in the mouse auditory cortex. Fear-conditioning-associated disinhibition in auditory cortex is driven by foot-shock-mediated cholinergic activation of layer 1 interneurons, in turn generating inhibition of layer 2/3 parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Importantly, pharmacological or optogenetic block of pyramidal neuron disinhibition abolishes fear learning. Together, these data demonstrate that stimulus convergence in the auditory cortex is necessary for associative fear learning to complex tones, define the circuit elements mediating this convergence and suggest that layer-1-mediated disinhibition is an important mechanism underlying learning and information processing in neocortical circuits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Letzkus, Johannes J -- Wolff, Steffen B E -- Meyer, Elisabeth M M -- Tovote, Philip -- Courtin, Julien -- Herry, Cyril -- Luthi, Andreas -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 7;480(7377):331-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10674.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland. johannes.letzkus@fmi.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Cortex/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/drug effects/*physiology ; Electroshock ; Extremities/innervation/physiology ; Fear/drug effects/*physiology/*psychology ; Interneurons/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects/physiology ; Neural Pathways/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Nicotinic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Pyramidal Cells/drug effects/physiology ; Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    High-affinity choline transport in proteoliposomes derived from rat cortical synaptosomes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: Functional high- and low-affinity choline transport processes from rat cortical plasma membranes were reconstituted in phosphatidylcholine bilayer liposomes. The high-affinity choline transporter demonstrated a pharmacological profile and ion dependency that were identical to those of intact synaptosomes. This preparation may be used to further characterize choline transport and, with appropriate supplementation, to investigate the release of acetylcholine in the absence of synaptic vesicles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer, E M -- Cooper, J R -- NS 09836/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):843-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Choline/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Lipid Bilayers/metabolism ; Liposomes/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Synaptosomes/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Long-term neuropathological and neurochemical effects of nucleus basalis lesions in the rat (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-11-13
    Description: The long-term effects of excitotoxic lesions in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of the rat were found to mimic several neuropathological and chemical changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. Neuritic plaque-like structures, neurofibrillary changes, and neuronal atrophy or loss were observed in the frontoparietal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex 14 months after the lesions were made. Cholinergic markers in neocortex were reduced, while catecholamine and indoleamine metabolism was largely unaffected at this time. Bilateral lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis increased somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in the cortex of the rat by at least 138 and 284 percent, respectively, suggesting a functional interaction between cholinergic and peptidergic neurons that may differ from that in Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arendash, G W -- Millard, W J -- Dunn, A J -- Meyer, E M -- HD 17933/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 13;238(4829):952-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2890210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Animals ; Biogenic Amines/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism/*pathology ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism/*pathology ; Choline/metabolism ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Male ; Neuropeptide Y/analysis ; Olivary Nucleus/*physiology ; Organ Specificity ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Somatostatin/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preproneuropeptide Y mRNA Expression in Glial Cell Cultures of the Neonate but Not 21-Day-Old Rat Brain (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 611 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb49005.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of process parameters on the residual stresses and the wear behavior of aluminum nitride physical vapor deposition coatings
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface & Coatings Technology 54-55 (1992), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0257-8972
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0257-8972(92)90157-6
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  • 6
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    Primary and secondary siRNA synthesis triggered by RNAs from food bacteria in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-18
    Description: In various organisms, an efficient RNAi response can be triggered by feeding cells with bacteria producing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) against an endogenous gene. However, the detailed mechanisms and natural functions of this pathway are not well understood in most cases. Here, we studied siRNA biogenesis from exogenous RNA and its genetic overlap with endogenous RNAi in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia by high-throughput sequencing. Using wild-type and mutant strains deficient for dsRNA feeding we found that high levels of primary siRNAs of both strands are processed from the ingested dsRNA trigger by the Dicer Dcr1, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases Rdr1 and Rdr2 and other factors. We further show that this induces the synthesis of secondary siRNAs spreading along the entire endogenous mRNA, demonstrating the occurrence of both 3'-to-5' and 5'-to-3' transitivity for the first time in the SAR clade of eukaryotes (Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria). Secondary siRNAs depend on Rdr2 and show a strong antisense bias; they are produced at much lower levels than primary siRNAs and hardly contribute to RNAi efficiency. We further provide evidence that the Paramecium RNAi machinery also processes single-stranded RNAs from its bacterial food, broadening the possible natural functions of exogenously induced RNAi in this organism.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Effect of process parameters on the residual stresses and the wear behavior of aluminum nitride physical vapor deposition coatings (1992)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0257-8972
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3347
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
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    De Novo Assembly and Characterization of Four Anthozoan (Phylum Cnidaria) Transcriptomes (2015)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-04
    Description: Many nonmodel species exemplify important biological questions but lack the sequence resources required to study the genes and genomic regions underlying traits of interest. Reef-building corals are famously sensitive to rising seawater temperatures, motivating ongoing research into their stress responses and long-term prospects in a changing climate. A comprehensive understanding of these processes will require extending beyond the sequenced coral genome ( Acropora digitifera ) to encompass diverse coral species and related anthozoans. Toward that end, we have assembled and annotated reference transcriptomes to develop catalogs of gene sequences for three scleractinian corals ( Fungia scutaria , Montastraea cavernosa , Seriatopora hystrix ) and a temperate anemone ( Anthopleura elegantissima ). High-throughput sequencing of cDNA libraries produced ~20–30 million reads per sample, and de novo assembly of these reads produced ~75,000–110,000 transcripts from each sample with size distributions (mean ~1.4 kb, N 50 ~2 kb), comparable to the distribution of gene models from the coral genome (mean ~1.7 kb, N 50 ~2.2 kb). Each assembly includes matches for more than half the gene models from A. digitifera (54–67%) and many reasonably complete transcripts (~5300–6700) spanning nearly the entire gene (ortholog hit ratios ≥0.75). The catalogs of gene sequences developed in this study made it possible to identify hundreds to thousands of orthologs across diverse scleractinian species and related taxa. We used these sequences for phylogenetic inference, recovering known relationships and demonstrating superior performance over phylogenetic trees constructed using single mitochondrial loci. The resources developed in this study provide gene sequences and genetic markers for several anthozoan species. To enhance the utility of these resources for the research community, we developed searchable databases enabling researchers to rapidly recover sequences for genes of interest. Our analysis of de novo assembly quality highlights metrics that we expect will be useful for evaluating the relative quality of other de novo transcriptome assemblies. The identification of orthologous sequences and phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates the feasibility of these methods for clarifying the substantial uncertainties in the existing scleractinian phylogeny.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 9
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    Micropatterning of nanoparticle films by bilayer lift-off (2013)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-27
    Print ISSN: 0960-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6439
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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