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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computerized video analysis of tethered bacteria (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 418-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: When a flagellar filament of a bacterial cell such as Escherichia coli is fixed to a glass surface, the cell body spins alternately clockwise and counterclockwise at speeds of up to 15 Hz. In cells wild type for chemotaxis, reversals occur about once per second. A typical experiment on bacterial behavior involves data collected from as many as 30 such cells over periods of about an hour. A system is described that makes practical detailed analysis of such a large body of data. Microscopic fields, each containing many tethered cells, were recorded on VHS cassettes with a shuttered multiframe video camera. The tapes were played back through hardware that encoded information from successive images of a given cell and passed that information on to a minicomputer. This computer, following instructions provided in an editing session, identified intervals during which the cell was rotating clockwise, rotating counterclockwise, or remained stationary. Output files were generated listing the times at which transitions between these states occurred and the speeds of the cell averaged over successive time periods. This output was then combined with that from other cells and/or processed by various applications programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139247
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ROTARY MOTOR OF BACTERIAL FLAGELLA (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 72 (2003), S. 19-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Flagellated bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, swim by rotating thin helical filaments, each driven at its base by a reversible rotary motor, powered by an ion flux. A motor is about 45 nm in diameter and is assembled from about 20 different kinds of parts. It develops maximum torque at stall but can spin several hundred Hz. Its direction of rotation is controlled by a sensory system that enables cells to accumulate in regions deemed more favorable. We know a great deal about motor structure, genetics, assembly, and function, but we do not really understand how it works. We need more crystal structures. All of this is reviewed, but the emphasis is on function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161737
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signal processing times in bacterial chemotaxis (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 296 (1982), S. 855-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cells were tethered to glass with antibodies directed against flagellar filaments, so that rotation of a cell body could be used to monitor the rotation of a flagellar motor17. Individual cells were observed with a microscope equipped with an opto-elec-tronic device that provided a continuous ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/296855a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid rotation of flagellar bundles in swimming bacteria (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 637-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The helical bundle of a swimming bacterium generates thrust, and the cell translates at a velocity at which this force is balanced longitudinal axes of the bundle and the cell body are not collinear, then the image of the body wobbles from side to side. If there is a net imbalance in the forces ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/325637a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on ‘The use of flash photolysis for … analysis of bacterial chemotactic behaviour …’Mol Microbiol 25: 295–302 (1997) (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 27 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.0705a.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of components of the chemotaxis machinery of Escherichia coli using fluorescent protein fusions (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We prepared fusions of yellow fluorescent protein [the YFP variant of green fluorescent protein (GFP)] with the cytoplasmic chemotaxis proteins CheY, CheZ and CheA and the flagellar motor protein FliM, and studied their localization in wild-type and mutant cells of Escherichia coli. All but the CheA fusions were functional. The cytoplasmic proteins CheY, CheZ and CheA tended to cluster at the cell poles in a manner similar to that observed earlier for methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), but only if MCPs were present. Co-localization of CheY and CheZ with MCPs was CheA dependent, and co-localization of CheA with MCPs was CheW dependent, as expected. Co-localization with MCPs was confirmed by immunofluorescence using an anti-MCP primary antibody. The motor protein FliM appeared as discrete spots on the sides of the cell. These were seen in wild-type cells and in a fliN mutant, but not in flhC or fliG mutants. Co-localization with flagellar structures was confirmed by immunofluorescence using an antihook primary antibody. Surprisingly, we did not observe co-localization of CheY with motors, even under conditions in which cells tumbled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02044.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial diplomacy (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 315 (1985), S. 354-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MODERN work on bacterial motility and taxis dates from the demonstration by Julius Adler (Science 166, 1588-1597; 1969) that the bacterium Escherichia coli has specific chemoreceptors: proteins near its outer surface that bind particular amino acids or sugars, causing the cell to respond favourably ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315354b0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Successive incorporation of force-generating units in the bacterial rotary motor (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 470-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cells of a motB inducible strain were tethered to a coverslip, exposed to a lac inducer, and viewed with a microscope linked to a video recorder. The rotational behaviour of one such cell is analysed in Fig. 1. The cell remained in roughly one position for 16.3 min following the addition of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/309470a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreception: Bovine-like rhodopsin in algae (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 311 (1984), S. 702-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE outer segment of the light-sensitive retinal rod has long been the system of choice for work on phototransduction in vision, from the isomerization of 11 -cis retinal to the transient closure of sodium channels in the plasma membrane. Recent advances have centred on amplification involving ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/311702a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Of bugs and brains (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 292 (1981), S. 870-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BACTERIA, the most primitive free-living organisms, continuously monitor the concentrations of chemicals in their environment, decide whether these concentrations are rising or falling, shift gears in their rotary engines and swim toward regions that they find more favourable. The modern armament ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/292870b0
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