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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral interactions of the invasive Argentine ant with native ant species (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words:Linepithema humile, aggression, behavior, resource competition, interference, invasion, Argentine ant.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, has invaded many areas of the world, displacing native ants. Its behavior may contribute to its competitive success. Staged and natural encounters were observed at food resources in the field, between Argentine ants and eight ant species native to northern California. There was no relation between the frequency of aggression by any ant species and the outcome of encounters, though Argentine ants were more likely than ants of native species to behave aggressively. When an ant of one species initiated an encounter of any kind with an ant of another species, the ant that did not initiate was likely to retreat. This was true of all species studied. Most encounters between ants were initiated by Argentine ants. Thus the native species tended to retreat more frequently than Argentine ants. Interactions between Argentine ants and native species at food resources, causing ants of native species to retreat, may help Argentine ants to displace native species from invaded areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050127
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of O2, pH and DIC on photosynthetic net-O2 evolution by marine macroalgae (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 106 (1990), S. 445-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Net photosynthetic O2 evolution by five marine macroalgae:Ulva lactuca L.,Enteromorpha sp.,Ceramium strictum Harvey,Fucus serratus L., andF. vesiculosus L., collected from Danish waters in the summer of 1983 was followed at increasing O2 and with pH either fixed close to pH 7, 8 or 9, or drifting upwards during photosynthesis in a closed chamber to determine the effects of changing O2, pH and DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) on photosynthesis. Increasing O2, increasing pH and decreasing DIC together limited O2 evolution. Raising the O2 concentration with pH and DIC held constant resulted in less inhibition of net-O2 evolution than when all three factors acted together. The O2 inhibition of photosynthesis was similar to the reported O2 inhibition of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase isolated from lower and higher plants. Net-O2 evolution as a function of the molar ratio of O2 to HCO− 3 + CO2 in solution provided a general, linear relationship (r 2 = 0.72 to 0.84), predicting inhibition of photosynthesis based on O2 pH and DIC changing together. Slopes of this relationship, representing competition between O2 and carbon based on external concentrations, were similar for the five taxonomically different algae, suggesting that similar processes act to reduce net-O2 evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01344325
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential ability of marine and freshwater macrophytes to utilize HCO 3 - and CO2 (1984)
    Springer
    Marine biology 80 (1984), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six marine macroalgae and two angiosperms were examined for their ability to use HCO 3 - and CO2 for photosynthesis. All species used HCO 3 - despite wide taxonomic differences. They also used HCO 3 - with high affinity: natural HCO 3 - concentrations (2.2 mM) were close to saturation, and the apparent half-saturation constants were low, i.e. K1/2 (HCO 3 - )=0.54 to 0.80 mM HCO 3 - . Expressed as a ratio, the affinity for CO2 relative to HCO 3 - under rate-limiting concentrations was about 2 for the marine species compared to much higher values, 5.4 to 101, among freshwater species examined previously. This difference was due to a higher affinity for HCO 3 - among marine species, whereas the affinity for CO2 was in the same range for marine and freshwater species, i.e. K1/2 (CO2)=0.08 to 0.30 mM. The high affinity for HCO 3 - of marine species is consistent with the high and constant availability of HCO 3 - and the low availability of CO2 in seawater. In freshwaters, availability of HCO 3 - and CO2 varies considerably, depending on habitat. The difference in HCO 3 - affinity may be due to different electrogenic ionpumps and thus mechanisms of HCO 3 - -use, operating in freshwater and marine species. Photosynthetic rates in natural seawater were close to maximum at atmospheric equilibrium (pH 8.2 to 8.4) and declined at high pH approaching zero between pH 9.5 and 10.5. This reduction may be due to the conversion of HCO 3 - to CO 3 - , followed by CaCO3 precipitation, and/or to a direct pH-effect. Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha sp. retained photosynthetic activity at the highest pH tested (10.5), consistent with the high pH recorded in mats of these species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392819
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Framework for Plant Behavior (1989)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 20 (1989), S. 349-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.002025
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilateral asymmetry of Diplostomum infections in the eyes of lake whitefish Coregonm clupeaformis (Mitchill) and a computer simulation of the observed metacercarial distribution (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 2 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Fifty-four per cent of the specimens in a sample of 147 lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from northern Quebec exhibited a pronounced lack of bilateral symmetry in the distribution of metacercariae of the genus Diplostomum. This asymmetry was shown not to be a product of chance. A comparable degree of asymmetry was generated by a computer simulation incorporating a positive feedback mechanism. The simulation and the biological significance of such asymmetry are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1979.tb00171.