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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Phase Diagram for Epitaxial PbZr1−xTixO3 Thin Films at the Bulk Morphotropic Boundary Composition (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A phase diagram of temperature versus strain was constructed for a (001)-oriented PbZr1−xTixO3 epitaxial single crystal thin film near the bulk morphotropic boundary composition (x=0.47) on an (001)-oriented cubic substrate. The phase-field approach is employed. It is shown that a mixture of distorted rhombohedral, orthorhombic, and tetragonal phases exists under small values of strain, i.e., close to the in-plane clamped boundary condition. This result contradicts thermodynamic calculations assuming a single-domain state that predicted a single distorted rhombohedral phase under similar strains. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that under a large tensile strain current phase-field simulations showed a tetragonal phase with a1/a2 twin structures as the stable state whereas thermodynamic calculations predicted an orthorhombic phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00319.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Simulation of Zener Pinning with Growing Second-Phase Particles (1998)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The Zener pinning effect with growing second-phase particles in Al2O3-ZrO2 composite systems were studied by two-dimensional (2-D) computer simulations using a diffuse-interface field model. In these systems, all second-phase particles are distributed at grain corners and boundaries. The second-phase particles grow continuously, and the motion of grain boundaries of the matrix phase is pinned by the second-phase particles which coarsen through the Ostwald ripening mechanism, i.e., long-range diffusion. It is shown that both matrix grains and second-phase particles grow following the power-growth law, Rtm - R0m = kt with m = 3. It is found that the mean size of the matrix phase (D) depends linearly on the mean size of the second-phase particles (r) for all volume fractions of second phase from 10% to 40%, which agrees well with experimental results. It is shown that D/r is proportional to the volume fraction of the second phase (f) as f−1/2 for a volume fraction less than 30%, which agrees with Hillert and Srolovitz's predictions for 2-D systems, while experimental results from 2-D cross sections of three-dimensional (3-D) Al2O3-rich systems showed that either a f−1/2 or a f−1/3 relation might be possible. It is also found that D/r is not proportional to f−1/3 and f−1 in 2-D simulations, which suggests that the Zener pinning effect can be very different in 2-D and 3-D systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02370.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-Dimensional Computer Simulation of Ferroelectric Domain Formation (1998)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three-dimensional (3-D) computer simulations of ferroelectric domain formation and evolution were performed, using a computer simulation model based on the time-dependent Ginsburg-Landau equations. A cubic-to-tetragonal ferroelectric phase transition is considered. It is shown that the initial stage of the transition during the annealing of a quenched cubic paraelectric phase involves the nucleation and growth of the ferroelectric domains, followed by the domain coarsening leading to the formation of 90° and 180° domain structures. Part of the 3-D results reported here confirm our conclusions made earlier for the two-dimensional (2-D) case, namely, the nonlocal elastic interactions are critical to the formation of twin structure and the dipole-dipole interactions are responsible for the head-to-tail arrangements of dipoles at twin boundaries. In contrast to our previous work, and others; the effect of the depolarization energy was explicitly incorporated into the simulation model. It is found that when there are no surface charges to compensate the Lorentz field due to the polarization charges, and if the system is mechanically clamped, both 90° and 180° domains are thermodynamically stable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02367.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer Simulation of Grain Growth and Ostwald Ripening in Alumina—Zirconia Two-Phase Composites (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of grain growth and Ostwald ripening in Al2O3-ZrO2 two-phase composites was systematically investigated using two-dimensional (2-D) computer simulations, based on a diffuse-interface field model. Using average values for the experimentally measured ratios of the grain boundary energies to the interphase boundary energy as the input, the predicted 2-D microstructural features and their evolution are in excellent qualitative agreement with experimental observations on 2-D cross sections of 3-D Al2O3-ZrO2 two-phase composite microstructures. It was found that the coupled grain growth in Al2O3-ZrO2 composites is controlled by long-range diffusion and the average size (Rt) as a function of time (t) follows the power-growth law, Rmt - Rm0=kt with m= 3, which is independent of the initial microstructures and volume fractions of the two phases. The predicted variation of the kinetic coefficient (k) on the volume fraction follows a trend similar to that experimentally measured through the entire range of volume fractions. The scaling of grain size distributions is observed at a given volume fraction, i.e., they are time-invariant in the steady state. However, the characteristics of size distributions vary with the initial microstructures and the volume fractions. The relationship between matrix grain size and second-phase grain size is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03051.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHASE-FIELD MODELS FOR MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 32 (2002), S. 113-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-7331
