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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of l-lysine supplementation of diets with different protein levels and sources on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Semipurified diets containing either 25% or 30% crude protein (CP) from soy isolate (soy) or 30% CP from casein and gelatin (casein) were supplemented with either of two levels of L-lysine HCI (0 or 0·5% of diet) in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement and fed to fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), in aquaria for 8 weeks. Factorial analysis of variance indicated a significant (P 〈 0·001) positive effect of lysine on weight gain, protein conversion efficiency (PCE) and feed efficiency. Fish fed the soy diet containing 25% CP showed increased weight gain of 24% with lysine supplementation while fish fed soy and casein diets containing 30% CP showed increases of 11 % and 3%, respectively. However, supplementing the 25% CP soy diet with 0–5% L-lysine HCI did not enhance growth performance to the level offish fed the unsupplemented 30% CP soy diet. Significant effects of dietary protein levels and sources on weight gain, PCE, feed efficiency, haematocrit, hepatosomatic index (HSI; % liver weight), intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio, dry matter of fillet and whole-body, as well as lipid and protein content of whole-body tissue, were also observed. Fish fed the casein diet containing 30% CP had the greatest weight gain, PCE, feed efficiency, haematocrit and whole-body protein values and lowest IPF ratio and whole-body lipid values compared with those of fish fed the soy diets. Supplemental lysine did not affect body condition indices or proximate composition of whole-body and fillet tissues of fish fed the different protein sources. Therefore, based on this study, dietary protein levels and sources significantly influenced performance characteristics of channel catfish and supplemental lysine was most beneficial at a reduced CP level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1994.tb00711.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dietary lipid and reduced glutathione on composition and storage quality of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 24 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Semi-purified casein/gelatin diets containing two levels of lipid (5 or 10%) and three levels of reduced glutathione (0,0·1 or 1·0%) in a factorial arrangement were fed to fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), in aquaria for 10 weeks. Factorial analysis of variance indicated that dietary lipid had significant (P 〈 0·05) effects on growth, feed efficiency and body composition of channel catfish. Diets containing 10% lipid generally produced higher weight gain and feed efficiency values as well as higher intraperitoneal fat. The higher level of dietary lipid also produced lower moisture and higher lipid (on a wet-weight basis) levels in whole-body and fillet tissues. Stability of fillet samples was estimated by 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) analysis which revealed that 10% dietary lipid significantly elevated fillet TBA values while glutathione did not have any effect. Therefore, dietary lipid level altered growth and body composition of channel catfish as well as oxidative stability of fillet samples while dietary glutathione was generally ineffective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1993.tb00620.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reevaluation of the optimum dietary protein level for the maximum growth of juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf) (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Aquaculture research 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This experiment was conducted to reevaluate the optimum dietary protein level for the maximum growth of juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). Lyophilized rockfish muscle and casein were used as the major protein sources in the basal diet. After 1 week of the conditioning period, triplicate groups of 20 fish averaging 7.3 ± 0.04 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of five semipurified diets containing the graded levels of 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% or 60% crude protein (CP). After 8 weeks of the feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed 60% CP diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed 45%, 40% and 35% CP diets. There was no significant difference in WG and SGR between fish fed 60% and 50%, and between fish fed 50% and 45%. Fish fed 60%, 50% and 45% CP diets had a higher feed efficiency ratio (FER) than did fish fed 40% and 35% CP diets. There was no significant difference in FER between fish fed 40% and 35% CP diets, and among fish fed 60%, 50% and 45% CP diets. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was inversely related to the dietary protein level in a linear fashion. Whole-body protein and fat content were negatively correlated, and ash content was not affected by varying dietary protein levels. Broken-line analysis indicated that the optimum dietary protein level could be 48.6% ± 3.45% (mean ± SD) for maximum WG in this study. Therefore, these findings suggest that the optimum dietary protein level for maximum growth could be equal to or greater than 48.6%, but less than 50% CP containing 16.7 kJ g−1 in juvenile Korean rockfish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1355-557x.2001.00010.