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  • 1
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    Complex seismic trace attributes (1988)
    In:  Geophysics: The Leading Edge of Exploration, Tokyo, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 22-26, pp. L11604, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Complex trace anal.
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Nonlinear Fitness Consequences of Variation in Expression Level of a Eukaryotic Gene (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: Levels of gene expression show considerable variation in eukaryotes, but no fine-scale maps have been made of the fitness consequences of such variation in controlled genetic backgrounds and environments. To address this, we assayed fitness at many levels of up- and down-regulated expression of a single essential gene, LCB2 , involved in sphingolipid synthesis in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Reduced LCB2 expression rapidly decreases cellular fitness, yet increased expression has little effect. The wild-type expression level is therefore perched on the edge of a nonlinear fitness cliff. LCB2 is upregulated when cells are exposed to osmotic stress; consistent with this, the entire fitness curve is shifted upward to higher expression under osmotic stress, illustrating the selective force behind gene regulation. Expression levels of LCB2 are lower in wild yeast strains than in the experimental lab strain, suggesting that higher levels in the lab strain may be idiosyncratic. Reports indicate that the effect sizes of alleles contributing to variation in complex phenotypes differ among environments and genetic backgrounds; our results suggest that such differences may be explained as simple shifts in the position of nonlinear fitness curves.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch: a Discussion Paper by a Working Group of INTIMATE (Integration of ice-core, marine and terrestrial records) and the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (International Commission on Stratigraphy) (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-31
    Description: This discussion paper, by a Working Group of INTIMATE (Integration of ice-core, marine and terrestrial records) and the Subcommision on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), considers the prospects for a formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch. Although previous attempts to subdivide the Holocene have proved inconclusive, recent developments in Quaternary stratigraphy, notably the definition of the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary and the emergence of formal subdivisions of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, mean that it may be timely to revisit this matter. The Quaternary literature reveals a widespread but variable informal usage of a tripartite division of the Holocene (‘early’, ‘middle’ or ‘mid’, and ‘late’), and we argue that this de facto subdivision should now be formalized to ensure consistency in stratigraphic terminology. We propose an Early–Middle Holocene Boundary at 8200 a BP and a Middle–Late Holocene Boundary at 4200 a BP, each of which is linked to a Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). Should the proposal find a broad measure of support from the Quaternary community, a submission will be made to the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), via the SQS and the ICS, for formal ratification of this subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0267-8179
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1417
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Multiple emergences of genetically diverse amphibian-infecting chytrids include a globalized hypervirulent recombinant lineage [Ecology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-16
    Description: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a globally ubiquitous fungal infection that has emerged to become a primary driver of amphibian biodiversity loss. Despite widespread effort to understand the emergence of this panzootic, the origins of the infection, its patterns of global spread, and principle mode of evolution remain largely unknown. Using comparative population genomics, we discovered three deeply diverged lineages of Bd associated with amphibians. Two of these lineages were found in multiple continents and are associated with known introductions by the amphibian trade. We found that isolates belonging to one clade, the global panzootic lineage (BdGPL) have emerged across at least five continents during the 20th century and are associated with the onset of epizootics in North America, Central America, the Caribbean, Australia, and Europe. The two newly identified divergent lineages, Cape lineage (BdCAPE) and Swiss lineage (BdCH), were found to differ in morphological traits when compared against one another and BdGPL, and we show that BdGPL is hypervirulent. BdGPL uniquely bears the hallmarks of genomic recombination, manifested as extensive intergenomic phylogenetic conflict and patchily distributed heterozygosity. We postulate that contact between previously genetically isolated allopatric populations of Bd may have allowed recombination to occur, resulting in the generation, spread, and invasion of the hypervirulent BdGPL leading to contemporary disease-driven losses in amphibian biodiversity.