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  • 1
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    The rewards of restraint in the collective regulation of foraging by harvester ant colonies (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-17
    Description: Collective behaviour, arising from local interactions, allows groups to respond to changing conditions. Long-term studies have shown that the traits of individual mammals and birds are associated with their reproductive success, but little is known about the evolutionary ecology of collective behaviour in natural populations. An ant colony operates without central control, regulating its activity through a network of local interactions. This work shows that variation among harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) colonies in collective response to changing conditions is related to variation in colony lifetime reproductive success in the production of offspring colonies. Desiccation costs are high for harvester ants foraging in the desert. More successful colonies tend to forage less when conditions are dry, and show relatively stable foraging activity when conditions are more humid. Restraint from foraging does not compromise a colony's long-term survival; colonies that fail to forage at all on many days survive as long, over the colony's 20-30-year lifespan, as those that forage more regularly. Sensitivity to conditions in which to reduce foraging activity may be transmissible from parent to offspring colony. These results indicate that natural selection is shaping the collective behaviour that regulates foraging activity, and that the selection pressure, related to climate, may grow stronger if the current drought in their habitat persists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gordon, Deborah M -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jun 6;498(7452):91-3. doi: 10.1038/nature12137. Epub 2013 May 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020, USA. dmgordon@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23676676" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Droughts ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Female ; *Group Processes ; Humidity ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; Reproduction/physiology ; Reward ; Selection, Genetic ; Social Dominance ; Survival Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Immunogenicity of synthetic peptides from circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-24
    Description: In a study of recombinant proteins that might be useful in developing a vaccine against malaria, synthetic peptides from the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum were found to be immunogenic for mice and rabbits. Antibody to peptides from the repeating region of the CS protein recognized native CS protein and blocked sporozoite invasion of human hepatoma cells in vitro. Antibodies to peptides from regions I and II had no biologic activity, although antibody to region I recognized processed CS protein by Western blot analysis. These data support the feasibility of developing a vaccine against the sporozoite stage of the malaria parasite by using synthetic peptides of the repeating region of the CS protein conjugated to a carrier protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ballou, W R -- Rothbard, J -- Wirtz, R A -- Gordon, D M -- Williams, J S -- Gore, R W -- Schneider, I -- Hollingdale, M R -- Beaudoin, R L -- Maloy, W L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 24;228(4702):996-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2988126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line ; Cross Reactions ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Liver Neoplasms ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Mice ; Peptides/chemical synthesis/*immunology ; Plasmodium/immunology ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology/physiology ; Precipitin Tests ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Rabbits ; Vaccines/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Efficacy of murine malaria sporozoite vaccines: implications for human vaccine development (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-04-24
    Description: As part of a study of potential vaccines against malaria, the protective efficacy of sporozoite subunit vaccines was determined by using the Plasmodium berghei murine malaria model. Mice were immunized with recombinant DNA-produced or synthetic peptide-carrier subunit vaccines derived from the repetitive epitopes of the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite gene, or with radiation-attenuated sporozoites. Immunization with subunit vaccines elicited humoral responses that were equivalent to or greater than those elicited by irradiated sporozoites, yet the protection against sporozoite challenge induced by either of the subunit vaccines was far less than that achieved by immunization with attenuated sporozoites. Passive and adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that subunit vaccines elicited predominantly antibody-mediated protection that was easily overcome whereas irradiated sporozoites induced potent cell-mediated immunity that protected against high challenge doses of sporozoites. These studies indicate that new strategies designed to induce cellular immunity will be required for efficacious sporozoite vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Egan, J E -- Weber, J L -- Ballou, W R -- Hollingdale, M R -- Majarian, W R -- Gordon, D M -- Maloy, W L -- Hoffman, S L -- Wirtz, R A -- Schneider, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Apr 24;236(4800):453-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3551073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigens, Protozoan ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunization, Passive ; Malaria/*prevention & control ; Mice ; Oligopeptides/immunology ; Plasmodium berghei/*immunology ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology ; *Vaccines, Synthetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Framework for Plant Behavior (1989)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 20 (1989), S. 349-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.002025
