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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1971-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 93 (1971), S. 2795-2796 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of Polyalkylthio- and Polyarylthiomethanes, -ethanes and -ethylenes from Metalated OrthotrithioformatesAliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aromatic thioles are converted to orthotrithioesters in good yields by treatment with trimethyl orthoformate in the presence of Lewis acids; open chain, monocyclic and bicyclic derivatives 4a-s and 8 are prepared. Methods for the unambiguous synthesis of tristhiomethanes with two different RS-groups are described. Metalated orthotrithioformates 1 are obtained form 4 and n-butyllithium in THF at -70° as shown by quantitative isolation of the 1.1.1-tristhioethanes 5 after reaction with iodomethane. The organometallic compounds 1 decompose to give tetrakisthioethylenes 6. Decomposition takes place, thermally“ between -50 and -20° in the case of open chain alkyl derivatives 1 while the aryl analogs must be, decomposed“ with cyclohexene epoxide. The tetrakisthiomethanes 7, 9, 17, 18 and 19 are prepared form metalated formaldehyde dithioacetals or orthotrithioformates and disulfides.
    Notes: Aliphatische, cycloaliphatische und aromatische Thiole liefern in Gegenwart von Lewis-Säure mit Orthoameisensäure-trimethylester in guten Ausbeuten die offenkettigen, monocyclischen und bicyclischen Trithioester 4a-s und 8. Methoden zur gezielten Herstellung von Derivaten mit zwei verschiedenen RS-Gruppen werden beschrieben. Die Orthotrithioester werden bei -70° in THF durch Butyllithium quantitativ zu 1 metalliert. Aus den Metallderivaten 1 und Methyljodid entstehen die 1.1.1-Tris-mercapto-äthane 5. Zerfall von 1 liefert die Tetrakis-mercapto-äthylene 6; die alkylsubstituierten Verbindungen 1 zerfallen schon bei Temperaturen zwischen -50 und -20°; um Tetrakis-arylmercapto-äthylene herzustellen, muß man die entsprechenden Verbindungen 1 mit Cyclohexenoxid, zersetzen“. Thiolierungen von metallierten Formaldehyd-dithioacetalen und Orthotrithioameisensäureestern mit Disulfiden führen zu den Tetrakis-mercapto-methanen 7, 9, 17, 18 und 19.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 107 (1974), S. 1748-1763 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Asymmetric Hydrogenation with 1,4-Bis(dimethylamino)-(2S,3S)- and -(2R,3R)-butane-2,3-dio(DBD)/Lithium Aluminium HydrideThe diaminodiol 6 (DBD) mentioned inthe in the title is readily available in two steps from commercial diethyl tartrate. It reacts with lithium aluminium hydride (LAH) or deuteride to give chirally modified 1:1-complexes which reduce aldehydes, ketones, and ozonides to optically active carbinols in optical yields of up to 75%. Since both enantiomers of DBD are to accessible, both dextro- and levo-rotatory products may be prepared at will. DBD is easily separated from products and recovered without loss of activity. The (-)- DBD-LAH-complex reduces both dialkyl and aryl alkyl ketones to give samples enantiomerically enriched with carbinols of (S)- configuration, while the (+)-DBD-complex acts the other way around. This result is independent of the mode of preparation of the complex, of the ratio of reducing reagent over substrate, of addition of alcohols or water, of reaction temperature, or solvent. The effects of some of these influences upon the optical yields are large. Optimum conditions are given; the efficiency of the DBD-LAH-complex is compared with similar chirally modified LAH derivatives already known. A mechanism explaining the stereochemical results is proposed.
