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  • 1
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    Divergent effects of RIP1 or RIP3 blockade in murine models of acute liver injury (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Divergent effects of RIP1 or RIP3 blockade in murine models of acute liver injury Cell Death and Disease 6, e1759 (May 2015). doi:10.1038/cddis.2015.126 Authors: M Deutsch, C S Graffeo, R Rokosh, M Pansari, A Ochi, E M Levie, E Van Heerden, D M Tippens, S Greco, R Barilla, L Tomkötter, C P Zambirinis, N Avanzi, R Gulati, H L Pachter, A Torres-Hernandez, A Eisenthal, D Daley & G Miller
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Essential role of growth hormone in ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-13
    Description: Retinal neovascularization is the major cause of untreatable blindness. The role of growth hormone (GH) in ischemia-associated retinal neovascularization was studied in transgenic mice expressing a GH antagonist gene and in normal mice given an inhibitor of GH secretion (MK678). Retinal neovascularization was inhibited in these mice in inverse proportion to serum levels of GH and a downstream effector, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Inhibition was reversed with exogenous IGF-I administration. GH inhibition did not diminish hypoxia-stimulated retinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or VEGF receptor expression. These data suggest that systemic inhibition of GH or IGF-I, or both, may have therapeutic potential in preventing some forms of retinopathy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, L E -- Kopchick, J J -- Chen, W -- Knapp, J -- Kinose, F -- Daley, D -- Foley, E -- Smith, R G -- Schaeffer, J M -- EY08670/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 13;276(5319):1706-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. smith_lo@a1.tch.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9180082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Growth Hormone/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/blood/pharmacology/*physiology ; Hormone Antagonists/pharmacology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ischemia ; Lymphokines/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Retinal Neovascularization/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Retinal Vessels ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The necrosome promotes pancreatic oncogenesis via CXCL1 and Mincle-induced immune suppression (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: Neoplastic pancreatic epithelial cells are believed to die through caspase 8-dependent apoptotic cell death, and chemotherapy is thought to promote tumour apoptosis. Conversely, cancer cells often disrupt apoptosis to survive. Another type of programmed cell death is necroptosis (programmed necrosis), but its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is unclear. There are many potential inducers of necroptosis in PDA, including ligation of tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), CD95, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors, Toll-like receptors, reactive oxygen species, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Here we report that the principal components of the necrosome, receptor-interacting protein (RIP)1 and RIP3, are highly expressed in PDA and are further upregulated by the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine. Blockade of the necrosome in vitro promoted cancer cell proliferation and induced an aggressive oncogenic phenotype. By contrast, in vivo deletion of RIP3 or inhibition of RIP1 protected against oncogenic progression in mice and was associated with the development of a highly immunogenic myeloid and T cell infiltrate. The immune-suppressive tumour microenvironment associated with intact RIP1/RIP3 signalling depended in part on necroptosis-induced expression of the chemokine attractant CXCL1, and CXCL1 blockade protected against PDA. Moreover, cytoplasmic SAP130 (a subunit of the histone deacetylase complex) was expressed in PDA in a RIP1/RIP3-dependent manner, and Mincle--its cognate receptor--was upregulated in tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells. Ligation of Mincle by SAP130 promoted oncogenesis, whereas deletion of Mincle protected against oncogenesis and phenocopied the immunogenic reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment that was induced by RIP3 deletion. Cellular depletion suggested that whereas inhibitory macrophages promote tumorigenesis in PDA, they lose their immune-suppressive effects when RIP3 or Mincle is deleted. Accordingly, T cells, which are not protective against PDA progression in mice with intact RIP3 or Mincle signalling, are reprogrammed into indispensable mediators of anti-tumour immunity in the absence of RIP3 or Mincle. Our work describes parallel networks of necroptosis-induced CXCL1 and Mincle signalling that promote macrophage-induced adaptive immune suppression and thereby enable PDA progression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4833566/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4833566/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seifert, Lena -- Werba, Gregor -- Tiwari, Shaun -- Giao Ly, Nancy Ngoc -- Alothman, Sara -- Alqunaibit, Dalia -- Avanzi, Antonina -- Barilla, Rocky -- Daley, Donnele -- Greco, Stephanie H -- Torres-Hernandez, Alejandro -- Pergamo, Matthew -- Ochi, Atsuo -- Zambirinis, Constantinos