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Holocene thinning of the Greenland ice sheet (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: On entering an era of global warming, the stability of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) is an important concern, especially in the light of new evidence of rapidly changing flow and melt conditions at the GIS margins. Studying the response of the GIS to past climatic change may help to advance our understanding of GIS dynamics. The previous interpretation of evidence from stable isotopes (delta(18)O) in water from GIS ice cores was that Holocene climate variability on the GIS differed spatially and that a consistent Holocene climate optimum-the unusually warm period from about 9,000 to 6,000 years ago found in many northern-latitude palaeoclimate records-did not exist. Here we extract both the Greenland Holocene temperature history and the evolution of GIS surface elevation at four GIS locations. We achieve this by comparing delta(18)O from GIS ice cores with delta(18)O from ice cores from small marginal icecaps. Contrary to the earlier interpretation of delta(18)O evidence from ice cores, our new temperature history reveals a pronounced Holocene climatic optimum in Greenland coinciding with maximum thinning near the GIS margins. Our delta(18)O-based results are corroborated by the air content of ice cores, a proxy for surface elevation. State-of-the-art ice sheet models are generally found to be underestimating the extent and changes in GIS elevation and area; our findings may help to improve the ability of models to reproduce the GIS response to Holocene climate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vinther, B M -- Buchardt, S L -- Clausen, H B -- Dahl-Jensen, D -- Johnsen, S J -- Fisher, D A -- Koerner, R M -- Raynaud, D -- Lipenkov, V -- Andersen, K K -- Blunier, T -- Rasmussen, S O -- Steffensen, J P -- Svensson, A M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):385-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08355.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark. bo@gfy.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altitude ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Greenland ; History, Ancient ; *Ice Cover ; Oxygen/analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Penny ice cap cores, baffin island, canada, and the wisconsinan foxe dome connection: two states of hudson bay ice cover (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-10
    Description: Ice cores from Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada, provide continuous Holocene records of oxygen isotopic composition (delta18O, proxy for temperature) and atmospheric impurities. A time scale was established with the use of altered seasonal variations, some volcanic horizons, and the age for the end of the Wisconsin ice age determined from the GRIP and GISP2 ice cores. There is pre-Holocene ice near the bed. The change in delta18O since the last glacial maximum (LGM) is at least 12.5 per mil, compared with an expected value of 7 per mil, suggesting that LGM ice originated at the much higher elevations of the then existing Foxe Dome and Foxe Ridge of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The LGM delta18O values suggest thick ice frozen to the bed of Hudson Bay.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher -- Koerner -- Bourgeois -- Zielinski -- Wake -- Hammer -- Clausen -- Gundestrup -- Johnsen -- Goto-Azuma -- Hondoh -- Blake -- Gerasimoff -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 30;279(5351):692-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉D. A. Fisher, R. M. Koerner, J. C. Bourgeois, Terrain Sciences Division, Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8, Canada. G. Zielinski and C. Wake, Glacier Research Group, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9445472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Prevention of organ allograft rejection by a specific Janus kinase 3 inhibitor (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Because of its requirement for signaling by multiple cytokines, Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is an excellent target for clinical immunosuppression. We report the development of a specific, orally active inhibitor of JAK3, CP-690,550, that significantly prolonged survival in a murine model of heart transplantation and in cynomolgus monkeys receiving kidney transplants. CP-690,550 treatment was not associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or lymphoproliferative disease. On the basis of these preclinical results, we believe JAK3 blockade by CP-690,550 has potential for therapeutically desirable immunosuppression in human organ transplantation and in other clinical settings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Changelian, Paul S -- Flanagan, Mark E -- Ball, Douglas J -- Kent, Craig R -- Magnuson, Kelly S -- Martin, William H -- Rizzuti, Bonnie J -- Sawyer, Perry S -- Perry, Bret D -- Brissette, William H -- McCurdy, Sandra P -- Kudlacz, Elizabeth M -- Conklyn, Maryrose J -- Elliott, Eileen A -- Koslov, Erika R -- Fisher, Michael B -- Strelevitz, Timothy J -- Yoon, Kwansik -- Whipple, David A -- Sun, Jianmin -- Munchhof, Michael J -- Doty, John L -- Casavant, Jeffrey M -- Blumenkopf, Todd A -- Hines, Michael -- Brown, Matthew F -- Lillie, Brett M -- Subramanyam, Chakrapani -- Shang-Poa, Chang -- Milici, Anthony J -- Beckius, Gretchen E -- Moyer, James D -- Su, Chunyan -- Woodworth, Thasia G -- Gaweco, Anderson S -- Beals, Chan R -- Littman, Bruce H -- Fisher, Douglas A -- Smith, James F -- Zagouras, Panayiotis -- Magna, Holly A -- Saltarelli, Mary J -- Johnson, Kimberly S -- Nelms, Linda F -- Des Etages, Shelley G -- Hayes, Lisa S -- Kawabata, Thomas T -- Finco-Kent, Deborah -- Baker, Deanna L -- Larson, Michael -- Si, Ming-Sing -- Paniagua, Ricardo -- Higgins, John -- Holm, Bari -- Reitz, Bruce -- Zhou, Yong-Jie -- Morris, Randall E -- O'Shea, John J -- Borie, Dominic C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):875-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunology Group, Department of Antibacterials and Immunology, Pfizer Global Researchand Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA. paul_s_changelian@groton.pfizer.