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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PART III. VESTIBULOSPINAL AND SKELETAL MOTOR CODING Comparison of Spatial Transformation in Vestibulo-ocular and Vestibulocollic Reflexes (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 545 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb19565.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An absolute measurement of the lattice parameter of germanium using multiple-beam X-ray diffractometry (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 364-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The d spacing of the 355 reflexion in silicon has been compared with the d spacing of the 800 reflexion in germanium using pseudo non-dispersive multiple-beam X-ray diffractometry with Mo Ka1 radiation. This technique gives the ratio of the two lattice parameters without the need for a precise knowledge of the X-ray wavelength. Symmetric transmission geometry was used to eliminate the refractive index correction. The results were: {{d(800 Ge)}\over{d(355 Si)}} = 1.0002348 (± 0.0000006) at 22.5 °C and {{d(800 Ge)}\over{d(355 Si}} = 1.0002458 ( ± 0-0000016) at 25 °C. By using the known lattice parameter of silicon obtained by X-ray and optical interferometry it was found that the lattice parameter of germanium at 25 °C is 5.6579060 ± 0.0000092 Å.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000769
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Higher Technological Education (1953)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 172 (1953), S. 270-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ONE of the liveliest discussions at the Congress of the Universities of the Commonwealth, held in Cambridge during July 13-17, arose at the meeting on "Higher Technological Education". The opening speakers were Prof. J. F. Baker, head of the Department of Engineering, Cambridge, Dr. K. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/172270a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vestibuloocular reflex arc analysis using an experimentally constrained neural network (1992)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 67 (1992), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The primary function of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) is to maintain the stability of retinal images during head movements. This function is expressed through a complex array of dynamic and adaptive characteristics whose essential physiological basis is a disynaptic arc. We present a model of normal VOR function using a simple neural network architecture constrained by the physiological and anatomical characteristics of this disynaptic reflex arc. When tuned using a method of global optimization, this network is capable of exhibiting the broadband response characteristics observed in behavioral tests of VOR function. Examination of the internal units in the network show that this performance is achieved by rediscovering the solution to VOR processing first proposed by Skavenski and Robinson (1973). Type I units at the intermediate level of the network possess activation characteristics associated with either pure position or pure velocity. When the network is made more complex either through adding more pairs of internal units or an additional level of units, the characteristic division of unit activation properties into position and velocity types remains unchanged. Although simple in nature, the results of our simulations reinforce the validity of bottom-up approaches to modeling of neutral function. In addition, the architecture of the network is consistent with current ideas on the characteristics and site of adaptation of the reflex and should be compatible with current theories regarding learning rules for synaptic modification during VOR adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201018
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of adaptive mechanisms in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (1992)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 67 (1992), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), which stabilizes the eyes in space during head movements, can undergo adaptive modification to maintain retinal stability in response to natural or experimental challenges. A number of models and neural sites have been proposed to account for this adaptation but these do not fully explain how the nervous system can detect and correct errors in both gain and phase of the VOR. This paper presents a general error correction algorithm based on the multiplicative combination of three signals (retinal slip velocity, head position, head velocity) directly relevant to processing of the VOR. The algorithm is highly specific, requiring the combination of particular sets of signals to achieve compensation. It is robust, with essentially perfect compensation observed for all gain (0.25X–4.0X) and phase (-180°–+180°) errors tested. Output of the model closely resembles behavioral data from both gain and phase adaptation experiments in a variety of species. Imposing physiological constraints (no negative activation levels or changes in the sign of unit weights) does not alter the effectiveness of the algorithm. These results suggest that the mechanisms implemented in our model correspond to those implemented in the brain of the behaving organism. Predictions concerning the nature of the adaptive process are specific enough to permit experimental verification using electrophysiological techniques. In addition, the model provides a strategy for adaptive control of any first order mechanical system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201017
