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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistence of Ladino white clover ecotypes and its relationship with other agronomic traits (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sixteen landraces and twelve natural populations of Ladino white clover, and six large-leaved control varieties, were assessed in Lodi (southern Lombardy, Italy) under a mowing regime for persistence, defined as ratio between clover dry matter (DM) yield over the last two years and clover DM yield over the five-year crop cycle. Clover content in the sward was on average 35·2% in the fourth year and only 5·5% in the fifth year. Natural populations showed greater persistence and larger variation for this feature than landraces. Six natural populations were more persistent and higher yielding in the long-term than the Italian variety Espanso and one of these populations performed better than the best of the control varieties, namely Lune de Mai and Olwen, at P 〈 005. Persistence of the ecotypes was positively associated with stolon density and DM yield assessed in the third year, and to intemode length, whilst it was inversely related to seed yield and its components, especially the production of seed heads, so that hardly any ecotype could combine good persistence with high seed yield. This study discusses the potential use of these genetic resources in white clover breeding and suggests stolon density as a low-cost, approximate indicator of long-term yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02314.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turf quality and reliability in varieties of four turfgrass species in contrasting Italian environments (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Turf quality is a complex character of fundamental importance in turfgrass evaluation. It takes into account aesthetic and functional aspects, and depends on several individual components which may vary with time. The use of a synthetic and simple quality score is necessary when evaluating large numbers of varieties. The quality of 110 turfgrass varieties belonging to four species (Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Festuca arundinacea and F. rubra) was assessed in the second and third years of growth at three Italian locations, i.e. Lodi (Po Valley, continental climate), Perugia (central Italy, sub-Mediterranean climate) and Foggia (southern Italy, Mediterranean climate), using a visual score ranging from 9 (outstanding turf) to 1 (very poor turf). A randomized block design with three replicates was used, with varieties of the same species being blocked to facilitate the comparison within species. On average, F. rubra had the lowest turf quality score in summer, whereas the other species had the lowest quality score in winter and the highest quality score in summer and autumn. Components of variance were large for genotype (i.e. variety) main effects in all species. A variety × location interaction was found in F. arundinacea and higher-order interactions were also found for P. pratensis and F. rubra. Genotype × environment effects were small relative to genotypic effects in L. perenne. Variety × year interactions were small in all cases, whereas variety × location and variety × season interactions were greater. Stability of turf quality across sites, seasons and years was measured for each variety in terms of environmental variance, i.e. the variance of score values across sites, years and seasons. Mean scores and stability values of varieties were integrated into an index of reliability that estimated the lowest score value expected in 0·80 of cases. For each species, a small subset of highly reliable varieties could be identified. Implications of the results for the testing and breeding of varieties in Italy are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2004.00422.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of adaptation of grass/legume mixtures to Italian alpine and subalpine zones through an additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Fourteen grass/legume mixtures, mostly including white clover or lucerne, in association with a variable number of other forage species were grown at six Italian alpine and subalpine locations under a mowing regime. The response of the mixtures in terms of dry-matter (DM) yield and visually estimated legume percentage over the second and third years of crop cycle was investigated through an additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analytical model. Locations and mixture-location interaction effects were significant whereas mixture was not. The interaction effect was very large, and the first two interaction principal component (PC) axes were significant at P〈0·001. PC 1 accounted for 88% and 92% of the interaction variation for DM yield and legume percentage respectively. Both for sites and for mixtures, the ordination on PC 1 for these variables was very similar, indicating that the interaction effects for DM yield tended to parallel those for legume percentage. The adaptive response of the mixtures mainly depended on the response of their legume components. White clover was specifically adapted to locations with high soil clay content, probably through better tolerance to the associated severe waterlogging. Lucerne performed relatively better at high-yielding, favourable sites, probably because of its greater competitive ability than associated grasses under conditions that emphasize competitive effects. Minor interaction effects were related to the response of cocksfoot and timothy, the latter being indispensable for high DM yield of mixtures at high-elevation, cool-summer sites. No clear advantage of having a high number of components in the mixture was apparent, and it was concluded that the association of timothy and cocksfoot with one legume should be adequate for most situations in the given region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02335.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation, heritability and genetic correlations for forage quality and yield traits of Mediterranean tall fescue germplasm (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 124 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Higher ruminant intake potential and in vivo digestibility as indicated by lower neutral and acid detergent fibre (NDF and ADF), respectively, and higher crude protein (CP), may be valuable targets in tall fescue breeding. Some 105 full-sib families from a diallel cross of Mediterranean parent germplasm were grown in a heated greenhouse simulating the temperature pattern of a Mediterranean environment, to estimate genetic parameters for NDF, ADF, CP and dry matter (DM) yield in one autumn and one winter harvest. Family x harvest interaction was large for NDF and ADF, moderate for CP and absent for DM yield. Additive genetic variance was mostly larger than specific genetic variance, and tended to be small for quality traits and large for DM yield. Narrow-sense heritability was low for CP and ADF in autumn and moderate to fairly high in the remaining cases. Predicted gains per selection cycle never exceeded 5% for quality traits while being greater than 10% for DM yield. An inverse genetic correlation between DM yield and any quality trait emerged in the presence of sizeable genetic variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.01024.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect selection for persistence and seed yield in large-leaved white clover (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: High persistence and seed yield are important targets in white clover breeding but their assessment is expensive. The efficiency of indirect selection for these traits performed on characters recorded during a medium-term dry matter (DM) yield evaluation was verified for large leaved populations in separate experiments for medium-term (three-year) and long-term (fourth and fifth year) DM yield (Trial 1) and seed yield (Trial 2). The best results were provided by stolon density observed at the end of the third cropping year for prediction of long-term yield, and by the product of number of heads times number of florets per head assessed prior to mowing in Trial 1 for prediction of seed yield in Trial 2. Indirect selection was about as efficient as direct selection in these cases. Predictions of persistence from three-year or third year DM yield, and seed yield from single seed yield components in Trial 1 were less accurate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb02178.