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  • 1
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    Cities Made of Boundaries (2021)
    UCL Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Cities Made of Boundaries presents the theoretical foundation and concepts for a new social scientific urban morphological mapping method, Boundary Line Type (BLT) Mapping. Its vantage is a plea to establish a frame of reference for radically comparative urban studies positioned between geography and archaeology. Based in multidisciplinary social and spatial theory, a critical realist understanding of the boundaries that compose built space is operationalised by a mapping practice utilising Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Benjamin N. Vis gives a precise account of how BLT Mapping can be applied to detailed historical, reconstructed, contemporary, and archaeological urban plans, exemplified by sixteenth- to twenty-first century Winchester (UK) and Classic Maya Chunchucmil (Mexico). This account demonstrates how the functional and experiential difference between compact western and tropical dispersed cities can be explored. The methodological development of Cities Made of Boundaries will appeal to readers interested in the comparative social analysis of built environments, and those seeking to expand the evidence-base of design options to structure urban life and development.
    Keywords: Boundary Line Type Mapping ; Cities ; Built space ; Built environment ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMA Theory of architecture ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMC Architectural structure and design ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMD Architecture: professional practice ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSD Urban communities ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBK Sociology: family and relationships ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBL Sociology: work and labour
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of high-beta ballooning modes (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 28 (1985), S. 392-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ballooning instabilities are studied in the Berkeley multiple mirror experiment. Counterstreaming theta pinch and Marshall gun source hydrogen plasmas are used to achieve a high beta ( β〉25%), where β is the ratio of plasma to magnetic pressure at temperatures Te=Ti≈15 eV. Four magnetic field configurations are investigated, each at varying mirror ratios, to explore a range of drive and connection length parameters. In two of these the magnetic field is pulsed from a stable to a locally unstable configuration for initiation of ballooning activity. The other two (static) configurations are a weakly unstable local field region, and the standard linked quadrupole multiple-mirror configuration. Depending on the configuration, critical β's are found for the onset of ballooning that vary from 5% for the most unstable configuration to greater than 25% for the standard multiple-mirror configuration. The m=1 azimuthal mode is predominant, with some admixture of m=2. The experimental results are compared with predictions from a magnetohydrodynamic theory. In the model the pressure is taken to be isotropic and constant along the axis, except in the diverging field regions at the device ends where the pressure falls to maintain beta constant, consistent with experimental observations. The theoretical results generally predict somewhat higher critical betas for the m=1 mode than those observed. Estimates of the effect of finite Larmor radii, nearby conducting walls, axially nonuniform pressure profiles and resistivity, are also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865162
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design considerations and performance characteristics of a dual mode time-of-flight mass spectrometer system for surface reactivity studies (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 3160-3170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have designed a reflectron type time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) system with both SIMS and electron impact (EI) ion optics. The system was designed to study the interaction of solid surfaces with reactive species initially in the gas phase. In the EI mode, the main TOFMS assembly, which consists of the flight tubes, reflectron, and a channel plate detector, is fitted with the EI ion source. The entire TOFMS is mounted in a rotatable cage permitting 270° of rotation about the sample center. Reactive species are supplied by a pulsed molecular beam source. The EI source has an unobstructed view of the target throughout most of the 2π solid angle defined by the plane of the sample. Angular and time-resolved detection of scattered beam species and desorbed reaction products to a limiting partial pressure of ∼10−13 Pa is possible in this configuration. In the SIMS detection configuration, the main TOFMS assembly is refitted with SIMS extraction optics and repositioned on the sample axis. The pulsed molecular beam source is again used to supply reactive species. By controlling the timing relationship between the arrival of the pulsed molecular beam and the pulsed ion beam used to sputter the target, time-resolved detection of transient surface species is possible. A 50% mass resolution of ∼1400 has been demonstrated in both operating modes. The feasibility of time-resolved detection in both operating modes has also been demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140547
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compact pulsed molecular beam system for real-time reactive scattering from solid surfaces (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 1014-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a compact system providing the capability of striking a sample surface with a short pulse of reactive gas in an UHV environment and monitoring the evolution of ensuing volatile reaction products. A 300-Hz rotating disk chopper synchronized with a pulsed valve produces molecular beam pulses of 12-μs FWHM at the chopper position. Only one stage of differential pumping separates the pulsed valve chamber from the target chamber with the latter under UHV conditions. The source of the molecular beam, comprised of the chambers containing the pulsed valve and the rotating disk chopper, occupies less than one square meter of floor space. Beam characterization is accomplished by the use of two UHV compatible fast ion gauges located in the target chamber. Reaction products are monitored with microsecond resolution via a differentially pumped quadrupole mass spectrometer located at right angles to the beam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139602
