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  • 1
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    Is there a layer deep in the Earth that uncouples heat from mechanical work? (2014)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-11
    Description: The thermal expansion coefficient is presented as the coupling between heat energy and mechanical work. It is shown that when heat and work are uncoupled then very unusual material properties occurs: for example, acoustic p waves are not damped and heat is not generated from mechanical motion. It is found that at pressures defined by the bulk modulus divided by the Anderson–Grüneisen parameter, then the thermal expansion coefficient approaches zero in linear-elastic models. Very large pressures always reduce thermal expansion coefficients; the importance of a very small or even negative thermal expansion coefficient is discussed in relation to physical processes deep in the core and mantle of Earth. Models of the thermal expansion coefficients based on interatomic potentials which are always relegated to isometric conditions preclude any changes in volume due to temperature changes. However, it is known that the pressures in the Earth are large enough to effectively reduce thermal expansion coefficients to near zero which decouples heat from mechanical work.
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-9537
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 2
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    Orbitally driven eastwest antiphasing of South American precipitation (2009)
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, 2, pp. 210-214,
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Megadroughts at the dawn of Islam recorded in a 2600-year long stalagmite from northern Oman (2009)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Abstracts 11:EGU2009-8174-1 (EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, April 2009).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hydrogen decrepitation behavior of alloys and magnets based on Nd16Fe76B8 (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4626-4628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The hydrogen decrepitation (HD) behaviors of various forms of the permanent magnet alloy Nd16Fe76B8 and stoichiometric composition Nd11.8Fe82.3B5.9 have been investigated to provide background information on the production of sintered magnets by the HD process. The influence of the initial microstructures of the alloys on the subsequent HD behavior has been examined. Thus the as-cast ingots, homogenized ingots, and sintered magnets have been exposed to hydrogen at 2 bars of pressure at room temperature and the hydrogen absorption behaviors investigated by differential thermal analysis. The morphologies of the HD powders have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and have been related to the initial microstructures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344835
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropic hardness and fracture toughness of highly aligned YBa2Cu3O7−δ (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 2363-2367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The hardness and fracture toughness of aligned YBa2Cu3O7−δ obtained by melt processing was found to be highly anisotropic. Indentation measurements show that the (001), (100), and (010) planes are the preferred fracture planes in this material and that the critical stress intensity factor for propagating a crack on the (001) basal plane is the lowest, i.e., Kc001〈Kc100 or Kc010. Indentation crack length measurements on the (001) basal plane with the impression diagonals oriented parallel to the [100] and the [010] directions, indicate that the fracture toughness of these planes is K100/010air∼0.7 MPa m1/2. The hardness in this orientation was found to be 6.7 GPa. Measurements on a plane perpendicular to the basal plane resulted in a lower hardness of ∼3.8 GPa. This reduction in hardness is influenced by the extensive preferential cleavage of the (001) basal plane boundaries. The extremely low values of the fracture toughness suggest that considerable toughening would have to be achieved in melt-textured 123 for any practical bulk application. The presence of 211 phase and silver particles may serve to enhance the fracture toughness of aligned 123 by crack deflection and crack tip blunting respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351090
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New reflectometer systems for the DIII-D tokamak (abstract) : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4665-4665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: During a machine vent in December 1991, two new reflectometer systems were successfully installed and tested on the DIII-D tokamak. The first is an X-mode broadband system primarily intended for density profile measurements, utilizing BWO sources and covering Q and V frequency bands (33–50 and 50–75 GHz). The second system is an adaptation of a pre-existing inside launch (high field side) ECRH waveguide to provide an inside launch reflectometer capability at the same frequencies and polarization as an outside launch fixed frequency O-mode system. The new systems will have a dual role in both directly supporting the DIII-D physics program, and also acting as flexible and adaptable test beds for the development of reactor relevant reflectometer systems, such as required for ITER. Specific examples of planned measurements include investigation of possible in/out plasma asymmetries at the L–H transition and ELMs, and demonstration of routine and reliable density profile measurements. It is expected that preliminary data from the inside launch system will be available by the time of the conference. This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-86-ER53225 and General Atomics subcontract SC120536 under DOE Contract No. DE-AC03-89ER51114.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143656