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Graft Rejection/*prevention & control ; Graft Survival/drug effects ; *Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic ; use/toxicity ; Interleukin-2/immunology ; Janus Kinase 3 ; *Kidney Transplantation ; Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects ; Macaca fascicularis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Piperidines ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Pyrimidines/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Pyrroles/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Transplantation, Heterotopic ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Reconstructed changes in Arctic sea ice over the past 1,450 years (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-25
    Description: Arctic sea ice extent is now more than two million square kilometres less than it was in the late twentieth century, with important consequences for the climate, the ocean and traditional lifestyles in the Arctic. Although observations show a more or less continuous decline for the past four or five decades, there are few long-term records with which to assess natural sea ice variability. Until now, the question of whether or not current trends are potentially anomalous has therefore remained unanswerable. Here we use a network of high-resolution terrestrial proxies from the circum-Arctic region to reconstruct past extents of summer sea ice, and show that-although extensive uncertainties remain, especially before the sixteenth century-both the duration and magnitude of the current decline in sea ice seem to be unprecedented for the past 1,450 years. Enhanced advection of warm Atlantic water to the Arctic seems to be the main factor driving the decline of sea ice extent on multidecadal timescales, and may result from nonlinear feedbacks between sea ice and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. These results reinforce the assertion that sea ice is an active component of Arctic climate variability and that the recent decrease in summer Arctic sea ice is consistent with anthropogenically forced warming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kinnard, Christophe -- Zdanowicz, Christian M -- Fisher, David A -- Isaksson, Elisabeth -- de Vernal, Anne -- Thompson, Lonnie G -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 23;479(7374):509-12. doi: 10.1038/nature10581.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas, Benavente 980, Casilla 554, La Serena, 1720170, Chile. christophe.kinnard@ceaza.cl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22113692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arctic Regions ; Atmosphere ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Global Warming/*statistics & numerical data ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Human Activities ; *Ice Cover ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seasons ; Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Oxytocin, vasopressin, and estrogen-stimulated neurophysin: daily patterns of concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-25
    Description: The concentrations of oxytocin, arginine vasopressin, and estrogen stimulated neurophysin in cerebrospinal fluid of monkeys showed a daily fluctuation with high concentrations occurring during the light period. The patterns of oxytocin and estrogen-stimulated neurophysin in the cerebrospinal fluid were not observed in the plasma nor were they altered after the administration of a dose of estradiol that increased concentrations of estrogen-stimulated neurophysin in plasma. The disassociation between these cerebrospinal fluid and plasma patterns and values suggests that the secretory activity of neurons that release estrogen-stimulated neurophysin and oxytocin into the cerebrospinal fluid is controlled by mechanisms different from those that control their release into the plasma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perlow, M J -- Reppert, S M -- Artman, H A -- Fisher, D A -- Self, S M -- Robinson, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 25;216(4553):1416-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7201163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/blood/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Circadian Rhythm ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Neurons, Efferent/secretion ; Neurophysins/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Oxytocin/blood/*cerebrospinal fluid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Vasopressin exhibits a rhythmic daily pattern in cerebrospinal fluid but not in blood (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reppert, S M -- Artman, H G -- Swaminathan, S -- Fisher, D A -- HD 06335/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD 14427/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1256-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/blood/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Biological Clocks ; Cats ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Hypothalamus/secretion ; Memory/physiology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Supraoptic Nucleus/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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