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal imperfections in silicon epitaxial layers grown on ion-implanted substrates (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1975), S. 1259-1261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541417
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of mycobacterial growth in middlebrook 7H12 medium by polyoxyethylene stearate (1988)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 17 (1988), S. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Studies were carried out to enhance mycobacterial growth in 7H12 (BACTEC 12A) radiometric medium. Out of 10 different additives investigated, addition of 100 mcg polyoxy-ethylene stearate (POES)/ml enhanced growth of many mycobacteria, especially ofMycobacterium tuberculosis andM. bovis (TB), with no adverse effects. Evaluation of the growth-enhancing effect of POES in 7H12 medium during primary isolation of 117 mycobacterial cultures from clinical specimens indicated significant time saving due to the rapid growth of mycobacteria, especially of TB. The growth index (GI) in 7H12 medium increased much more rapidly in the POES-containing medium, with smears for acid-fast bacilli available sooner owing to higher biomass. This enhanced growth also allowed earlier differentiation of TB from other mycobacteria by the BACTEC NAP test and earlier initiation of indirect drug susceptibility tests, with results available approximately 2–3 days sooner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01568794
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  • 8
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    Prompt acceleration of magnetospheric electrons to ultrarelativistic energies by the 17 March 2015 interplanetary shock (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-16
    Description: Trapped electrons in Earth's outer Van Allen radiation belt are influenced profoundly by solar phenomena such as high-speed solar wind streams, coronal mass ejections (CME), and interplanetary (IP) shocks. In particular, strong IP shocks compress the magnetosphere suddenly and result in rapid energization of electrons within minutes. It is believed that the electric fields induced by the rapid change in the geomagnetic field are responsible for the energization. During the latter part of March 2015, a CME impact led to the most powerful geomagnetic storm (minimum Dst  = −223 nT at 17 March, 23 UT) observed not only during the Van Allen Probe era but also the entire preceding decade. Magnetospheric response in the outer radiation belt eventually resulted in elevated levels of energized electrons. The CME itself was preceded by a strong IP shock whose immediate effects vis-a-vis electron energization were observed by sensors on board the Van Allen Probes. The comprehensive and high-quality data from the Van Allen Probes enable the determination of the location of the electron injection, timescales, and spectral aspects of the energized electrons. The observations clearly show that ultrarelativistic electrons with energies E  〉 6 MeV were injected deep into the magnetosphere at L  ≈ 3 within about 2 min of the shock impact. However, electrons in the energy range of ≈250 keV to ≈900 keV showed no immediate response to the IP shock. Electric and magnetic fields resulting from the shock-driven compression complete the comprehensive set of observations that provide a full description of the near-instantaneous electron energization.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    The evolution of ring current ion energy density and energy content during geomagnetic storms based on Van Allen Probes measurements (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-26
    Description: Enabled by the comprehensive measurements from the MagEIS, HOPE, and RBSPICE instruments onboard Van Allen Probes in the heart of the radiation belt, the relative contributions of ions with different energies and species to the ring current energy density and their dependence on the phases of geomagnetic storms are quantified. The results show that lower energy (〈50 keV) protons enhance much more often and also decay much faster than higher energy protons. During the storm main phase, ions with energies 〈 50 keV contribute more significantly to the ring current than those with higher energies; while the higher energy protons dominate during the recovery phase and quiet times. The enhancements of higher energy proton fluxes as well as energy content generally occur later than those of lower energy protons, which could be due to the inward radial diffusion. For the March 29, 2013 storm we investigated in detail, the contribution from O + is ~25% of the ring current energy content during the main phase, and the majority of that comes from 〈 50 keV O + . This indicates that even during moderate geomagnetic storms the ionosphere is still an important contributor to the ring current ions. Using the Dessler-Parker-Sckopke relation, the contributions of ring current particles to the magnetic field depression during this geomagnetic storm are also calculated. The results show that the measured ring current ions contribute about half of the Dst depression.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Simulation of adaptive mechanisms in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (1992)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0340-1200
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0770
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Published by Springer
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