ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 3561-3563 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By performing interferometric measurements on the fundamental transverse mode of a planar VCSEL, we have determined the wave front curvature inside the VCSEL cavity. The results show that the (apparent) position of the beam waist is 0–8 μm below the surface of the top DBR, i.e., up to 25% of the Rayleigh range. From these results we estimate the amount of index and gain guiding in the VCSEL. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1041-1043 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a new technique to apply strain to a vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser. This has allowed us to study the relation between strain and birefringence. We have found that the corresponding tensor is anisotropic, with a measured anisotropy 2p44/(p11−p12)=4.7±0.6. This anisotropy explains the natural preference of the polarization for the [110]/[11¯0] axes. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3635-3637 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate a technique to modify the strain in a planar vertical-cavity semiconductor laser. The technique consists of locally melting a hole in the wafer next to the device by means of a focused laser beam. This allows manipulating both the magnitude and the orientation of the native birefringence in a permanent way. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 1449-1451 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    De economist 122 (1974), S. 254-272 
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    De economist 124 (1976), S. 251-264 
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary In his address to the Dutch Christian Employers Association the socialist prime minister Den Uyl analyzed the strained relations between socialism and the system of free enterprise. The authoritarian type of socialism is rejected. Den Uyl avoids an analysis of the economics of liberal socialism; the idea of workers' management seems to suffer from hypertrophy of democracy. It is pointed out that the new scarcity, the demand for workers' participation in management and new legislation will inevitably result in a decline of the freedom of free enterprise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 33 (1986), S. 3-25 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In 4 Kolonien der HummelartBombus terrestris L. wurde die Entstehung der sozialen Struktur und der Fortpflanzungserfolg von Königin und Arbeiterinnen untersucht. Die Entwicklung der Kolonien wurde in 4 Perioden unterteilt. Nur in der letzten Periode legten Arbeiterinnen Eier. Für die Untersuchungen zur sozialstruktur, der Völker wurden die Methoden von v.Honk & Hogeweg (1981) verwendet, um ihre Ergebnisse, die an nur einem einzigen Volk erzielt wurden, zu überprüfen. Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen folgendes: 1. In allen Perioden existiert eine Dominanzhierarchie, an deren Spitze die Königin steht. 2. Dominanzverhalten ist positiv mit der Aktivität im Nest (Anzahl der Interaktionen) korreliert. 3. In jeder Periode nehmen einige Arbeiterinnen einen Rang in der Hierarchie nahe der Königin ein. Sie werden ‘Elite Arbeiterinnen’ genannt und sind durch spezifische Verhaltensweisen characterisiert. Arbeiterinnen, die dauernd der Elitegruppe angehören legen in der letzten Periode der Volksentwicklung Eier. Im Gegensatz zu v.Honk & Hogeweg (1981) fanden wir jedoch: 1. Der prozentuale Anteil dieser Arbeiterinnen kann in den einzelnen Kolonien und in den verschiedenen Perioden unterschiedlich sein; er ist aber immer kleiner als 1/2 und nimmt in der Regel während der Volksentwicklung ab. 2. Die Wachstumsrate unserer Völker ist signifikant größer. 3. Nur 33% derjenigen Arbeiterinnen, die während der ersten 3 Perioden die Elitegruppe erreichen, befinden sich auch noch am Ende der 4. Periode darin. Die restlichen Arbeiterinnen fallen in der Hierarchie, weil sie entweder zu alt sind oder zu sammeln beginnen; Sammlerinnen nehmen innerhalb kurzer Zeit einen niedrigen Rang ein. Die Stabilität der Elitegruppe hängt wahrscheinlich auch von der Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit des betreffenden Volkes ab. 4. Arbeiterinnen, die erst in der 4. Periode schlüpfen, nachdem ältere Arbeiterinnen mit der Eiabage begonnen haben, können nicht mehr die Elitegruppe erreichen. Obwohl Elite Arbeiterinnen häufig Eier legen, bleibt ihr Fortpflanzungserfolg gering; die Königin frißt alle Eier, die von Arbeiterinnen gelegt wurden. Sie beginnt mit der Ablage von Drohnen-Eiern bevor die Arbeiterinnen anfangen Eier zu legen, so daß die meisten Drohnen von ihr abstammen. Mögliche Gründe für den Wechsel von der Ablage besamter zur Ablage unbesamter Eier der Königin sowie für den Beginn der Eiablage der Arbeiterinnen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary We investigated the ontogeny of the social structure in relation to the reproductive success of its members in four colonies of the bumblebeeBombus terrestris L. In all four colonies, the time of colony development was divided into four periods. Only in the last period did worker-oviposition occur. For analysing the social structure of the nests, we used the same methods as used earlier by v.Honk & Hogeweg (1981), in order to test their results, which were based on one colony only. Our results confirm theirs in: 1. There exists a social hierarchy during all periods of colony development, in which the queen is always in the α-position. 2. Dominance behaviour is positively correlated with activity (i.e. the number of interactions of a bee) in the nest. 3. A number of the workers present in each period hold a position in the hierarchy close to the queen. These workers are called elite workers. They show a characteristic behavioural pattern, in which egg laying by the elite workers occurs in the last period of colony development. However, contrary to their findings we observed: 1. The proportion of elite workers varies from one period to another and from one colony to another, but is always less than 1/2 and generally decreases during colony development. 2. The growth rate of our colonies is significantly larger. 3. Only 33% of the workers which reach an elite position in one of the first periods, remain in such position through the last period. The dropping of the other 67% appears to be due to age and foraging: foragers quickly drop to a low position in the social hierarchy. Stability of the elite group is probably also related to the growth rate of the colonies. 4. Workers which emerge more than three days after the onset of the last period (i.e. after the start of worker egg laying) have no more chance of becoming elite workers. Not withstanding the extensive egg laying activity of the elite workers, their reproductive success is small; the queen eats most of the worker-laid eggs. Since, moreover, the queen starts to lay unfertilized eggs before the workers start to oviposit, she has the parentage of most of the males. Some possible reasons, for the queen's ‘switch’ to the production of unfertilized eggs and for the start of worker egg laying are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 13 (1973), S. 215-222 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analysis is made of the transformations a graded signal undergoes if it is first encoded as a train of identical impulses, and subsequently decoded into a graded signal again. The case treated is that of a sinusoidally modulated input signal. As a paradigm for the encoding stage we employ the I.P.F.M. (Integral Pulse Frequency Modulator). An exact solution for the times of occurrence of output impulses is offered. This solution permits us to treat some curious beat phenomena that are found if an I.P.F.M. is excited with a frequency that is in a nearly rational ratio to the steady state output frequency of the I.P.F.M. It is shown that an I.P.F.M. is a phase sensitive device. In order to avoid a phase sensitivity of the complete signal transmission link, we consider a group of encoders feeding their signals into the decoding stage. For such a group it is meaningful to talk about the momentaneous interpulse interval. We derive the interval histogram and the spectral decomposition of this momentaneous interval. It is shown that the spectrum is very different from the spectrum derived by Bayly (1968) of the output signal of a single I.P.F.M. Two extreme types of decoding mechanisms lead to different transfer functions for the complete signal transmission link, both of which are shown to be of some neurophysiological relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...