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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of cadmium and induced Cd-binding proteins in roots, stems and leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science 77 (1991), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-9452
    Keywords: Cd-binding protein ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; cadmium ; intercellular spaces ; tissues
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-9452(91)90081-I
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid chromatographic determination of flunarizine in human plasma
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 374 (1986), S. 196-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-4347(00)83271-5
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple and rapid micromethod for the determination of levodopa and 3-O-methyldopa in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric detection
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 375 (1986), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-4347(00)83705-6
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha1-acid glycoprotein concentration and serum protein binding of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide in children with epilepsy (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carbamazepine ; epilepsy ; carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide ; alpha1-acid glycoprotein ; serum protein binding ; children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between the serum protein binding of carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide (CBZ-E) and the concentration of α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and albumin (HSA) was examined in 39 CBZ-treated epileptic children aged 4 months to 12 years. A significant inverse correlation was found between the free fraction of both compounds and serum AAG, even though changes in AAG concentration explained only part of the variation in binding. No correlation was found between the free fraction of CBZ and CBZ-E and HSA, probably due to the small intersubject variation in HSA concentration. In vitro experiments showed that both CBZ and CBZ-E were bound to HSA and to a lesser extent to AAG. At equivalent HSA concentrations, the binding of CBZ and its metabolite increased proportionately with increasing AAG concentration within the range occurring clinically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547424
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered serum protein binding of carbamazepine in disease states associated with an increasedα 1-acid glycoprotein concentration (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carbamazepine ; serum protein binding ; alpha1-acid glycoprotein ; albumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The protein binding of carbamazepine (CBZ) in vitro was assessed in sera from 47 patients with various diseases known to alterα 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentration and from 20 drug-free normal control subjects. In the patient group, AAG and albumin (HSA) concentrations ranged from 6 to 74 µmol/l and from 377 to 652 µmol/l, respectively; in the controls, protein concentrations were less variable, ranging from 11 to 26 µmol/l for AAG and from 623 to 754 µmol/l for HSA. In both the patient and the combined patient and control groups, free CBZ fractions were inversely correlated with the serum AAG concentration (r=−0.62). No significant relationship could be found between the free CBZ fraction and the serum HSA concentration. The free CBZ fraction was moderately but significantly decreased in patients with AAG levels above 26 µmol/l (the highest value found in controls) as compared either to patients with a normal AAG concentration or to control subjects (19±5% vs 23±4% and 23±2%), despite the finding of a higher HSA concentration in the control group. The data confirm AAG as an important determinant of interindividual variability in serum CBZ binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00870992
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of oral levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 463-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Levodopa ; Pharmacokinetics ; Parkinson's disease ; age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of age on the kinetics of a standard oral dose of levodopa administered with an inhibitor of peripheral dopa decarboxylase enzymes (benserazide) has been evaluated in 40 patients with Parkinson's disease (age 34–78 y) on chronic therapy. They were divided into 2 groups, on the basis of age below (21 patients, Group A) or above (19 patients, Group B) 65 y. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of levodopa was significantly greater in the older group (547 versus 428 μmol·1−1·min in Group B), coupled with a reduced apparent oral clearance (8.1 versus 10.7 ml·min−1 ·kg−1) and a longer plasma elimination half-life (67.6 versus 54.6 min). The age of the patients was positively correlated with the AUC of levodopa (r=0.474) and its plasma elimination half-life (r=0.391), and was negatively correlated with clearance (r=−0.489). The findings confirm previous data on volunteers that showed a reduction in the systemic clearance of levodopa due to age, which would probably account for the finding of a greater AUC of levodopa in older patients. The observed, age-mediated differences in levodopa pharmacokinetics, albeit statistically significant, were moderate and were likely to be of only minor importance for the dosing schedule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00626370
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of meal timing on the kinetic-dynamic profile of levodopa/carbidopa controlled is release in parkinsonian patients (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Levodopa ; Controlled release formulations ; Parkinson's disease ; Meal interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the time of ingestion of a meal on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a levodopa/carbidopa controlled-release formulation in parkinsonian patients on chronic levodopa therapy. Methods: The kinetic-dynamic profile of one tablet of controlled-release levodopa/carbidopa 200/50 mg was monitored in eight patients, according to an intrasubject randomized cross-over design in two different sessions. A standard meal was consumed by the patients after they had fasted for 15–17 h, on one occasion 30 min before the ingestion of the test dose, and on the other occasion 2 h after the ingestion of the same drug dose. Blood venous samples for analysis of plasma levodopa and its metabolite 3-O-methyldopa were drawn at 20-min intervals up to 6 h after dosing. Motor response to the levodopa test dose was assessed by the finger tapping and walking speed tests at the same times as blood was drawn. Results: Controlled is release levodopa intake after meals resulted in a significant delay in drug absorption, with an almost twofold increase in time of initial appearance of levodopa in plasma and time to peak plasma concentration. Peak plasma drug concentrations were not significantly different in the two experimental conditions; the area under the 6-h plasma concentration-time curve showed an average reduction of 24% in the fed condition, partly reflecting the incomplete assessment of levodopa absorption, within the 6 h of examination, due␣to 5-h delayed peak plasma levodopa concentration␣in two patients. With reference to levodopa pharmacodynamics, time to onset of motor response was significantly delayed and duration of motor response significantly curtailed in the fed condition, while the magnitude and overall extent of motor effect were unchanged. Conclusions: In keeping with previous findings on levodopa standard-release preparations, these data show that time of meal ingestion is an important determinant of levodopa disposition, even from controlled-release preparations in parkinsonian patients. From a clinical point of view, these results help to explain some of the delayed, curtailed and even lacking responses that often complicate afternoon motor performances in patients at the more advanced stages of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050464