    Notes: Das aus Weinsäureester in zwei Stufen leicht zugängliche, im Titel genannte Diaminodiol 6 (DBD) setzt sich mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid (LAH) und -deuterid zu chiral modifizierten 1: 1-Komplexen um. Diese reduzieren Aldehyde, Ketone und Ozonide zu opt. aktiven Carbinolen in optischen Ausbeuten bis zu 75%. Da beide Enantiomeren von DBD zugänglich sind, lassen sich gezielt (+)- oder (-)-drehende Produkte darstellen. DBD ist von den Produkten bequem abtrennbar und ohne opt. Verluste zurückgewinnbar. Mit (-)-DBD-LAH- Komplex entstehen Dialkyl- und Alkyl-aryl- carbinole mit (S)-, aus dem enantiomeren Komplex mit (R)-Konfiguration des Überschußenantiomeren. Dies ist völlig unabhängig von Darstellungsmodus des Komplexes, molarem Verhältnis von Reduktionsmittel und Substrat, Zusätzen von Alkoholen oder Wasser, Reaktionstemperatur oder -lösungsmittel. Die Einflüsse dieser Faktoren auf die opt. Ausbeuten, für die optimale Bedingungen angegeben werden, sind indessen zum Teil groß. Vergleiche mit bekannten Komplexen aus LAH und anderen chiralen Liganden werden gezogen. Es wird ein Vorschlag zur Erklärung der stereochemischen Befunde gemacht.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 2316-2333 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Asymmetric Synthesis in Photo-, Electro-, and Alkali Metali-Pinacolizations of Benzaldehyde and Phenones in the Chiral Medium DDBPhotochemical pinacolization of benzaldehyde, acetophenone, propiophenone, pivalophenone, 1-tetralone, and 3-benzoylpyridine in (S,S)-( + )-1,4-bis(dimethylamino)-2,3-dimethoxybutane (DDB, 1)/pentane, toluene, or methanol furnishes optically active diols 6-11 (opt. yields up to 23%). The absolute configuration of the excess enantiomers of 6 and 7a is R,R. Likewise, electrochemical reduction of acetophenone in DDB/methanol with LiBr as electrolyte gives (R,R)-6-enriched pinacole. Photolysis under electrolysis conditions [eq. (2), tables 1 and 2] confirms that pinacole formation in the electrochemical process occurs within the solvent remote from the electrode. Acetophenone pinacole (6) obtained by reduction with Li-metal in DDB in the presence of naphthalene is also optically active (ca. 7%). The use and limits of these asymmetric syntheses for the facile preparation of optically active samples, for meso/d,l-assignments, and for mechanistic investigations is briefly discussed.
    Notes: Photochemische Pinakolisierung von Benzaldehyd, Acetophenon, Propiophenon, Pivalophenon, 1-Tetralon und 3-Benzoylpyridin in (S,S)-( + )-1,4-Bis(dimethylamino)-2,3-dimethoxybutan (DDB, 1)/Pentan, Toluol oder Methanol führt zu optisch aktiven Diolen 6-11 (opt. Ausb. bis 23%). Die absolute Konfiguration des im Überschuß gebildeten Enantiomeren von 6 und 7a ist R,R. Elektrolytische Reduktion von Acetophenon in DDB/Methanol mit LiBr als Leitsalz liefert eben-falls an (R,R)-6 angereichertes Pinakol. Photolyse unter Elektrolysebedingungen [G1. (2), Tab. 1 und 2] bestätigt, daß die Pinakolbildung bei der Elektrolyse im Medium und nicht an der Elektrode erfolgt. Auch mit Li/Naphthalin aus Acetophenon in DDB hergestelltes 6 ist zu etwa 7% optisch aktiv. Bedeutung und Grenzen dieser asymmetrischen Synthesen für die bequeme Herstellung optisch aktiver Proben, für meso/d,l-Zuordnungen und für mechanistische Untersuchungen werden kurz diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of Auxiliaries for Asymmetric Syntheses from Tartaric Acid. Additions of Butyllithium to Aldehydes in Chiral Media.Chiral derivatives of the complexing 1,2-diheterosubstituted ethanes A-D are prepared from tartaric acid. The key starting materials are the succinic acid derivative 1, the dioxolane 2a, and the diamide 3a. These are converted to the ethers, alkoxyamines, and alkylthio-amines listed in the first column of Table 2 which also contains the derivatives 21c, 22d, and 23d made from lactic acid, malic acid, and proline, respectively. It is shown that the highest optical yields (up to 40%) in reactions of butyllithium with aldehydes are obtained when mixtures of (-)-1,2,3,4-tetramethoxy-butane (4b), (+)-2,3-dimethoxy-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,4-butanediamine (17a), and (-)-1,4-dimethoxy-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-2,3-butanediamine (14c) with pentane are used at temperatures down to -150° and ratios of auxiliary/butyllithium of up to 10:1 (see equation (1), Tables 2-4).
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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