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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 23 (1980), S. 729-734 
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2780-2787 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The performance of a scintillating fiber (2 mm diameter) position sensitive detector (4.8×4.8 cm2 active area) for the single bremsstrahlung luminosity monitor at the VEPP-2M electron-positron collider in Novosibirsk, Russia is described. Custom electronics is triggered by coincident hits in the Y and Y planes of 24 fibers each, and reduces 64 photomultiplier signals to a 10-bit (X,Y) address. Hits are accumulated (10 kHz) in memory and display (few Hz) the VEPP-2M collision vertex. Fitting the strongly peaked distribution (∼3–4 mm at 1.6 m from the collision vertex of VEPP-2M) to the expected QED angular distribution yields a background in agreement with an independent determination of the VEPP-2M luminosity. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    British journal of management 8 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8551
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Multi-disciplinary perspectives from operational research, management information systems, purposeful activity systems, accounting and finance, transaction-cost economics and organization learning are discussed in relation to `contracting' in the NHS following the recent reforms, applied within the general framework of soft-systems methodology. These are then used to frame questions for collecting information about contracting practices and issues. The data so collected suggest that the issues and activities associated with contracting can be grouped into five interacting categories of: strategy formation, making enabling arrangements, operational management of contracted activities, identifying and relating to stakeholders, and carrying forward organizational learning from experience. Each of the disciplinary perspectives attributes significance to specific forms in these five activities.The possibility of some multi-disciplinary linking of theoretical perspectives is demonstrated. Information and purposeful systems are central to this, being on the one hand created by social processes which define relevant information and corporate alignments of purpose, and on the other hand patterns of activity that can be evaluated in terms of contribution to these purposes, with properties of greater or lesser inhibition of innovation to improve purpose achievement. As a case study of an attempt at inter-disciplinary research, it demonstrates that interdisciplinary linkage can be made, though certain epistemological issues are skated over in the process. On the basis of the case study, some of the richness and insight of the different perspectives is lost in the process. The critical debate about the neutrality of soft-systems methodology is commented on in the light of the study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 25 (1986), S. 898-900 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 103 (1972), S. 129-133 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Changes in NADH- and NADPH-linked glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH) activity have been measured following illumination of etiolated barley leaves. Both activities initially increase, then decrease to below the etiolated value. The latter change is dependent upon prior illumination but independent of the presence of roots or added ammonium sulphate. Subsequently a sustained increase of both activities occurs. Possible reasons for these changes and alterations in the ratio of the two GDH activities are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 21 (1975), S. 335-344 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Photosynthesis and protein synthesis were determined, by measuring uptake and incorporation of radioactive bicarbonate and L-valine, in some seashore and inland mosses after treatment with artificial seawater. In the inland species there was a progressive decline in both processes with increasing seawater concentration. Photosynthesis in the seashore mosses Grimmia maritima and Tortella flavovirens was unaffected by increasing seawater concentration, and supralittoral Ulota phyllantha was less seriously affected than epiphytic material from a subcoastal location. There was a marked decline in chlorophyll content and cessation of photosynthesis in the inland moss G. pulvinata after 3 days' seawater treatment whereas material treated with deionised water showed increased photosynthesis and chlorophyll levels over the same period. In G. maritima both chlorophyll levels and photosynthesis remained relatively unaffected by treatment with seawater for 4 days. Treatment of G. pulvinata with seawater and NaCl led to increased leakage of photosynthetic products to the external solution but this was insufficient to explain the reduction in carbon retained by the plant. The seawater-induced disruption of metabolism in inland bryophytes is believed to be primarily due to the uncontrolled entry of toxic ions into the moss cells whereas seawater tolerance in the seashore species probably reflects the possession of an efficient intracellular cation control mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 12 (1972), S. 309-315 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract