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  • 1
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    Evidence of HIV-1 adaptation to HLA-restricted immune responses at a population level (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: Antigen-specific T cell immunity is HLA-restricted. Human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) mutations that allow escape from host immune responses may therefore be HLA allele-specific. We analyzed HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequences from a large HLA-diverse population of HIV-1-infected individuals. Polymorphisms in HIV-1 were most evident at sites of least functional or structural constraint and frequently were associated with particular host HLA class I alleles. Absence of polymorphism was also HLA allele-specific. At a population level, the degree of HLA-associated selection in viral sequence was predictive of viral load. These results support a fundamental role for HLA-restricted immune responses in driving and shaping HIV-1 evolution in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Corey B -- John, Mina -- James, Ian R -- Christiansen, Frank T -- Witt, Campbell S -- Mallal, Simon A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1439-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Level 2 North Block, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, WA 6000, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Alleles ; Cohort Studies ; Consensus Sequence ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; Genes, MHC Class I ; HIV Infections/*immunology/virology ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase/chemistry/*genetics/immunology ; HIV-1/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; HLA Antigens/*genetics/immunology ; HLA-A Antigens/genetics/immunology ; HLA-B Antigens/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Mutation ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Selection, Genetic ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Viral Load ; Western Australia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    NLRX1 is a regulator of mitochondrial antiviral immunity (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-18
    Description: The RIG-like helicase (RLH) family of intracellular receptors detect viral nucleic acid and signal through the mitochondrial antiviral signalling adaptor MAVS (also known as Cardif, VISA and IPS-1) during a viral infection. MAVS activation leads to the rapid production of antiviral cytokines, including type 1 interferons. Although MAVS is vital to antiviral immunity, its regulation from within the mitochondria remains unknown. Here we describe human NLRX1, a highly conserved nucleotide-binding domain (NBD)- and leucine-rich-repeat (LRR)-containing family member (known as NLR) that localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane and interacts with MAVS. Expression of NLRX1 results in the potent inhibition of RLH- and MAVS-mediated interferon-beta promoter activity and in the disruption of virus-induced RLH-MAVS interactions. Depletion of NLRX1 with small interference RNA promotes virus-induced type I interferon production and decreases viral replication. This work identifies NLRX1 as a check against mitochondrial antiviral responses and represents an intersection of three ancient cellular processes: NLR signalling, intracellular virus detection and the use of mitochondria as a platform for anti-pathogen signalling. This represents a conceptual advance, in that NLRX1 is a modulator of pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors rather than a receptor, and identifies a key therapeutic target for enhancing antiviral responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Chris B -- Bergstralh, Daniel T -- Duncan, Joseph A -- Lei, Yu -- Morrison, Thomas E -- Zimmermann, Albert G -- Accavitti-Loper, Mary A -- Madden, Victoria J -- Sun, Lijun -- Ye, Zhengmao -- Lich, John D -- Heise, Mark T -- Chen, Zhijian -- Ting, Jenny P-Y -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 31;451(7178):573-7. doi: 10.1038/nature06501. Epub 2008 Jan 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18200010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; Humans ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*immunology/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Virus Replication ; Viruses/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Observation of transition-state vibrational thresholds in the rate of dissociation of ketene (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-06-12
    Description: Rate constants for the dissociation of highly vibrationally excited ketene (CH(2)CO) have been measured at the threshold for the production of CH(2)((3)B(1)) and CO((1)Sigma(+)). The rate constant increases in a stepwise manner with increasing energy, consistent with the long-standing premise that the rate of a unimolecular reaction is controlled by flux through quantized transition-state thresholds. The data give the energies of the torsional and C-C-O bending vibrations of the transition state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lovejoy, E R -- Kim, S K -- Moore, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jun 12;256(5063):1541-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17836322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Gas-Phase Rates of Alkane C-H Oxidative Addition to a Transient CpRh(CO) Complex (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-17
    Description: The gas-phase irradiation of CpRh(CO)(2) (Cp = eta(5)-C(5)H(5)) was examined in order to study the rates of reaction of the 16-electron intermediates presumed to be involved in the C-H oxidative addition of alkanes. "Naked" (unsolvated) CpRh(CO) was detected, and direct measurements of the rates of reaction of this very short-lived complex with alkane C-H bonds were made. Activation of C-H bonds occurs on almost every collision for alkanes of moderate size, and intermediates in which the alkanes are bound to the metal centers, without their C-H bonds being fully broken, are implicated as intermediates in the overall reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wasserman, E P -- Moore, C B -- Bergman, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 17;255(5042):315-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17779581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    A silicate inclusion in Puente del Zacate, a IIIA iron meteorite (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-09-06