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation Patterns and Definition of Macro-environments for Selection and Recommendation of Common-wheat Genotypes in Italy (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 113 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eighteen common-wheat varieties grown for three seasons at 31 locations in Italy were used to study the relationships between cultivar adaptation patterns, climatic factors and morphophysiological traits of genotypes, as well as defining macro-environments for the selection and recommendation of genotypes in the region. The variances of both the genotype-location and genotype–season interactions were significant, the former being almost 80% greater than the latter. Some 10.4% of genotype-location interaction was accounted for by heterogeneity of genotype regressions on site mean, 38.0% by the first two axes of a principal components analysis and 32.0% by definition of four macro-environments. Occurrence of genotype-location interaction was related to the level of late frosts, winter cold, and late drought and heat stress at each location, and to heading date and tolerance of frost, Septoria blotch and lodging in each genotype. Following estimates of broad-sense heritability, breeding for specific adaptation may be envisaged for northern and central Italy on the one hand, and southern Italy on the other. Morphophysiological traits contributing to better performance in each of these macro-environments were indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00723.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heritability of, and genetic correlations among, forage and seed yield traits in Ladino white clover (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 118 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sixteen white clover genotypes and their half-sib progenies were grown in pure stand. Each clover progeny was also grown in a mixed stand that also included three grass varieties of different species. Dry matter (DM) yield was measured over 2 years and seed yield at the second year. Competitive ability of clover families was defined as the ratio between mixed stand and pure stand for clover DM yield. Narrow-sense heritability from parent-offspring regression of pure stand data was high to moderate (h20.50) for DM yield, seed yield and most of their components. Persistence as predicted by stolon density showed negative genetic correlations with seed yield (rg= -0.70) and DM yield (r2= -0.60), whereas seed yield and DM yield tended towards a negative correlation (r2=0.45). Sizes of different vegetative or reproductive organs were generally correlated positively. Evidence was provided that the set of parent genotypes represents well the genetic variation available within the Ladino gene pool. The results highlighted the difficulty of combining relatively short-term DM yield, persistence and seed yield into a unique plant type. Differences in competitive ability emerged only in the second year, better ability being related mainly to petiole length among the traits assessed in pure stand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.00387.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yielding ability, yield stability, and quality of exotic durum wheat germplasm in Sicily (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A set of 20 accessions of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L., durum group), which mostly included exotic landraces from various Mediterranean countries, and four Italian improved varieties were evaluated for grain yield in five environments and for quality traits in two environments of Sicily. Glutenin composition was also assessed electro-phoretically on six seeds per entry. The cultivars differed (P ≤ 0.01) for yield, protein content and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-sed) sedimentation volume, in the presence of significant (P ≥ 0.001) genotype-environment interaction effects. These effects were large for yield and moderately large for protein content relative to genotype main effects following estimation of variance components. Most exotic cultivars yielded comparably with, and some of them showed greater stability than, the best yielding Italian variety 'Simeto. Some exotic cultivars combined outstanding yield, protein content and SDS-sedimentation values and represent therefore extremely valuable germplasm sources to broaden the local genetic base. The glutenin composition LMW-2 and HMW 7 + 8 was positively associated with gluten quality. Six entries showed heterogeneous electrophoretic patterns, suggesting the presence of different genotypes within the cultivar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb02187.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interference effects in white clover genotypes grown as pure stands and binary mixtures with different grass species and varieties (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Compatibility ; Competition ; Inter-specific interference ; Selection ; Trifolium repens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six white clover genotypes and eight grass varieties belonging to four different species were grown both in monoculture and as grass-legume binary mixtures in dense swards for two years under a mowing regime and a management including N fertilization. Dry matter yield and yield-related traits were recorded to investigate some aspects of inter-specific interference in white clover-based mixtures and to define a methodology for selecting genotypes of this clover suited to conditions of association. Clover was at a competitive disadvantage in most mixtures. Differences among grasses for aggressiveness were related more to variety vigour than to species. Clover compatibility proved specific only in relation to grass vigour. Variation among clovers for tolerance to competitive stress involved significant cross-over interactions passing from monoculture to severe stress conditions for clover yield and other traits, and was related positively to stolon density and negatively to yield and leaf gigantism traits recorded in monoculture. Clover selection for high levels of competitive stress seems possible either by genotype assessment in stress conditions or by a combination of high yield and stolon density assessed in monoculture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225891
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of genotype-location interaction in variety trials repeated over years (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 1072-1077 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Adaptation ; AMMI model ; Cross validations ; Genotype-environment interaction ; Predictive accuracy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genotype-location (GL) interaction effects are of special interest for breeding programmes to identify adaptation targets, adaptive traits and test sites. These effects, generally having relatively low repeatability between years, should be studied on a multiyear basis in annual crops. Their assessment by additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis is currently defined for this situation. Two procedures based on cross validations are proposed for testing the GL-interaction principal component axes, exploiting the utilities of the computer programme MATMODEL. The use of Gollob’s F test, F GH2 test, F R test and the heuristic criterion based on the signal-to-noise ratio is also envisaged. The consistency of results provided by the testing procedures was verified on four data sets of different cereal crops. Gollob’s test tended to be the most liberal, while the F GH2 test appeared somewhat more liberal than the F R test. The signal-to-noise ratio gave results consistent with the F R test considered at a P?0.01 level of significance. These criteria disagreed in two data sets with the conclusions provided by the two cross-validation procedures which, in turn, also disagreed in one data set. Preference could be given to different testing procedures depending on the number of test years, locations and genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050517
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