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemoglobin powder as a dietary fish meal replacer in juvenile Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica (Temminck et Schlegel) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 28 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two consecutive 6-week feeding trials were conducted to determine the amount of haemoglobin powder (BM) that could replace fish meal (FM) in juvenile Japanese eel Anguilla japonica (Temminck et Schlegel) diets. Fish were fed 50% crude protein diets in which each of ten isonitrogenous diets was formulated to contain white fish meal and/or blood meal as the dietary protein source to replace FM by BM as follows: Diet 1 (control), 0% BM; diet 2,12.5% BM; diet 3,25% BM; diet 4, 50% BM; diet 5, 75% BM; diet6,100%BM;diet7,25%BM + 3 Essential Amino Acids (EAA); diet 8, 50% BM + 3 EAA; diet 9, 75% BM + 3 EAA; diet 10, 100 BM + 3 EAA. In the first 6-week period, the results were not consistent with the treatments, and poor adaptation of the fish to the experimental diets and conditions was observed. In the second 6-week period, weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value offish fed diets 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9 were not significantly different from those of fish fed the control diet (P 〉 0.05). However, feed conversion ratios offish fed diets 6 and 10 were lower than that offish fed the control diet (P 〈 0.05). These results demonstrate that FM can be replaced by BM up to 50% without supplementation of three EAA, and up to 75% with three EAA supplementation in juvenile Japanese eel diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1997.00887.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimum dietary protein level for maximum growth of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel) (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein level for juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel) fed a white fish meal and casein-based diets for 8 weeks. Olive flounder with an initial body weight of 4.1 ± 0.02 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the six isocaloric diets containing 35%, 45%, 50%, 55% and 65% crude protein (CP) at a feeding rate of 4–5% of wet body weight on a dry-matter basis to triplicate groups of 20 fish per aquarium. After 8 weeks of feeding, per cent weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency ratios of fish fed the 55% CP diet were not significantly higher than those from fish fed the 50% and 65% CP diets, but significantly higher than those from fish fed the 35% and 45% CP diets. Fish fed the 50%, 55% and 65% CP diets had significant higher specific growth rates than did fish fed the 35% and 45% CP diets; however, there was no significant difference among fish fed the 50%, 55% and 65% CP diets. The protein efficiency ratio was inversely related to the dietary protein level; that is, maximum efficiency occurred at the lowest dietary protein level. Broken-line model analysis indicated that the optimum dietary protein level was 51.2 ± 1.8% for maximum weight gain in juvenile olive flounder. The second-order polynomial regression analysis showed that the maximum WG occurred at 57.7% and it revealed that the minimum range of protein requirement was between 44.2% and 46.4%. These findings suggest that the optimum dietary protein level for maximum growth could be greater than 46.4%, but less than 51.2% CP in fish meal and casein-based diets containing 17.0 kJ g−1 energy for juvenile olive flounder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00704.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparent protein and phosphorus digestibilities of five different dietary protein sources in Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf) (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Aquaculture research 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the apparent protein and phosphorus digestibilities in order to evaluate five different dietary protein sources in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Five diets containing fish meal analog (BAIFA-MTM), white fish meal (WFM), rockfish muscle (RM), soybean meal (SM) or corn gluten meal (CGM) were prepared by mixing a basal diet (BD) with one of five test ingredients at the ratio of 7:3. As a reference diet, BD contained three different protein sources, such as casein, gelatin and rockfish muscle. Fish averaging 3.1 ± 0.03 g (mean ± SD) were distributed to each aquarium as a group of 20 fish reared in the recirculating system. Fish of triplicate groups were fed one of six experimental diets (BD + five test diets). Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, protein and phosphorus of six diets were determined by the chromic oxide (Cr2O3) method. After 6 weeks of the feeding trial, apparent protein digestibilities of RM, WFM, CGM, SM and BAIFA-MTM were 92.6%, 87.5%, 79.1%, 76.2% and 70.6%. Apparent phosphorus digestibilities of RM, BAIFA-MTM, WFM, CGM and SM were 77.5%, 66.9%, 59.5%, 22.2% and 12.6%. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) ranked with RM 〉 WFM, BD 〉 BAIFA-MTM, CGM and SM (P 〈 0.05). PER was positively correlated with apparent protein digestibility (r2 = 0.82, P 〈 0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1355-557x.2001.00009.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Chlorella powder as a feed additive on growth performance in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf) (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Aquaculture research 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Chlorella powder (CHP) as a feed additive on growth performance in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). Six experimental diets were supplemented with Chlorella powder (CHP) at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 4.0% (CHP0, CHP0.5, CHP1.0, CHP1.5, CHP2.0 and CHP4.0, respectively) of diet as a dry matter basis. Three replicate groups of fish averaging 2.1 ± 0.02 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of six experimental diets for 12 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish fed CHP0.5 had a higher weight gain and specific growth rate than did fish fed CHP0, CHP1.5, CHP2.0 and CHP4.0. However, there was no significant difference among fish fed CHP0.5 and CHP1.0. Fish fed CHP0.5 had a significantly higher feed efficiency ratio and a protein efficiency ratio than did fish fed the other diets. Fish fed CHP4.0 had a lower significantly serum total lipid than did fish fed CHP0, CHP0.5 and CHP1.0, however, there was no significant difference among fish fed CHP1.5, CHP2.0 and CHP4.0. Fish fed CHP2.0 had significantly higher serum albumin and lower serum glucose than did fish fed CHP0. Fish fed CHP4.0 had significantly higher liver protein and lower liver fat than did fish fed the other diets. These results suggest that the optimum dietary CHP supplementation level could be approximately 0.5% of diet for positive effects on growth and feed utilization without any negative effects on blood parameters and body composition in juvenile Korean rockfish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1355-557x.2001.00008.