P -- Pansari, Mridul -- Rendon, Mauricio -- Tippens, Daniel -- Hundeyin, Mautin -- Mani, Vishnu R -- Hajdu, Cristina -- Engle, Dannielle -- Miller, George -- CA155649/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA168611/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA193111/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA016087/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA168611/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA193111/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000038/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):245-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17403. Epub 2016 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; *Carcinogenesis/drug effects ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Chemokine CXCL1/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Lectins, C-Type/immunology/*metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Necrosis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastically monotone Markov Chains (1968)
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 10 (1968), S. 305-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A real-valued discrete time Markov Chain {X n} is defined to be stochastically monotone when its one-step transition probability function pr {X n+1≦y¦ X n=x} is non-increasing in x for every fixed y. This class of Markov Chains arises in a natural way when it is sought to “bound” (stochastically speaking) the process {X n} by means of a “smaller” or “larger” process with the same transition probabilities; the class includes many simple models of applied probability theory. Further, a given stochastically monotone Markov Chain can readily be “bounded” by another chain {Y n}, with possibly different transition probabilities and not necessarily stochastically monotone, and this is of particular value when the latter process leads to simpler algebraic manipulations. A stationary stochastically monotone Markov Chain {X n} has cov(f(X 0), f(X n)) ≧ cov(f(X 0), f(X n+1))≧0 (n =1, 2,...) for any monotonic function f(·). The paper also investigates the definition of stochastic monotonicity on a more general state space, and the properties of integer-valued stochastically monotone Markov Chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00531852
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further results on the survival of a gene represented in a founder population (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 14 (1982), S. 355-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Gene survival ; Founder population ; Selective advantage ; Differential reproductive rates ; Ultimate homozygosity ; Polymorphism ; Martingale methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with gene survival in a population which may increase without density dependence according to a generalization of the Moran model for haploid individuals. A selective advantage to one allele and the possibility of differential reproductive rates are allowed. Simple conditions are given for ultimate homozygosity to be certain and for the possibility of ultimate polymorphism. The results complement and extend those of Heyde (1981, 1982).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275398
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of the excitability of cockroach giant interneurons during walking (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 138 (1980), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The giant interneurons (GI's) of the cockroachPeriplaneta americana are morphologically divisible into dorsal and ventral groups within each connective of the ventral nerve cord (VNC). During walking there is simultaneous excitation of dorsal GI's and inhibition of ventral GI's (Figs. 1, 2, 5 and 6). 2. The mean firing frequency of each of the six dorsal GI's increases as the animal's speed of walking increases. In an analogous manner, the amount of inhibition of the six large ventral GI's increases as the speed of walking increases (Figs. 6 and 7). 3. Computer-aided analysis of intracellular records of GI firing during walking in suspended preparations indicated that at the slow speeds of walking tested, spike activity of all three pairs of dorsal GI's is not closely coupled to any particular phase in the stepping cycle. 4. The inhibition of ventral GI activity doesn't build up over time. It begins when the animal begins stepping and stops when the animal stops stepping (Fig. 5) as has been shown previously for excitatory modulation of dorsal GI's (Delcomyn and Daley, 1979). 5. These results suggest that the morphological division of GI's into dorsal and ventral groups has a physiological correlate. The dual modulation of GI activity during walking is discussed in relation to the animal's escape behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657041
