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  • 1
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    Prions are a common mechanism for phenotypic inheritance in wild yeasts (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-18
    Description: The self-templating conformations of yeast prion proteins act as epigenetic elements of inheritance. Yeast prions might provide a mechanism for generating heritable phenotypic diversity that promotes survival in fluctuating environments and the evolution of new traits. However, this hypothesis is highly controversial. Prions that create new traits have not been found in wild strains, leading to the perception that they are rare 'diseases' of laboratory cultivation. Here we biochemically test approximately 700 wild strains of Saccharomyces for [PSI(+)] or [MOT3(+)], and find these prions in many. They conferred diverse phenotypes that were frequently beneficial under selective conditions. Simple meiotic re-assortment of the variation harboured within a strain readily fixed one such trait, making it robust and prion-independent. Finally, we genetically screened for unknown prion elements. Fully one-third of wild strains harboured them. These, too, created diverse, often beneficial phenotypes. Thus, prions broadly govern heritable traits in nature, in a manner that could profoundly expand adaptive opportunities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3319070/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3319070/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halfmann, Randal -- Jarosz, Daniel F -- Jones, Sandra K -- Chang, Amelia -- Lancaster, Alex K -- Lindquist, Susan -- K99 GM098600/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Feb 15;482(7385):363-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10875.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22337056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genotype ; Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Laboratories ; Meiosis ; Peptide Termination Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Phenotype ; Prions/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*classification/cytology/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Hsp90 and environmental stress transform the adaptive value of natural genetic variation (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: How can species remain unaltered for long periods yet also undergo rapid diversification? By linking genetic variation to phenotypic variation via environmental stress, the Hsp90 protein-folding reservoir might promote both stasis and change. However, the nature and adaptive value of Hsp90-contingent traits remain uncertain. In ecologically and genetically diverse yeasts, we find such traits to be both common and frequently adaptive. Most are based on preexisting variation, with causative polymorphisms occurring in coding and regulatory sequences alike. A common temperature stress alters phenotypes similarly. Both selective inhibition of Hsp90 and temperature stress increase correlations between genotype and phenotype. This system broadly determines the adaptive value of standing genetic variation and, in so doing, has influenced the evolution of current genomes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260023/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260023/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jarosz, Daniel F -- Lindquist, Susan -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1820-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1195487.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Biological Evolution ; Crosses, Genetic ; Deoxycholic Acid/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Fungal ; *Genetic Variation ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydroxyurea/pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Open Reading Frames ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Sirolimus/pharmacology ; *Stress, Physiological ; Sulfurtransferases/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Cryptic variation in morphological evolution: HSP90 as a capacitor for loss of eyes in cavefish (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: In the process of morphological evolution, the extent to which cryptic, preexisting variation provides a substrate for natural selection has been controversial. We provide evidence that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) phenotypically masks standing eye-size variation in surface populations of the cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. This variation is exposed by HSP90 inhibition and can be selected for, ultimately yielding a reduced-eye phenotype even in the presence of full HSP90 activity. Raising surface fish under conditions found in caves taxes the HSP90 system, unmasking the same phenotypic variation as does direct inhibition of HSP90. These results suggest that cryptic variation played a role in the evolution of eye loss in cavefish and provide the first evidence for HSP90 as a capacitor for morphological evolution in a natural setting.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4004346/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4004346/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rohner, Nicolas -- Jarosz, Dan F -- Kowalko, Johanna E -- Yoshizawa, Masato -- Jeffery, William R -- Borowsky, Richard L -- Lindquist, Susan -- Tabin, Clifford J -- R01 HD047360/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1372-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1240276.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Characidae/genetics/*growth & development ; Ecosystem ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Eye/*anatomy & histology ; Genetic Variation ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism ; Macrolides/pharmacology ; Organ Size ; Phenotype
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Meeting Report on Experimental Approaches to Evolution and Ecology Using Yeast and Other Model Systems (2017)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-06
    Description: The fourth EMBO-sponsored conference on Experimental Approaches to Evolution and Ecology Using Yeast and Other Model Systems ( https://www.embl.de/training/events/2016/EAE16-01/ ), was held at the EMBL in Heidelberg, Germany, October 19–23, 2016. The conference was organized by Judith Berman (Tel Aviv University), Maitreya Dunham (University of Washington), Jun-Yi Leu (Academia Sinica), and Lars Steinmetz (EMBL Heidelberg and Stanford University). The meeting attracted ~120 researchers from 28 countries and covered a wide range of topics in the fields of genetics, evolutionary biology, and ecology, with a unifying focus on yeast as a model system. Attendees enjoyed the Keith Haring-inspired yeast florescence microscopy artwork ( Figure 1 ), a unique feature of the meeting since its inception, and the 1 min flash talks that catalyzed discussions at two vibrant poster sessions. The meeting coincided with the 20th anniversary of the publication describing the sequence of the first eukaryotic genome, Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Many of the conference talks focused on important questions about what is contained in the genome, how genomes evolve, and the architecture and behavior of communities of phenotypically and genotypically diverse microorganisms. Here, we summarize highlights of the research talks around these themes. Nearly all presentations focused on novel findings, and we refer the reader to relevant manuscripts that have subsequently been published.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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