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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0273-1177
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-1948
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0273-1177
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-1948
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Attention is given to CELSS, a critical technology for the Space Exploration Initiative. OCAM (object-oriented CELSS analysis and modeling) models carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen recycling. Multiple crops and plant types can be simulated. Resource recovery options from inedible biomass include leaching, enzyme treatment, aerobic digestion, and mushroom and fish growth. The benefit of using many small crops overlapping in time, instead of a single large crop, is demonstrated. Unanticipated results include startup transients which reduce the benefit of multiple small crops. The relative contributions of mass, energy, and manpower to system cost are analyzed in order to determine appropriate research directions.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: Space Congress, 29th, Cocoa Beach, FL, Apr. 21-24, 1992, Proceedings (A93-25276 08-12); p. 8-31 to 8-37.
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Activities this summer consisted of two projects that involved computer simulation of bioregenerative life support systems for space habitats. Students in the Space Life Science Training Program (SLSTP) used the simulation, space station, to learn about relationships between humans, fish, plants, and microorganisms in a closed environment. One student complete a six week project to modify the simulation by converting the microbes from anaerobic to aerobic, and then balancing the simulation's life support system. A detailed computer simulation of a closed lunar station using bioregenerative life support was attempted, but there was not enough known about system restraints and constants in plant growth, bioreactor design for space habitats and food preparation to develop an integrated model with any confidence. Instead of a completed detailed model with broad assumptions concerning the unknown system parameters, a framework for an integrated model was outlined and work begun on plant and bioreactor simulations. The NASA sponsors and the summer Fell were satisfied with the progress made during the 10 weeks, and we have planned future cooperative work.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 203-212; NASA-CR-202756
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Advanced Life Support (ALS) Metric is the predominant tool for predicting the cost of ALS systems. Metric goals for the ALS Program are daunting, requiring a threefold increase in the ALS Metric by 2010. Confounding the problem, the rate new ALS technologies reach the maturity required for consideration in the ALS Metric and the rate at which new configurations are developed is slow, limiting the search space and potentially giving the perspective of a ALS technology, the ALS Metric may remain elusive. This paper is a sequel to a paper published in the proceedings of the 2003 ICES conference entitled, "Managing to the metric: an approach to optimizing life support costs." The conclusions of that paper state that the largest contributors to the ALS Metric should be targeted by ALS researchers and management for maximum metric reductions. Certainly, these areas potentially offer large potential benefits to future ALS missions; however, the ALS Metric is not the only decision-making tool available to the community. To facilitate decision-making within the ALS community a combination of metrics should be utilized, such as the Equivalent System Mass (ESM)-based ALS metric, but also those available through techniques such as life cycle costing and faithful consideration of the sensitivity of the assumed models and data. Often a lack of data is cited as the reason why these techniques are not considered for utilization. An existing database development effort within the ALS community, known as OPIS, may provide the opportunity to collect the necessary information to enable the proposed systems analyses. A review of these additional analysis techniques is provided, focusing on the data necessary to enable these. The discussion is concluded by proposing how the data may be utilized by analysts in the future.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: 34rd International conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 19, 2004 - Jul 22, 2004; Colorado Springs, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Work defining advanced life support (ALS) technologies and evaluating their applicability to various long-duration missions has continued. Time-dependent and time-invariant costs have been estimated for a variety of life support technology options, including International Space Station (ISS) environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS) technologies and improved options under development by the ALS Project. These advanced options include physicochemical (PC) and bioregenerative (BIO) technologies, and may in the future include in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) in an attempt to reduce both logistics costs and dependence on supply from Earth. PC and bioregenerative technologies both provide possibilities for reducing mission equivalent system mass (ESM). PC technologies are most advantageous for missions of up to several years in length, while bioregenerative options are most appropriate for longer missions. ISRU can be synergistic with both PC and bioregenerative options.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: SAE Paper 2000-01-2394 , JSC-CN-6239
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Prior to determining what Solid Waste Management (SWM) technologies should be researched and developed by the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Project for future missions, there is a need to define SWM requirements. Because future waste streams will be highly mission-dependent, missions need to be defined prior to developing SWM requirements. The SWM Working Group has used the mission architecture outlined in the System Integration, Modeling and Analysis (SIMA) Element Reference Missions Document (RMD) as a starting point in the requirement development process. The missions examined include the International Space Station (ISS), a Mars Dual Lander mission, and a Mars Base. The SWM Element has also identified common SWM functionalities needed for future missions. These functionalities include: acceptance, transport, processing, storage, monitoring and control, and disposal. Requirements in each of these six areas are currently being developed for the selected missions. This paper reviews the results of this ongoing effort and identifies mission-dependent resource recovery requirements.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: 33nd International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 15, 2002 - Jul 18, 2002; San Antonio, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This document is a viewgraph presentation which provides guidelines for performing an Equivalent System Mass (ESM) evaluation for trade study purposes. The document: 1) Defines ESM; 2) Explains how to calculate ESM; 3) Discusses interpretation of ESM results. The document is designed to provide detailed instructive material for researchers who are performing ESM evaluations for the first time.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: NASA/TM-2003-212278 , A-0310698 , Invited Presentation at Purdue University; Mar 13, 2003; West Lafayette, IN; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper discusses some of the analytical decisions that an investigator must make during the course of a life support system trade study. Equivalent System Mass (ESM) is often applied to evaluate trade study options in the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Program. ESM can be used to identify which of several options that meet all requirements are most likely to have lowest cost. It can also be used to identify which of the many interacting parts of a life support system have the greatest impact and sensitivity to assumptions. This paper summarizes recommendations made in the newly developed ALS ESM Guidelines Document and expands on some of the issues relating to trade studies that involve ESM. In particular, the following three points are expounded: 1) The importance of objectives: Analysis objectives drive the approach to any trade study, including identification of assumptions, selection of characteristics to compare in the analysis, and the most appropriate techniques for reflecting those characteristics. 2) The importance of results inferprefafion: The accuracy desired in the results depends upon the analysis objectives, whereas the realized accuracy is determined by the data quality and degree of detail in analysis methods. 3) The importance of analysis documentation: Documentation of assumptions and data modifications is critical for effective peer evaluation of any trade study. ESM results are analysis-specific and should always be reported in context, rather than as solitary values. For this reason, results reporting should be done with adequate rigor to allow for verification by other researchers.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: SAE-2003-01-2631 , 33nd International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 07, 2003 - Jul 10, 2003; Vancouver, British Columbia; Canada
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  • 10
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Issues related to space exploration beyond the solar system are introduced and discussed including the interstellar medium and interstellar probes and communication. The characteristics of the interstellar medium cannot be accurately predicted, and four probes are described that are intended to travel beyond the solar system and transmit data regarding the interstellar medium. Interstellar communication is shown to be technically feasible with existing technology, and the problems associated with manned interstellar travel are listed. Factors limiting the possibilities of such travel include propulsion options, energy requirements, and the amount of time required for a given mission to a nearby star. Interstellar space is shown to be of interest to astronomers because of the possibilities of long-baseline observations in a clean observational environment.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Space Congress; Apr 23, 1991 - Apr 26, 1991; Cocoa Beach, FL; United States
    Format: text
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