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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New British records of the semi-terrestrial amphipod Orchestia cavimana (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 2 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1972.tb01579.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microgemma vivaresi n. sp. (Microsporidia, Tetramicridae), Infecting Liver and Skeletal Muscle of Sea Scorpions, Taurulus bubalis (Euphrasen 1786) (Osteichthyes, Cottidae), an Inshore, Littoral Fish (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The ultrastructure of a new microsporidian species Microgemma vivaresi n. sp. causing liver cell xenoma formation in sea scorpions, Taurulus bubalis, is described. Stages of merogony, sporogony, and sporogenesis are mixed in the central cytoplasm of developing xenomas. All stages have unpaired nuclei. Uninucleate and multinucleate meronts lie within vacuoles formed from host endoplasmic reticulum and divide by binary or multiple fission. Sporonts, no longer in vacuoles, deposit plaques of surface coat on the plasma membrane that cause the surface to pucker. Division occurs at the puckered stage into sporoblast mother cells, on which plaques join up to complete the surface coat. A final binary fission gives rise to sporoblasts. A dense globule, thought to be involved in polar tube synthesis, is gradually dispersed during spore maturation. Spores are broadly ovoid, have a large posterior vacuole, and measure 3.6 μm × 2.1 μm (fresh). The polar tube has a short wide anterior section that constricts abruptly, then runs posteriad to coil about eight times around the posterior vacuole with granular contents. The polaroplast has up to 40 membranes arranged in pairs mostly attached to the wide region of the polar tube and directed posteriorly around a cytoplasm of a coarsely granular appearance. The species is placed alongside the type species Microgemma hepaticusRalphs and Matthews 1986 within the family Tetramicridae, which is transferred from the class Dihaplophasea to the class Haplophasea, as there is no evidence for the occurrence of a diplokaryotic phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.04-3325.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecology, Development and Pathogenicity of Buddenbrockia plumatellae Schröder, 1910 (Myxozoa, Malacosporea) (syn. Tetracapsula bryozoides) and Establishment of Tetracapsuloides n. gen. for Tetracapsula bryosalmonae (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 49 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Buddenbrockia plumatellae, an enigmatic worm-like myxozoan, was observed as continuously writhing free and attached ‘worms’ and as free mature spores in the coelom of the freshwater bryozoans Plumatella fungosa, Hyalinella punctata, and Fredericella sp. ‘Worm’ numbers could double every three days. ‘Worms’ and spores could be expelled from colonies by external pressure. Some mature ‘worms’ exited actively, entraining release of free spores, and gradually ceased movement outside the host. Bryozoans sealed off infected regions of the colony. Infected colonies grew slowly, produced no statoblasts, and eventually regressed and died. Transmission was not achieved and prevalence was low. Electron microscopy of ‘worms’ revealed a single layer of mural cells on a fibrous basal lamina overlying four longitudinal muscle blocks and an inner sheet of two types of proliferating cells, an organization indicative of the bilaterian ancestry of the Myxozoa. Primary type A cells were attached directly by striated tubules to mural cells at positions between muscle blocks. Secondary type A cells had a secretory function. Type B cells underwent meiosis and subsequently developed to typical malacosporean myxozoan spores filling the internal cavity of the ‘worms’. External tubes were formed during capsulogenesis in ‘worms’ from Fredericella sp. Tetracapsula bryozoides is synonymised with Buddenbrockia plumatellae and a new genus is proposed for Tetracapsula bryosalmonae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00371.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Class and Order of Myxozoans to Accommodate Parasites of Bryozoans with Ultrastructural Observations on Tetracapsula bryosalmonae (PKX Organism) (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 47 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Tetracapsula bryosalmonae, formerly PKX organism, is a myxozoan parasite that causes proliferative kidney disease in salmonid fish. Its primary hosts, in which it undergoes a sexual phase, are phylactolaemate bryozoans. It develops in the bryozoan coelomic cavity as freely floating sacs which contain two types of cells, stellate cells and sporoplasmogenic cells, which become organised as spores. Eight stellate cells differentiate as four capsulogenic cells and four valve cells which surround a single sporoplasmogenic cell. The sporoplasmogenic cell undergoes meiosis and cytoplasmic fission to produce two sporoplasms with haploid nuclei. Sporoplasms contain secondary cells. The unusual development supports previously obtained data from 18S rDNA sequences, indicating that species of Tetracapsula form a clade. It diverged early in the evolution of the Myxozoa, before the radiation that gave rise to the better known genera belonging to the two orders in the single class Myxosporea. The genus Tetracapsula as seen in bryozoans shares some of the characters unique to the myxosporean phase and others typical of the actinosporean phase of genera belonging to the class Myxosporea. However, it exhibits other features which are not found in either phase. A new class Malacosporea and order Malacovalvulida are proposed to accommodate the family Saccosporidae and genus Tetracapsula. Special features of the new class are the saclike proliferative body, valve cells not covering the exit point of the polar filament, lack of a stopper-like structure sealing the exit, maintenance of valve cell integrity even at spore maturity, absence of hardened spore walls and unique structure of sporoplasmosomes in the sporoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00075.