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  • 1
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    Virus-enabled synthesis and assembly of nanowires for lithium ion battery electrodes (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-08
    Description: The selection and assembly of materials are central issues in the development of smaller, more flexible batteries. Cobalt oxide has shown excellent electrochemical cycling properties and is thus under consideration as an electrode for advanced lithium batteries. We used viruses to synthesize and assemble nanowires of cobalt oxide at room temperature. By incorporating gold-binding peptides into the filament coat, we formed hybrid gold-cobalt oxide wires that improved battery capacity. Combining virus-templated synthesis at the peptide level and methods for controlling two-dimensional assembly of viruses on polyelectrolyte multilayers provides a systematic platform for integrating these nanomaterials to form thin, flexible lithium ion batteries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nam, Ki Tae -- Kim, Dong-Wan -- Yoo, Pil J -- Chiang, Chung-Yi -- Meethong, Nonglak -- Hammond, Paula T -- Chiang, Yet-Ming -- Belcher, Angela M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):885-8. Epub 2006 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacteriophage M13/chemistry/genetics ; Capsid Proteins/chemistry ; *Cobalt/chemistry ; Crystallization ; Electric Conductivity ; *Electric Power Supplies ; Electrochemistry ; *Electrodes ; Gold ; Lithium ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; *Nanostructures ; *Nanotechnology ; *Oxides/chemistry ; Peptide Library ; Protein Engineering ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REPLY TO the preceding Discussion by Andrew I. Strutynsky of “Field Determination of Geological/Chemical Properties of an Aquifer by Cone Penetrometry and Headspace Analysis” (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 31 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01855.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field Determination of Geological/Chemical Properties of an Aquifer by Cone Penetrometry and Headspace Analysis (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 30 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The cone penetrometer with pore pressure measurements was first introduced in 1975. It is generally regarded in the geotechnical community as one of the most efficient tools for stratigraphic logging of soft soils. Recently, the conventional cone penetrometer has been coupled with a porous probe ground-water sampler for environmental applications.This coupled system was used to perform soil logging, collect ground-water samples, and evaluate hydraulic conductivity in an effort to determine the extent and preferential flow pathway(s) of a soluble hydrocarbon plume in a Texas aquifer. Ground-water samples collected by a porous probe sampler were analyzed for hydrocarbon content by a portable gas chromatograph with a photoionization detector (GC/PID) to characterize the extent of the soluble organic plume and provide a field evaluation of ground-water quality. Aqueous concentrations of hydrocarbons calculated from vapor headspace measurements by this technique were in good agreement with direct concentration measurements obtained in the laboratory using standard EPA ground-water analytical procedures. This field procedure makes it possible to efficiently use cone penetrometry equipment in less characterized areas allowing rapid delineation of volatile organic plumes by the headspace analysis.Interpretation of the cone penetrometer test data located a buried channel on the site aligned in an east-west depositional direction. To the north and south of the channel, the soils exhibited reduced hydraulic conductivity due to their respective soil type or depositional density. Analyses of ground-water samples collected from the area confirmed that soluble hydrocarbon migration was following the more permeable channel. In addition, depth selective ground-water sampling recorded sharp changes in the vertical concentration profiles indicating that macroscopic vertical dispersion may be negligible at this site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb02011.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic Biodegradation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene in a Sandy Aquifer—Data Analysis and Computer Modeling (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 27 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Soluble hydrocarbon and dissolved oxygen (DO) in a shallow aquifer beneath a field site were characterized by sampling ground water at 42 monitoring wells. Results from 10 sampling periods over three years showed a significant reduction in total benzene mass with time in ground water. These reduction and leakage rates from sources were determined from material balance and nonlinear least-squares analyses. The natural attenuation rate was calculated to be 0.95%/day. Spatial relationships between DO and total benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) were shown to be strongly correlated by statistical analyses and solute transport modeling. In addition, laboratory microcosm biodegradation experiments were performed to determine possible threshold limits for aromatic hydrocarbon oxidation under varying levels of dissolved oxygen. The results were remarkably consistent with field data on the presence of high or low levels of BTX and DO in several monitoring well-water samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb01046.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocarbon Thickness Fluctuations in Monitoring Wells (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 28 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Hydrocarbon thickness measurements in monitoring wells are used to estimate the hydrocarbon volume in the subsurface and to evaluate the efficiency of hydrocarbon recovery. It is commonly assumed that the formation hydrocarbon thickness is linearly related to the measured one. However, field data quite frequently show hydrocarbon thickness fluctuations that are not related to either hydrocarbon recovery or its release.It is postulated that these fluctuations are related to hydrocarbon/ground-water interface elevation changes, and can be explained by two mechanisms: (1) difference in the residual saturation of hydrocarbons entrapped below and above the “interface,” and (2) preferred flow of the liquids through the monitoring well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1990.tb02252.x
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  • 6
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    Bioreactors and in situ product recovery techniques for acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-02
    Description: The microbial fermentation process is one of the sustainable and environment-friendly ways to produce 1-butanol and other bio-based chemicals. The success of the fermentation process greatly relies on the choice of bioreactors and the separation methods. In this review, the history and the performance of bioreactors for the acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation is discussed. The subject is then focused on in situ product recovery (ISPR) techniques, particularly for the integrated extraction-gas stripping. The usefulness of this promising hybrid ISPR device is acknowledged by its incorporation with batch, fed-batch and continuous processes to improve the performance of ABE fermentation.