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and operation of a backward wave oscillator based FIR scattering system for DIII-D : Eighth topical conference on high-temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3010-3013 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The laser-based far-infrared scattering system (λ=1.22 mm) on DIII-D is to be upgraded by the addition of a backward wave oscillator or carcinotron. By supplying up to 300 mW at λ=1.06 mm, the carcinotron is expected to increase the scattered power and signal-to-noise ratio by more than ten times. In addition, the laser has suffered from significant frequency pulling during high density discharges which has necessitated using undesirable geometry to obtain accuracy in the low-frequency part of the fluctuation spectrum. However, the carcinotron-based system will use an IF tracking system to simultaneously remove the excessive phase noise, frequency drift typical of high-frequency tubes, and the effects of frequency pulling. This should allow more reliable measurements of low-frequency asymmetric spectra under all discharge conditions. The local oscillator will be provided by a frequency doubled and locked klystron, to enable heterodyne detection of the scattered signal. Results of extensive laboratory tests of the carcinotron-based scattering apparatus are to be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141762
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UCLA FIR diagnostic systems on TEXT and developments for TEXT Upgrade (abstract) : Eighth topical conference on high−temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3071-3071 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A multipurpose multiview far-infrared diagnostic system is being designed and constructed for the TEXT Upgrade. The system's capabilities, designed to enhance the applications of the present FIR system on TEXT, will include two-view interferometry, polarimetry, and collective scattering in order to measure the plasma density profile, current profile, and density fluctuation distribution. The interferometer/polarimeter system will possess high spatial (Δx=1.5 cm) and high-density (≤5×1010 cm−3) resolution. Tomographic reconstruction techniques will be employed to investigate both the equilibrium and perturbed profiles of plasma density. This represents an extension of the present work on TEXT where MHD effects such as sawteeth, Mirnov oscillations, and disruptions have been studied. Two-view multichannel collective scattering (1≤k⊥≤20 cm−1) will allow the kr and kθ spectra to be measured simultaneously. Heterodyne detection permits the wave propagation direction and multiple modes to be resolved unambiguously. Cross correlation of signals from each view may produce significant improvement in the scattering system spatial resolution. A reflectometry system will also be installed to study fluctuations and provide more localized measurement. This work was supported by U.S. DOE contract No. DE-FG03-86ER-53225 and DE-FG03-88ER-53267.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141733
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostic system for Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 998-1001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 16-channel electron cyclotron emission (ECE) imaging diagnostic system has been developed and installed on the Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project for measuring plasma electron cyclotron emission with a temporal resolution of 2 μs. The high spatial resolution of the system is achieved by utilizing a low cost linear mixer/receiver array. Unlike conventional ECE diagnostics, the sample volumes of the ECE imaging system are aligned vertically, and can be shifted across the plasma cross-section by varying the local oscillator frequency, making possible 2D measurements of electron temperature profiles and fluctuations. The poloidal/radial wavenumber spectra and correlation lengths of Te fluctuations in the plasma core can also be obtained by properly positioning the focal plane of the imaging system. Due to these unique features, ECE imaging is an ideal tool for plasma transport study. Technical details of the system are described, together with preliminary experimental results. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149367
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of optical properties of metallic mirrors in microcavity structures (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 2825-2829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In thin metal films the phase change on reflection of incident light is dependent on the wavelength, the angle of incidence, the type of metal, and the metal thickness. These properties have been exploited to improve the performance of planar metal mirror microcavities. We model substantial alteration of peak emission wavelength and linewidth with mirror thickness. This allows the tuning of the cavity resonance wavelength by variation of metal mirror thickness. The dependence of the phase change on wavelength and angle of incidence can also be used to suppress the angular dependence of the cavity resonance wavelength. These effects are observed in silver-mirrored cavities containing the polymers poly(p-phenylene vinylene), (PPV), and a cyano-substituted derivative of PPV, MEH-CN-PPV. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363940
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