As lichens are sensitive monitors of environmental pollution and are known to be affected by marine pollutants, a study was made of the effect of Kuwait crude oil and a solvent emulsifier (BP 1002) on the metabolism of the marine lichen Lichina pygmaea (Lightf.) C. Ag. Photosynthesis in the presence of NaH14CO3 enabled an investigation to be made of the effect of these pollutants on the total 14C-fixation and the pattern of 14C-fixation. Oil was shown to be substantially less inhibitory than the emulsifier to the total 14C fixed. The emulsifier, but not the oil, induced loss of labelled material from the lichen. No change was observed in the influence of oil or undiluted emulsifier after ageing. Combination of the emulsifier with either oil or sea water resulted in a decreased inhibitory effect, which was further reduced on ageing the mixture. It was concluded that the inhibitory component of the emulsifier was the surfactant and not the solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 18 (1973), S. 291-297 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Previous work on lichens suggested that the toxic component of the oil-spill emulsifier BP 1002 might be the surfactant rather than the solvent, to which toxicity is usually attributed. The effect of the emulsifier on both Lichina pygmaea and Xanthoria parietina (measured by reduced total photosynthetic 14C-fixation and enhanced loss of labelled material from the lichen) was shown to be mainly due to Surfactant B (coconut fatty diethanolamide) altering the permeability of the algal cell membranes. Surfactant A (nonylphenol ethylene oxide condensate) was less inhibitory but, by comparison with the response of free-living algae to the emulsifier, induced both leakiness and lysis of the blue-green algal cells in L. pygmaea. Pure solvent slightly reduced total 14C-fixation without altering the pattern of 14C-fixation. Observations on pigment removal showed the solvent to be capable of removing only the extra-cellular pigment parietin; Surfactant B induced loss of lipid- and water-soluble intracellular pigments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of glutamate (GDH), alanine (AlaDH), and aspartate (AspDH) dehydrogenases, glutamine synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase, and several aminotransferases was demonstrated in preparations of vegetative cells of Anabaena cylindrica cultured on an inorganic medium supplied with gaseous nitrogen or additionally supplemented with either ammonia, nitrite, or nitrate. GDH was mainly NADPH-linked in extracts of algae grown in the presence of atmospheric nitrogen and also ammonia, whilst nitrite and nitrate cultures predominantly showed NADH-linked activity. High activities of both AlaDH and AspDH were recorded in nitrogen-fixing algae; both amino acid dehydrogenases were NADH-specific. GDH in nitrogen-fixing cultures was the only enzyme of reductive amination found in appreciable amount in the lamellar fraction. Glutamine synthetase was most active in alga cultured on nitrogen, whilst greatest ornithine transcarbamylase activity was observed in ammonia-grown filaments. Aspartate-glutamate exceeded aspartate-alanine aminotransferase activity under all culture conditions and both were mainly localised in the supernatant fraction. Changes in activity of the amino acid dehydrogenases were attributed to cofactor competition with reductive processes involved in nitrogen, nitrite, and nitrate assimilation. Glutamine synthetase was considered to be regulated by the availability of ATP, being least under nitrogen-fixing conditions. High ornithine transcarbamylase activity was interpreted to provide a means for removal of excessive levels of ammonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Enzymes representative of, and related to, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle have been demonstrated in supernatant and lamellar fractions of Anabaena cylindrica cultured in the presence of atmospheric nitrogen, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. Nitrogen-fixing and ammonia-assimilating algae contained essentially similar levels of most enzymes tested, with the notable exception of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase which showed increased NADPH-linked activity with concomitant diminution of NADH-linked activity when ammonia was supplied. The provision of nitrite or nitrate caused significant enhancements of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and the related hexokinase and phosphohexoisomerase. Reduced activities of pyruvate kinase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and both NADH and NADPH oxidoreductases were recorded for nitrate-grown alga. The stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway, at the partial expense of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, in algae cultured with nitrite and nitrate was interpreted to be due to additional NADPH requirements imposed by induced nitrite reductase. Modification of the pyridine nucleotide linkage of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the oxidoreductases was attributed to diversion of reductant to nitrite and nitrate reductases and nitrogenase. The results are considered to indicate regulation of blue-green algal metabolism determined by the availability of pyridine nucleotides.
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