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilateral asymmetry of Diplostomum infections in the eyes of lake whitefish Coregonm clupeaformis (Mitchill) and a computer simulation of the observed metacercarial distribution (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 2 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Fifty-four per cent of the specimens in a sample of 147 lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from northern Quebec exhibited a pronounced lack of bilateral symmetry in the distribution of metacercariae of the genus Diplostomum. This asymmetry was shown not to be a product of chance. A comparable degree of asymmetry was generated by a computer simulation incorporating a positive feedback mechanism. The simulation and the biological significance of such asymmetry are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1979.tb00171.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The frequency distribution of tetracotyles of Apatemon gracilis pellucidus (Yamaguti, 1933) in stickleback Culaea inconstans (Kirtland) populations of homogeneous age and size structure (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 1 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The frequency distribution of tetracotyles of Apatemon gracilis pellucidus in natural populations of brook sticklebacks Culaea inconstans homogeneous for age and size were fitted to negative binomial curves. Values of k were unusually high while the degree of overdispersion was correspondingly low. It is suggested that these properties of the distributions are a function of the homogeneity of the host population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1978.tb00028.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors determining the functional response of the parasitoid Venturia canescens (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 50 (1989), S. 3-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Venturia canescens ; fecundity ; functional response ; egg maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le parasitoïde V. canescens produit 251±45 descendants au cours de sa vie. Les adultes ont à l'émergence 23,7±1,1 oeufs dans leurs oviductes ou descendant des ovarioles vers les oviductes à la vitesse de 1,78±0,06 oeuf/heure. II y avait une corrélation linéaire positive entre le temps dépensé par l'ichneumonide à sonder le substrat pour découvrir la larve d'un hôte et le nombre d'oeufs présents dans les oviductes. L'effectif d'oeufs pondus était proportionnel au temps passé à sonder. Le temps nécessaire à la maturation des oeufs et la relation entre le comportement de prospection et le nombre d'oeufs disponibles contribuent à limiter la vitesse de production de descendants au cours des expériences de réactions fonctionnelles. Ces facteurs ne limitent vraisemblablement pas le succès de la reproduction dans les conditions naturelles, à moins que le taux de rencontre des hôtes ne dépasse la vitesse de maturation des oeufs.
    Notes: Abstract A series of experiments were undertaken to determine the factors responsible for the maximum number of hosts attacked by the parasitoid Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae) in the course of functional response experiments. Egg limitation is not a constraint on the maximum number of parasitoid progeny produced per day. Rather, the constraints arise from the requirement that eggs must be moved from the ovarioles to the oviducts and the rate at which this occurs, together with the existence of a positive relationship between the rate of parasitoid searching behaviour and the number of eggs in the oviducts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190121
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in the abundance of animal and plant species (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 296 (1982), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Random or chance events play a major role in the population dynamics of all organisms. In any given time interval there is only a certain probability that an organism will die or give birth, or that an immigrant will arrive or emigrant leave, partly as a consequence of the intrinsically discrete ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/296245a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral interactions of the invasive Argentine ant with native ant species (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words:Linepithema humile, aggression, behavior, resource competition, interference, invasion, Argentine ant.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, has invaded many areas of the world, displacing native ants. Its behavior may contribute to its competitive success. Staged and natural encounters were observed at food resources in the field, between Argentine ants and eight ant species native to northern California. There was no relation between the frequency of aggression by any ant species and the outcome of encounters, though Argentine ants were more likely than ants of native species to behave aggressively. When an ant of one species initiated an encounter of any kind with an ant of another species, the ant that did not initiate was likely to retreat. This was true of all species studied. Most encounters between ants were initiated by Argentine ants. Thus the native species tended to retreat more frequently than Argentine ants. Interactions between Argentine ants and native species at food resources, causing ants of native species to retreat, may help Argentine ants to displace native species from invaded areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050127
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ecology and evolution of bacteriocins (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1996), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: bacteriocins ; colicins ; evolution ; ecology ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this review we focus on the ecological and evolutionary forces that determine the frequency and diversity of colicins inEscherichia coli. To begin, we describe that this killing phenotype is ubiquitous inE. coli, with as many as 50% of the isolates from a population producing colicin toxins, and that each population sampled has its own unique distribution of the more than 20 known colicin types. Next, we explore the dynamics of colicinogeny, which exhibits a typical form of frequency dependence, where the likelihood of successful colicin invasion into a population increases as the initial density of colicinogenic cells increases. We then incorporate thoughts on the evolution of chromosomal resistance to colicins and describe how resistance might influence the dynamics of colicinogen invasion and maintenance and the resulting colicin diversity. The final section deals with a genetic and phylogenetic characterization of colicins and a discussion of the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for generating colicin diversity. In this final section we provide details of the different molecular mechanisms known to play a role in generating colicin diversity, including the two most dominant forces in colincin evolution: recombination and positive, deversifying, selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01574688
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