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate and human health (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Nitrate is widely and mistakenly perceived to threaten human health by causing methaemoglobinaemia in infants and stomach cancer in adults, but it does cause environmental problems. Methaemoglobinaemia is a side-effect of gastroenteritis and is not caused by nitrate but by nitric oxide, which is produced in a defensive reaction stimulated by gastroenteritis. The latter may be caused by a bacterium or a virus. The association of methaemoglobinaemia with nitrate may have arisen because early cases of the condition were often associated with wells polluted with bacteria, and the same pollution increased the nitrate concentration. Four epidemiological studies sought a link between stomach cancer and nitrate but did not find one. The incidence of this cancer has also declined during the last 30 years, while nitrate concentrations in water have increased. Nitrate preserves, rather than threatens, health. It is reduced by microbes on the tongue to nitrite, which generates nitric oxide when acidified in an antibacterial defence mechanism vital to our well-being. This mechanism acts with great effectiveness in the stomach against Salmonella, Escherichia coli and other organisms that cause gastroenteritis. It also acts in our mouths against dental caries and even on our skin against fungal pathogens such as Tinea pedis (athlete's foot). This mechanism is the basis of the centuries-old practice of adding nitrate or nitrite to stored meat to protect against botulism, caused by the most lethal toxin known to mankind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00344.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Morphogenetic Cycle in Euplotes eurystomus and Its Bearing on Problems of Ciliate Morphogenesis (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 12 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The normal cycle of asexual reproduction in Euplotes eurystomus was subjected to a detailed morphological study using whole-mounted and sectioned material prepared by the method of silver impregnation. The cycle was arbitrarily divided into 7 stages (numbered 0–6) characterized by nuclear and cortical events. Particular attention was focused on the development of the oral primordium (OP), and the production of new kinetal cilia (or “dorsal bristles”).The OP is interpreted as originating from an invagination or infolding of the parental cortex, followed by considerable in situ growth and differentiation beneath the cell surface. It is suggested that differentiation beneath the parental cell surface may in some way facilitate morphogenesis of other cortical structures without necessitating dedifferentiation of the parent's buccal apparatus. During stage 6, the division constriction plays an important morphogenetic role in shaping the opisthe's buccal apparatus.During stage 4, a zone of ciliary increase (ZCI) appears in the central portion of each kinety. New kinetal cilia arise as semi-circular clusters of 1 to 9 kinetosomes flanking each old basal structure; the latter persist until the new organelles are well established. An analysis of total kinetal cilia in animals during stages 0 to 3 indicates that, while ciliary number varies according to animal size, there is no increase in cilia prior to formation of the ZCI.Several aspects of the asexual cycle in Euplotes seem to bear importantly on the more general problem of ciliate morphogenesis. The pattern or gradient concept might be useful in the analysis of factors determining primordial sites, although later development of the primordium into a specific organelle or organelle system is probably controlled by autonomous epigenetic processes that are somewhat independent of the parental cortical pattern. The hypothesis of kinetosome continuity cannot account for the origin of primordial fields in cortical regions remote from pre-existing kinetosomes, as observed in Euplotes. The initiation of morphogenetic activity on the cortex is closely correlated with, and may be causally related to, the appearance of replication bands in the macronucleus. The known metabolic significance of these bands, particularly the release of nuclear RNA, lends support to this suggestion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03266.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Terms of Trade and Sectoral Reallocations (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of international economics 13 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A commonly held view is that a small open economy adjusts to a negative external shock by switching both expenditure and resources toward the domestic traded goods sector. We show that, when both labor and imported inputs are used as factors of production, the average labor intensity in the nontraded sector may increase substantially with a decline in the terms of trade. This can lead to an internal transfer of labor into the nontraded sector, and an improvement in the trade balance even with a decline in traded sector output. This result depends on a combination of a high elasticity of substitution across nontraded varieties and large differences in labor intensities in the production of nontraded varieties. Our analysis suggests that intersectoral labor flows are not necessarily a good measure of an economy's flexibility, and that intersectoral resource reallocation and expenditure-switching can move in opposite directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2005.00543.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical Methods in Chemistry (1960)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 32 (1960), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60161a006
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical Methods in Chemistry (1962)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 34 (1962), S. 294-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60185a030
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical Methods in Chemistry (1964)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 36 (1964), S. 344-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60211a028
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