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of the excitability of cockroach giant interneurons during walking (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 138 (1980), S. 241-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. There are two morphologically distinct groups of giant interneurons (GI's) in the American cockroach. The excitability of each of these groups is modulated during walking. The dorsal group of GI's (cells 5, 6, and 7) is excited while the ventral group of GI's (cells 1, 2, and 3) is inhibited. Here we show that there are both central and peripheral components to both the excitatory and inhibitory modulation. 2. Intracellular recordings were made from identified dorsal GI's (cells 5, 6, and 7) before and after severing the ventral nerve cord (VNC) anterior to the recording site. Severing the nerve cord greatly reduced the frequency of firing of all three dorsal GI's during walking (Fig. 1 and 2). Covering over the cerci (wind-sensitive abdominal appendages) with petroleum jelly further reduced the firing frequency of dorsal GI's during walking to the normal background level (compare Fig. 1 C and D). These results suggest that the major source of excitation of dorsal GI's during walking descends the VNC from thoracic or higher nervous centers. 3. Following deafferentation of thoracic and abdominal ganglia (only the paired cereal nerves and interganglionic connectives were left intact) intracellular recordings from identified dorsal GI's showed that these GI's were still excited during repetitive bursts of activity in leg motoneurons (Fig. 5) indicating that sensory input concomitant with walking was not the primary source of descending excitation. 4. The inhibitory modulation of ventral GI (cells 1, 2 and 3) excitability was investigated by comparing the sound responsiveness of individual ventral GI's to 50 Hz tone pulses in animals which were quiescent to that of the same ventral GI during bursts of motor activity in deafferented animals. Deafferentation experiments performed on ventral GI's 1, 2 and 3 all show that their sound responsiveness was reduced during bursts of leg motoneuron activity (Fig. 5). These results suggest that inhibitory modulation of the three large ventrally located GI's also has a central origin and is activated by the animal's walking. 5. Peripheral inhibitory modulation of ventral GI activity during walking was revealed in experiments performed on animals with ventral nerve cords cut anterior to the recording site. Intracellular recordings from these animals showed that the sound responsiveness of the three large ventral GI's (cells 1, 2 and 3) was still reduced during walking. These results suggest that during walking inhibitory modulation of ventral GI's originates from peripheral as well as central sources. 6. Sound responsiveness experiments with identified dorsal GI's showed that sensory input summates with descending excitation during walking to yield a greater number of spikes per tone pulse. When central descending pathways were cut, the increased sound responsiveness of dorsal GI's during walking was eliminated. Thus, when central descending input to dorsal GI's was eliminated, sound responsiveness was identical during resting and walking. 7. These results are discussed in relation to the organization and functional roles of the walking-associated modulation of GI excitability. It is argued that the central descending pathways dominate the observed modulation and that these pathways provide the most effective means of controlling GI excitability during walking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657042
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Non-existence of Stationary Infinite Newtonian Universes and a Multi-dimensional Model of Shot Noise (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 227 (1970), S. 935-935 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Now, if this model is to be at all realistic, it must have the property of stationarity. That is, if our point is taken not at the origin (which for equation (1) is the centre of the sphere R) but at t, say, then by starting from (2) and proceeding to the limit with R and N~^co as before, then ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/227935a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemics and Rumours (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 204 (1964), S. 1118-1118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To illustrate this point (but not to advance the model per se), let us divide the (finite, closed, homogeneously mixing) population into three mutually exclusive and exhaustive classes: Class No. Rumour interpretation Epidemic interpretation X x Has not heard rumour Susceptible to disease Y y ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2041118a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does mitochondrial DNA length influence the frequency of spontaneous petite mutants in yeasts? (1981)
    Springer
    Current genetics 4 (1981), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Petite positive yeasts ; Petite mutation ; Random excision hypothesis ; mtDNA length
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Results from the theory of random walks applied to the random excision hypothesis for production of petite mutants in yeast suggest that frequency of excision should increase as a linear function of mitochondrial DNA length (see appendix). For a series of petite positive yeasts we have determined the spontaneous petite frequency (ranging from about 0.003% to 9%) and length of mtDNA (ranging from about 19 Kbp to c. 108 Kbp) and found that, while the frequency of petite mutants does generally increase with mtDNA length, the relationship is far from linear. Although these results are inconclusive concerning the random excision hypothesis they do indicate that amongst related yeasts other factors have a greater influence than mtDNA length in determining the frequency of petite mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376779
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