Publication Date:
2014-01-25
Description:
Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is the oldest known somatic cell lineage. It is a transmissible cancer that propagates naturally in dogs. We sequenced the genomes of two CTVT tumors and found that CTVT has acquired 1.9 million somatic substitution mutations and bears evidence of exposure to ultraviolet light. CTVT is remarkably stable and lacks subclonal heterogeneity despite thousands of rearrangements, copy-number changes, and retrotransposon insertions. More than 10,000 genes carry nonsynonymous variants, and 646 genes have been lost. CTVT first arose in a dog with low genomic heterozygosity that may have lived about 11,000 years ago. The cancer spawned by this individual dispersed across continents about 500 years ago. Our results provide a genetic identikit of an ancient dog and demonstrate the robustness of mammalian somatic cells to survive for millennia despite a massive mutation burden.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3918581/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3918581/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murchison, Elizabeth P -- Wedge, David C -- Alexandrov, Ludmil B -- Fu, Beiyuan -- Martincorena, Inigo -- Ning, Zemin -- Tubio, Jose M C -- Werner, Emma I -- Allen, Jan -- De Nardi, Andrigo Barboza -- Donelan, Edward M -- Marino, Gabriele -- Fassati, Ariberto -- Campbell, Peter J -- Yang, Fengtang -- Burt, Austin -- Weiss, Robin A -- Stratton, Michael R -- 088340/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0501446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900950/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9721629/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):437-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1247167.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
Cell Lineage/*genetics
;
Dog Diseases/*genetics
;
Dogs/*genetics
;
Founder Effect
;
Gene Dosage
;
Genome
;
Karyotype
;
Mutation
;
Retroelements
;
Venereal Tumors, Veterinary/*epidemiology/*genetics
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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