    Description: The IIIA and IIIB iron meteorites are considered to have formed in the cores of asteroids. A silicate inclusion within the IIIA meteorite Puente del Zacate consisting of olivine (Fa4), low-calcium pyroxene (Fs6Wo1), chromium diopside (Fs3Wo47), plagioclase (An14Or4), graphite, troilite, chromite, daubreelite, and iron metal resembles inclusions in IAB iron meteorites. The oxygen isotopic composition of the Puente del Zacate inclusion is like chromite and phosphate inclusions in other IIIA and IIIB irons. The Puente del Zacate inclusion may have been derived from the lower mantle of the IIIAB parent asteroid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, E J -- Davis, A M -- Clayton, R N -- Mayeda, T K -- Moore, C B -- Steele, I M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 6;273(5280):1365-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8703065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Meteoroids ; *Oxygen Isotopes ; Silicates/*analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Quantum Yield for Production of CH3NC in the Photolysis of CH3NCS (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-14
    Description: The ultraviolet spectrum of methyl isothiocyanate (CH(3)NCS) and the quantum yield for its dissociation into methyl isocyanide (CH(3)NC) and atomic sulfur at 308 nanometers, Phi = 0.98 +/- 0.24, were measured. Methyl isothiocyanate is widely used as an agricultural fumigant and readily enters the atmosphere during and after application. The results indicate that photodissociation by sunlight is an effective pathway for its removal from the atmosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alvarez, R A -- Moore, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jan 14;263(5144):205-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17839177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Duplication and Sub/Neofunctionalization of Malvolio, an Insect Homolog of Nramp, in the Subsocial Beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides (2017)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-06
    Description: With growing numbers of sequenced genomes, increasing numbers of duplicate genes are being uncovered. Here we examine Malvolio , a gene in the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) family, that has been duplicated in the subsocial beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides , which exhibits advanced parental behavior. There is only one copy of Mvl in honey bees and Drosophila, whereas in vertebrates there are two copies that are subfunctionalized. We first compared amino acid sequences for Drosophila, beetles, mice, and humans. We found a high level of conservation between the different species, although there was greater variation in the C-terminal regions. A phylogenetic analysis across multiple insect orders suggested that Mvl has undergone several independent duplications. To examine the potential for different functions where it has been duplicated, we quantified expression levels of Mvl1 and Mvl2 in eight tissues in N. vespilloides . We found that while Mvl1 was expressed ubiquitously, albeit at varying levels, expression of Mvl2 was limited to brain and midgut. Because Mvl has been implicated in behavior, we examined expression during different behavioral states that reflected differences in opportunity for social interactions and expression of parental care behaviors. We found differing expression patterns for the two copies, with Mvl1 increasing in expression during resource preparation and feeding offspring, and Mvl2 decreasing in these same states. Given these patterns of expression, along with the protein analysis, we suggest that Mvl in N. vespilloides has experienced sub/neofunctionalization following its duplication, and may be evolving differing and tissue-specific roles in behavior and physiology.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 8
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    Amino acids in an antarctic carbonaceous chondrite (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-19
    Description: Amino acids have been found in aqueous extracts of a C2 carbonaceous chondrite recovered from Antarctica. The composition of the amino acids strongly suggests that they have a meteoritic origin. Comparison of these results with those obtained with other C2 chondrites supports the view that Antarctic meteorites have not been significantly altered by terrestrial processes since their fall.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cronin, J R -- Pizzarello, S -- Moore, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 19;206(4416):335-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17733683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Abnormal polarity of thunderclouds grown from negatively charged air (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-26
    Description: Experiments were carried out in New Mexico to determine whether the electrification processes that lead to the formation of lightning in clouds are influenced by the polarity of the charges in the air from which the clouds grow. The normal, positive space charge in the sub-cloud air was reversed by negative charge released from an electrified wire, suspended across a 2-kilometer-wide canyon. On more than four occasions when the clouds over the wire grew and became electrified, they were of abnormal polarity with dominant positive charges instead of the usual negative charges in the lower part of the cloud. The formation of these abnormally electrified clouds suggests both that the electrification process in thunderclouds can be initiated and that its polarity may be determined by the small charges that are present in the atmosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, C B -- Vonnegut, B -- Rolan, T D -- Cobb, J W -- Holden, D N -- Hignight, R T -- McWilliams, S M -- Cadwell, G W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 26;233(4771):1413-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17830740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Understanding molecular dynamics quantum-state by quantum-state (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-22
    Description: It is now possible to resolve completely the initial and final quantum states in chemical processes. Spectra of reactive intermediates, of highly vibrationally excited molecules, and even of molecules in the process of falling apart have been recorded. This information has led to greater understanding of the molecular structure and dynamics of small gas-phase molecules. Many of the concepts and spectroscopic techniques that have been developed will be valuable throughout chemistry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawrance, W D -- Moore, C B -- Petek, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 22;227(4689):895-901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17821220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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