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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computerized video analysis of tethered bacteria (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 418-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: When a flagellar filament of a bacterial cell such as Escherichia coli is fixed to a glass surface, the cell body spins alternately clockwise and counterclockwise at speeds of up to 15 Hz. In cells wild type for chemotaxis, reversals occur about once per second. A typical experiment on bacterial behavior involves data collected from as many as 30 such cells over periods of about an hour. A system is described that makes practical detailed analysis of such a large body of data. Microscopic fields, each containing many tethered cells, were recorded on VHS cassettes with a shuttered multiframe video camera. The tapes were played back through hardware that encoded information from successive images of a given cell and passed that information on to a minicomputer. This computer, following instructions provided in an editing session, identified intervals during which the cell was rotating clockwise, rotating counterclockwise, or remained stationary. Output files were generated listing the times at which transitions between these states occurred and the speeds of the cell averaged over successive time periods. This output was then combined with that from other cells and/or processed by various applications programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139247
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of components of the chemotaxis machinery of Escherichia coli using fluorescent protein fusions (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We prepared fusions of yellow fluorescent protein [the YFP variant of green fluorescent protein (GFP)] with the cytoplasmic chemotaxis proteins CheY, CheZ and CheA and the flagellar motor protein FliM, and studied their localization in wild-type and mutant cells of Escherichia coli. All but the CheA fusions were functional. The cytoplasmic proteins CheY, CheZ and CheA tended to cluster at the cell poles in a manner similar to that observed earlier for methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), but only if MCPs were present. Co-localization of CheY and CheZ with MCPs was CheA dependent, and co-localization of CheA with MCPs was CheW dependent, as expected. Co-localization with MCPs was confirmed by immunofluorescence using an anti-MCP primary antibody. The motor protein FliM appeared as discrete spots on the sides of the cell. These were seen in wild-type cells and in a fliN mutant, but not in flhC or fliG mutants. Co-localization with flagellar structures was confirmed by immunofluorescence using an antihook primary antibody. Surprisingly, we did not observe co-localization of CheY with motors, even under conditions in which cells tumbled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02044.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomechanics Bacterial flagellar switching under load (2003)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 423 (2003), S. 938-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Flagellated bacteria swim up gradients of chemical attractants by modulating the direction of rotation of their flagellar motors, but how this switching mechanism works is not understood. Here we show that the probability of the motor rotating in the clockwise direction increases under high ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/423938a
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Torque-generating units of the flagellar motor of Escherichia coli have a high duty ratio (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 444-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Rotation of the bacterial flagellar motor is driven by an ensemble of torque-generating units containing the proteins MotA and MotB. Here, by inducing expression of MotA in motA- cells under conditions of low viscous load, we show that the limiting speed of the motor is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35000233
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional interactions between receptors in bacterial chemotaxis (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 428 (2004), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Bacterial chemotaxis is a model system for signal transduction, noted for its relative simplicity, high sensitivity, wide dynamic range and robustness. Changes in ligand concentrations are sensed by a protein assembly consisting of transmembrane receptors, a coupling protein (CheW) and a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02406
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ROTARY MOTOR OF BACTERIAL FLAGELLA (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 72 (2003), S. 19-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Flagellated bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, swim by rotating thin helical filaments, each driven at its base by a reversible rotary motor, powered by an ion flux. A motor is about 45 nm in diameter and is assembled from about 20 different kinds of parts. It develops maximum torque at stall but can spin several hundred Hz. Its direction of rotation is controlled by a sensory system that enables cells to accumulate in regions deemed more favorable. We know a great deal about motor structure, genetics, assembly, and function, but we do not really understand how it works. We need more crystal structures. All of this is reviewed, but the emphasis is on function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161737
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on ‘The use of flash photolysis for … analysis of bacterial chemotactic behaviour …’Mol Microbiol 25: 295–302 (1997) (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 27 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.0705a.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex patterns formed by motile cells of Escherichia coli (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 349 (1991), S. 630-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Examples of patterns formed in semi-solid agar are shown in Fig. 1. The spots or stripes are dense accumulations of cells visualized by scattered light. They arise sequentially in the wake of a spreading circular band, as shown in Fig. 2. In this experiment, the band appeared at the edge of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/349630a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreception: Bovine-like rhodopsin in algae (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 311 (1984), S. 702-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE outer segment of the light-sensitive retinal rod has long been the system of choice for work on phototransduction in vision, from the isomerization of 11 -cis retinal to the transient closure of sodium channels in the plasma membrane. Recent advances have centred on amplification involving ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/311702a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial diplomacy (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 315 (1985), S. 354-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MODERN work on bacterial motility and taxis dates from the demonstration by Julius Adler (Science 166, 1588-1597; 1969) that the bacterium Escherichia coli has specific chemoreceptors: proteins near its outer surface that bind particular amino acids or sugars, causing the cell to respond favourably ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315354b0
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