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The frequency distribution of tetracotyles of Apatemon gracilis pellucidus (Yamaguti, 1933) in stickleback Culaea inconstans (Kirtland) populations of homogeneous age and size structure (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 1 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The frequency distribution of tetracotyles of Apatemon gracilis pellucidus in natural populations of brook sticklebacks Culaea inconstans homogeneous for age and size were fitted to negative binomial curves. Values of k were unusually high while the degree of overdispersion was correspondingly low. It is suggested that these properties of the distributions are a function of the homogeneity of the host population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1978.tb00028.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in the abundance of animal and plant species (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 296 (1982), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Random or chance events play a major role in the population dynamics of all organisms. In any given time interval there is only a certain probability that an organism will die or give birth, or that an immigrant will arrive or emigrant leave, partly as a consequence of the intrinsically discrete ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/296245a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors determining the functional response of the parasitoid Venturia canescens (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 50 (1989), S. 3-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Venturia canescens ; fecundity ; functional response ; egg maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le parasitoïde V. canescens produit 251±45 descendants au cours de sa vie. Les adultes ont à l'émergence 23,7±1,1 oeufs dans leurs oviductes ou descendant des ovarioles vers les oviductes à la vitesse de 1,78±0,06 oeuf/heure. II y avait une corrélation linéaire positive entre le temps dépensé par l'ichneumonide à sonder le substrat pour découvrir la larve d'un hôte et le nombre d'oeufs présents dans les oviductes. L'effectif d'oeufs pondus était proportionnel au temps passé à sonder. Le temps nécessaire à la maturation des oeufs et la relation entre le comportement de prospection et le nombre d'oeufs disponibles contribuent à limiter la vitesse de production de descendants au cours des expériences de réactions fonctionnelles. Ces facteurs ne limitent vraisemblablement pas le succès de la reproduction dans les conditions naturelles, à moins que le taux de rencontre des hôtes ne dépasse la vitesse de maturation des oeufs.
    Notes: Abstract A series of experiments were undertaken to determine the factors responsible for the maximum number of hosts attacked by the parasitoid Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae) in the course of functional response experiments. Egg limitation is not a constraint on the maximum number of parasitoid progeny produced per day. Rather, the constraints arise from the requirement that eggs must be moved from the ovarioles to the oviducts and the rate at which this occurs, together with the existence of a positive relationship between the rate of parasitoid searching behaviour and the number of eggs in the oviducts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190121
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ecology and evolution of bacteriocins (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1996), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: bacteriocins ; colicins ; evolution ; ecology ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this review we focus on the ecological and evolutionary forces that determine the frequency and diversity of colicins inEscherichia coli. To begin, we describe that this killing phenotype is ubiquitous inE. coli, with as many as 50% of the isolates from a population producing colicin toxins, and that each population sampled has its own unique distribution of the more than 20 known colicin types. Next, we explore the dynamics of colicinogeny, which exhibits a typical form of frequency dependence, where the likelihood of successful colicin invasion into a population increases as the initial density of colicinogenic cells increases. We then incorporate thoughts on the evolution of chromosomal resistance to colicins and describe how resistance might influence the dynamics of colicinogen invasion and maintenance and the resulting colicin diversity. The final section deals with a genetic and phylogenetic characterization of colicins and a discussion of the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for generating colicin diversity. In this final section we provide details of the different molecular mechanisms known to play a role in generating colicin diversity, including the two most dominant forces in colincin evolution: recombination and positive, deversifying, selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01574688
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental observations on the specificity ofEchinoparyphium recurvatum toward second intermediate hosts (1983)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 69 (1983), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The infectivity ofEchinoparyphium recurvatum cercariae to 8 species of gastropod snail was examined under laboratory conditions. Seven species were capable of acting as second intermediate hosts. Despite this broad specificity, onlyLymnaea peregra, Physa fontinalis andValvata piscinalis could be considered to show a high degree of compatibility with the parasite. In these 3 snail species more than 65% of the cercariae successfully penetrated and established metacercarial cyst infections. In experimental infections of multi-species host communities the presence ofLymnaea stagnalis, a host of low suitability, reduced the infection rate in suitable snails (L. peregra). This ability to act as a “decoy” snail was not shared, however, by an alternative host of low suitability status, the planorbidGyraulus albus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00926956
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