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The serum resistance of gonococci in the majority of urethral exudates is due to sialylated lipopolysaccharide seen as a surface coat (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 90 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Examined before subculture, gonococci in 18 urethral exudates collected from different patients were serum-resistant. For 15 exudates, the resistance was drastically reduced by treatment with neuraminidase and by one subculture on laboratory media. It was restored by incubation with cytidine 5′-monophospho-N-acetyl neuraminic acid (CMP-NANA). Electron microscopic examination of gonococci in eight exudates showed a surface structure stained by Ruthenium red which disappeared in most samples when they were treated with neuraminidase. These results were identical with those of previous studies on in vitro grown gonococci which had shown that serum resistance is due to sialylation of a 4.5-kDa conserved component of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by host CMP-NANA, which masks the target site for bactericidal IgM and renders surface LPS stainable by Ruthenium red. The serum resistance of gonococci in the remaining three exudates was not reduced by neuraminidase nor by subculture. The mechanism of this stable resistance is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05169.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrigendum to “Lactate causes changes in gonococci including increased lipopolysaccharide synthesis during short-term incubation in media containing glucose” (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 171 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13440.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactate causes changes in gonococci including increased lipopolysaccharide synthesis during short-term incubation in media containing glucose (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 169 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Gonococci (strain BS4(agar)), emerging from lag-phase during 1–1.5 h incubation in a medium containing glucose (28 mM) and either 5 μM or 50 μM sodium lactate, show enhanced capacity for their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to be sialylated by cytidine 5′-monophospho-N-acetyl neuraminic acid. The sialyltransferase content of the lactate-treated gonococci was not greater than that of control organisms and showed no differences in LPS components. However, the total LPS content of the lactate-treated gonococci was 10–20% higher than that of control organisms, so lactate enhancement may be due to more sialyl receptors becoming available due to an overall stimulation of LPS synthesis. The protein and pentose contents of the lactate-treated gonococci were also higher than those of controls, indicating stimulation of protein synthesis and ribosome production. Electron microscopy showed hair-like external appendages on control but not on lactate-treated gonococci. The above growth conditions are unnatural. However, when concentrations of glucose and lactate were adjusted to values akin to those occurring in vivo (glucose 5 mM alone and with either 1 mM or 10 mM lactate), and gonococcal multiplication occurred during the short incubation period (1–1.5 h), lactate again induced greater contents of LPS, protein and pentose. A high content of LPS, which will contribute to pathogenicity, should be a constant feature of gonococci growing in human urogenital tissues, where lactate is ever present with glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13334.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A surface polysaccharide forms when gonococci are converted to serum resistance by cytidine 5′-monophospho-N-acetyl neuraminic acid (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 66 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A serum-susceptible, guinea-pig chamber-passaged, laboratory strain (BS4 (agar)) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was converted to serum resistance by incubation with cytidine 5-monophospho-N-acetyl neuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) and examined by electron microscopy after straining with ruthenium-red. In contrast to serum susceptible gonococci incubated without CMP-NANA, the majority (60–70%) of the serum resistant organisms showed a surface accumulation of polysaccharide. This surface polysaccharide was enhanced on all the resistant gonococci after incubation with fresh human serum. Control susceptible gonococci were devoid of the polysaccharide after incubation with heated human serum. Indentical results were obtained with a fresh gonococcal isolate which had lost serum resistance on subculture but wich, in common with 3 other isolates, was restored to serum resistance by incubation with CMP-NANA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03975.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacteria-like endobionts of the suctorian,Discophrya sp. (1975)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 86 (1975), S. 189-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Individuals ofDiscophrya sp. contain approximately 11,000 endobionts, interpreted as gram-positive bacteria. Treatment with the antibiotic rifampin resulted in destruction of the bacteria, but with an accompanying gigantism, loss of reproductive capacity and a restricted lifespan of the suctorian. Treatment with penicillin G resulted in a reduction of the bacterial population and gigantism. A subsequent increase in the number of bacteria coincided with a reduction in cell size of the suctorian. Copper ions were also found to destroy the bacteria. The possible existence of a symbiotic relationship between the two organisms is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01275632
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemie und Verbrechen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 3 (1969), S. 178-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19690030604
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