    Keywords: Biotechnology & Synthetic Biology
    Print ISSN: 0378-1097
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6968
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    DTIE, a novel core promoter element that directs start site selection in TATA-less genes (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-20
    Description: The transcription start site (TSS) determines the length and composition of the 5' UTR and therefore can have a profound effect on translation. Yet, little is known about the mechanism underlying start site selection, particularly from promoters lacking conventional core elements such as TATA-box and Initiator. Here we report a novel mechanism of start site selection in the TATA- and Initiator-less promoter of miR-22, through a strictly localized downstream element termed DTIE and an upstream distal element. Changing the distance between them reduced promoter strength, altered TSS selection and diminished Pol II recruitment. Biochemical assays suggest that DTIE does not serve as a docking site for TFIID, the major core promoter-binding factor. TFIID is recruited to the promoter through DTIE but is dispensable for TSS selection. We determined DTIE consensus and found it to be remarkably prevalent, present at the same TSS downstream location in 20.8% of human promoters, the vast majority of which are TATA-less. Analysis of DTIE in the tumor suppressor p53 confirmed a similar function. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of transcription initiation from TATA-less promoters.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Modelling the extreme X-ray spectrum of IRAS 13224-3809 (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: The extreme narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 13224–3809 shows significant variability, frequency-dependent time lags, and strong Fe K line and Fe L features in the long 2011 XMM–Newton observation. In this work, we study the spectral properties of IRAS 13224–3809 in detail, and carry out a series of analyses to probe the nature of the source, focusing in particular on the spectral variability exhibited. The reflection grating spectrometer spectrum shows no obvious signatures of absorption by partially ionized material (‘warm’ absorbers). We fit the 0.3–10.0 keV spectra with a model that includes relativistic reflection from the inner accretion disc, a standard power-law active galactic nucleus continuum, and a low-temperature (~0.1 keV) blackbody, which may originate in the accretion disc, either as direct or reprocessed thermal emission. We find that the reflection model explains the time-averaged spectrum well, and we also undertake flux-resolved and time-resolved spectral analyses, which provide evidence of gravitational light-bending effects. Additionally, the temperature and flux of the blackbody component are found to follow the L T 4 relation expected for simple thermal blackbody emission from a constant emitting area, indicating a physical origin for this component.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Confirmation of the nature of the absorber in IRAS 09104+4109 (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: We present the first long Suzaku observation of the hyperluminous infrared galaxy IRAS 09104+4109 which is dominated by a Type 2 AGN. The infrared to X-ray spectral energy distribution (SED) indicates that the source is an obscured quasar with a Compton-thin absorber. However, the 3 hard X-ray detection of the source with the BeppoSAX PDS suggested a reflection-dominated, Compton-thick view. The high-energy detection was later found to be possibly contaminated by another Type 2 AGN, NGC 2785, which is only 17 arcmin away. Our new Suzaku observation offers simultaneous soft and hard X-ray coverage and excludes contamination from NGC 2785. We find that the hard X-ray component is not detected by the Suzaku Hard X-ray Detector/PIN (effective energy band 14–45 keV). Both reflection and transmission models have been tested on the latest Suzaku and Chandra data. The 0.5–10 keV spectrum can be well modelled by the two scenarios. In addition, our analysis implied that the absorption column required in both models is N H  ~ 5  x 10 23  cm –2 . Unless IRAS 09104+4109 is a ‘changing-look’ quasar, we confirm that it is a Compton-thin AGN. Although the lack of detection of X-ray emission above 10 keV seems to favour the transmission scenario, we found that the two models offer fairly similar flux predictions over the X-ray band below ~40 keV. We also found that the strong iron line shown in the Suzaku spectrum is in fact a blend of two emission lines, in which the 6.4 keV one is mostly contributed from the AGN and the 6.7 keV from the hot cluster gas. This implies that the neutral line is perhaps caused by disc reflection, and the reflection-dominated model is more likely the explanation. The transmission model should not be completely ruled out, but a deeper hard X-ray spectrum observation is needed to discriminate between the two scenarios.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Microchannel-flowed-plasma modification of octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled-monolayers for liquid crystal alignment (2013)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0040-6090
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2731
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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