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional effects of protein source in starter diets for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque) in suboptimal water temperature (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Intensive tank rearing of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque) fry can be successfully accomplished with commonly available ‘salmonid’ starter diets. Ingredient substitution in starter diets is less important from the cost perspective but growth, survival and health of fish are major concerns. Several combinations of fish meals and animal protein substitutes were evaluated in diet formulations for hatchery rearing of catfish fry. Sub-optimal thermal conditions were used which are characteristic for the north-central USA where catfish culture is important for stocking purposes and live-fish markets. A diet formulated on the basis of menhaden fish meal (29.1%), herring fish meal (25.1%) and animal by-product mixture (16.38%) gave numerically the highest growth rate after 13 weeks of feeding, although growth reductions in fish fed diets exclusively with mehaden meal (77.6%) as protein or substituted with 50% animal by-product protein were not significant. Instantaneous mortality rates were the highest between weeks 2 and 4 of rearing and increased almost proportionally with the increased fish meal protein substitution. A diet based on menhaden fish meal had the highest concentration of phosphorus and several other essential minerals, but these were not reflected in the mineral composition of the fish body at the termination of feeding. Among activities of digestive enzymes, trypsin was depressed in fish offered diets with 75–100% fish meal protein replacement. A diet superior in terms of fish performance was defined in the present study and it was concluded that the initial feeding can greatly affect physiological status of juvenile channel catfish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00494.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The patterns of plasma free amino acids after force-feeding in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) with and without dorsal aorta cannulation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Aquaculture research 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two experiments were conducted to compare the patterns of plasma free amino acid concentrations after force-feeding in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) with and without dorsal aorta cannulation. In the first experiment, 35 rainbow trout averaging 504 ± 7.8 g (mean ± SD) were divided into seven groups of five fish each. After 48 h starvation, a group of fish was anaesthetized and blood samples were taken at one of the following time periods: 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after feeding. In the second experiment, five dorsal aorta cannulated rainbow trout averaging 511 ± 6.2 g (mean ± SD) were kept in a cage. After 48 h starvation, the fish were anaesthetized and blood samples were taken from the same fish at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after feeding. In the first experiment, the concentration of all plasma free amino acids except histidine and glycine peaked at 4 h and returned to the basal level 24 h after feeding. In the second experiment, the concentration of all plasma free amino acids except isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan also peaked at 4 h and returned to the basal level 24 h after feeding. These results showed that the pattern of plasma free amino acid concentrations from fish with and without dorsal aorta cannulation were similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0455.2002.430501.x-i1
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  • 10
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    Effects of different three live foods on growth performance and survival rates in Beluga (Huso huso) larvae (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: To determine the best live food and to reevaluate the optimal weaning period for beluga fish (Huso huso) larvae, seven experimental diets: Daphina (DP), Chironomids (CH), Gammarid (G), Daphina + formulated diet (DPFD), Chironomids + formulated diet (CHFD), Gammarid + formulated diet (GFD ) and formulated diet (FD ) in triplicate groups were fed to 4662 sixteen-days-old larvae which were captured from the stock tank and randomly distributed into 21 tanks. The microdiets contained 48-50% crude protein, 12-13% crude fat, 9-11% moisture and 8.5-9.5% ash . After 25 days feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish fed CHFD were significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets ( P〈 0.05) . Frequent cannibalism and higher mortality in larvae fed G, GFD and FD diets were observed. These results may show the importance of live food followed by formulated diets in a gradual application pattern, as early as on the fourth to fifth day after hatching.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Beluga larvae ; Huso huso ; Live food ; Specific growth rate ; Survival
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.118-131
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