Publication Date:
2013-12-07
Description:
To sustain neurotransmission, synaptic vesicles and their associated proteins must be recycled locally at synapses. Synaptic vesicles are thought to be regenerated approximately 20 s after fusion by the assembly of clathrin scaffolds or in approximately 1 s by the reversal of fusion pores via 'kiss-and-run' endocytosis. Here we use optogenetics to stimulate cultured hippocampal neurons with a single stimulus, rapidly freeze them after fixed intervals and examine the ultrastructure using electron microscopy--'flash-and-freeze' electron microscopy. Docked vesicles fuse and collapse into the membrane within 30 ms of the stimulus. Compensatory endocytosis occurs within 50 to 100 ms at sites flanking the active zone. Invagination is blocked by inhibition of actin polymerization, and scission is blocked by inhibiting dynamin. Because intact synaptic vesicles are not recovered, this form of recycling is not compatible with kiss-and-run endocytosis; moreover, it is 200-fold faster than clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is likely that 'ultrafast endocytosis' is specialized to restore the surface area of the membrane rapidly.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3957339/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3957339/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watanabe, Shigeki -- Rost, Benjamin R -- Camacho-Perez, Marcial -- Davis, M Wayne -- Sohl-Kielczynski, Berit -- Rosenmund, Christian -- Jorgensen, Erik M -- NS034307/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034307/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Dec 12;504(7479):242-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12809. Epub 2013 Dec 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, Utah, USA. ; 1] Neuroscience Research Centre, Charite Universitatsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany [2] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany. [3]. ; 1] Neuroscience Research Centre, Charite Universitatsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany [2]. ; Neuroscience Research Centre, Charite Universitatsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24305055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Actins/metabolism/ultrastructure
;
Action Potentials
;
Animals
;
Dynamins/metabolism/ultrastructure
;
*Endocytosis
;
Exocytosis
;
Hippocampus/*cytology
;
Membrane Fusion
;
Mice
;
Microscopy, Electron
;
Rhodopsin/genetics/metabolism
;
Synapses/*metabolism/ultrastructure
;
Synaptic Transmission
;
Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism/ultrastructure
;
Time Factors
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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