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The phase-field method has recently emerged as a powerful computational approach to modeling and predicting mesoscale morphological and microstructure evolution in materials. It describes a microstructure using a set of conserved and nonconserved field variables that are continuous across the interfacial regions. The temporal and spatial evolution of the field variables is governed by the Cahn-Hilliard nonlinear diffusion equation and the Allen-Cahn relaxation equation. With the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic information as the input, the phase-field method is able to predict the evolution of arbitrary morphologies and complex microstructures without explicitly tracking the positions of interfaces. This paper briefly reviews the recent advances in developing phase-field models for various materials processes including solidification, solid-state structural phase transformations, grain growth and coarsening, domain evolution in thin films, pattern formation on surfaces, dislocation microstructures, crack propagation, and electromigration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.32.112001.132041
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of plastid photosynthetic psbK-I-D-C gene expression by light in rice plants (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 93 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The expression of the plastid photosynthetic psbK-I-D-C gene cluster is closely regulated by light. The time courses of expression of the gene cluster in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. Tainong 67) grown under various irradiation regimes were examined by northern and western blot analyses. The data indicated that the gene cluster is photoregulated at the transcriptional and post transcriptional levels. Blue light not only enhanced the accumulation of the overlapping transcripts present in the 7 to 8-day dark-grown seedlings, but also induced the accumulation of new class d transcripts encoding D2 protein and CP43. This observation confirms the conservation of blue-light regulation of psbD-psbC transcription in plants. In etiolated seedlings, the accumulation of class e transcript encoding CP43 increased most remarkably during development: irradiation further enhanced the transcript level. Although the transcripts encoding D2 protein and CP43 are present in etiolated plants, only D2 protein is accumulated, and CP43 was not detected unless the seedlings were exposed to light. The transcript levels of RNAs d1 and f2 in green seedlings grown under a 12-h photoperiod exhibited fluctuating patterns over the 24-h period. The levels o1 RNAs dl and f2 also exhibited significant fluctuation during the 36-h exposure of the etiolated seedlings to light. These data imply that the circadian regulation of pshD-psbC expression takes place at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb05108.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Ultrafine MgAl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 Powders by Nitrate-Citrate Sol-Gel Combustion Process (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 368-372 (Feb. 2008), p. 407-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ultrafine MgAl2O4 powders were synthesized by a nitrate-citrate sol-gel combustion processusing Al(NO3)3·9H2O, Mg(NO3)2·6H2O and C6H8O7·H2O as initial materials. The result of X-raydiffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that single-phase MgAl2O4 powder could be obtained at 850 oC,which is much lower than that needed in solid-state reactions. Transmission electron microscopy imageshowed that the as-prepared powder was in the nano scale and little agglomerate exited. It is concludedthat this process need shorter time, lower temperature, and simple equipments
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/56/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.368-372.407.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contributions of Surface Engineering to Military Equipment Maintenance (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 373-374 (Mar. 2008), p. 517-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In recent years, surface engineering technology has developed rapidly in China and has its uniqueposition in government science and technology development plan. As an end user, the community of equipmentmaintenance has steadily focused on the latest progress of surface engineering technology and quickly introducesits achievements into equipment maintenance to improve the operational performance of weapon systems andsupporting facilities. It was found during an investigation of maintenance techniques that surface engineeringtechnology was widely used in military equipment maintenance and had made great impact for their effectiveness.Applications of surface engineering technology such as nano-surface, thermal spraying, bonding and coating,co-osmosis in maintaining and repairing airplanes, vessels, submarines, vehicles and artillery have greatlyenhanced their capabilities to resist wear and tear, erosion and fatigue and dramatically improved their operationalefficiency and effectiveness. Surface engineering technology has made significant contributions to maintainoperational readiness of equipment and weapon systems which, in turn, has generated huge martial andeconomical profits
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/57/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.373-374.517.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Excess Pore Pressure in Strain-Softening Soils Induced by Cavity Expansion (2004)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 274-276 (Oct. 2004), p. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/48/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.274-276.129.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Mössbauer study on the surface hyperfine field of uniform hematite particles (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 45 (1988), S. 245-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.35 ; 76.00
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A Mössbauer spectroscopic study was performed on uniform spherical hematite particles (99±9 nm, Sample I) and those enriched with57Fe on the surface (Sample II). A striking difference was found between the spectra of these two samples, in that Sample I showed a spectrum with nearly symmetrical resonant absorption lines, while Sample II showed a spectrum with the lines broadened toward the central peaks asymmetrically. But after the57Fe-enriched sample was heated to 623 K, the spectral lines became narrower due to the diffusion of the surface57Fe-ions into the bulk. The above results showed that the centripetal broadening of the spectral lines for small uniform hematite particles resulted from a surface effect. The surface exhibited a hyperfine field about 5.2% lower than that for the bulk. The wider distribution of the surface hyperfine field was explained by structural inhomogeneity of the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615011
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