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral levodopa in parkinsonian patients (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 51 (1996), S. 59-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Levodopa ; Parkinson’s disease; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; NONMEM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a standardised oral test dose of levodopa have been determined in patients with mild to severe Parkinson’s disease using parametric, non-linear mixed effect modelling with the program NONMEM. Levodopa plasma concentration data and motor effect behaviour (tapping times) were obtained from 46 patients, for whom a total of 970 observations were available (approximately 21 pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic observations per patient). The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model used was a one-compartment first-order absorption model linked to the sigmoid EMax representation of the Hill equation via an equilibration rate-constant, ke0. The model was also tested via a reduction in the number of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data points to a total of four to eight per patient. Results: In the final regression models the Hoehn and Yahr (HY) status of the patient and duration of disease (DUR) were found to be important determinants of the pharmacodynamic parameters for levodopa. The pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly affected by any covariates. A test group of 16 additional parkinsonian patients was used to evaluate the predictive performance of the population parameters. The predictive performance of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling using the full and reduced data sets was evaluated in NONMEM using posthoc, Bayesian forecasting. Statistically insignificant bias existed among predicted and observed levodopa concentrations, whereas the pharmacodynamic model underpredicted the observed tapping times. There was little difference in the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic predictive performance among results for the full and the reduced data sets. Conclusion: In a clinical setting knowledge of the population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters for oral levodopa may prove useful in estimating the duration of the drug’s beneficial motor activity in patients with mild to severe Parkinson’s disease (Hoehn and Yahr status I–IV).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050161
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of inorganic and organic fertilization on soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient and heavy metal bioavailability (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1999), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Organic fertilization ; Soil microbial biomass carbon ; Metabolic quotient ; Bioavailability ; Heavy metals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  We studied the long-term effects (12 years) of municipal refuse compost addition on the total organic carbon (TOC), the amount and activity of the microbial biomass (soil microbial biomass C, BC and metabolic quotient qCO2) and heavy metal bioavaiability in soils as compared to manuring with mineral fertilizers (NPK) and farmyard manure (FYM). In addition, we studied the relationships between among the available fraction [Diethylenetriaminopentacetic acid (DTPA) extractable] of heavy metals and their total content, TOC and BC. After 12 years of repeated treatments, the TOC and BC of control and mineral fertilized plots did not differ. Soils treated with FYM and composts showed a significant increase in TOC and BC in response to the increasing amounts of organic C added. Values of the BC/TOC ratio ranged from 1.4 to 2, without any significative differences among soil treatments. The qCO2 increased in the organic-amended soil and may have indicated microbial stress. The total amounts of metals in treated soils were lower than the levels permitted by the European Union in agricultural soils. DTPA-extractable metals increased in amended soils in response to organic C. A multiple regression analysis with stepwise selection of variables was carried out in order to discriminate between the influence exerted on DTPA-extractable metals by their total content, TOC and BC. Results showed that each metal behaved quite differently, suggesting that different mechanisms might be involved in metal bioavailability
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050506
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-disjunction in presence of interchanges involving B-type chromosomes in maize, and some phenotypical consequences of meaning in maize breeding (1961)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 92 (1961), S. 213-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary By using appropriately interchanges between A and B chromosomes in maize it has been possible to reach the following conclusions, chiefly on the basis of genetical experiments: 1. non-disjunction of BA chromosomes in the second microspore mitosis is greatly influenced by environmental conditions; 2. different BA chromosomes undergo different rates of non-disjunction: B10, B4 and B9 chromosomes show, under the same field conditions, decreasing values of such event; 3. following non-disjunction in the above mentioned mitosis, the “directed fertilization”, that is the tendency of the hyperploid sperm to unite with the egg nucleus rather than with the polar nuclei, is greater for B4 and B10, as compared with B9; 4. while non-disjunction in the mentioned mitosis may occur in 70% of the generative nucleus of microspore or more; according to genotype and environmental conditions, as mentioned above, the same phenomenon, although at a very much lower rate, does occur both in endosperm and sporophyte tissues; 5. the presence in the nucleus of B chromatin may not only result in nondisjunction of BA chromosomes, but also may cause non-disjunction of other A chromosomes; 6. kernels differing in BA chromosome endowment may greatly differ in endosperm size, as well as in the size of the plant derived from them; 7. the points (5) and (6) are specifically discussed respectively from the point of view of basic mechanisms of genetic control of nuclear behavior and of application in maize breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00888878
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