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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-stable aggregates and organic matter pools in a calcareous vineyard soil under four soil-surface management systems (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Vineyards in Champagne, France are generally situated on slopes where the soils are subject to erosion. Therefore it is important to find a soil-surface management practice that protects the soil against water erosion. We assessed the potential of mulches or grass covers to stabilize soil aggregates in a calcareous sandy loam from a vineyard in Champagne after 9 years under different management systems. Four different treatments were studied: (i) a bluegrass (Poa pratensis) surface cover between the vine rows (GC) with bare soil under the vines (R); two organic mulches of (ii) coniferous (CB) or (iii) poplar (PB) bark that covered the entire soil surface, and (iv) bare soil between the rows as a control. The bark amendments were applied every 3 years at rates of 61 and 67 t ha−1 for the PB and CB treatments, respectively. The kinetics of soil disaggregation in water fitted a power law (A=K t−D), in which K was the fraction of water-stable 〉200 μm aggregates remaining after 1 hour of wet-sieving. In the 0–5 cm layer, aggregate stability was greater for GC (K=21.7), CB (K=15.2) and PB (K=13.6) than for the control (K=10.5) and R (K=11.8). In the 0–20 cm layer, CB also stabilized soil aggregates (K=14.0–15.0); but PB did not. Structural stability was more strongly related to total organic carbon (R2=0.64, P 〈0.001) than to microbial biomass carbon (R2=0.54, P〈0.001). A bluegrass cover enhanced structural stability in the 0–5 cm and 0–20 cm layers (K=14.2), probably because of intense root development and rhizodeposition enhancing microbially produced metabolites, such as carbohydrates. Establishing grass cover or applying bark mulch are effective agricultural practices that improve soil aggregate stability and thus should reduce soil erosion. The vegetative growth of the vines was greater on the soils amended with bark mulches and less on the grass covered soils compared with the control soil; however, no difference in wine quality was observed among the different treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00376.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between copper accumulated in vineyard calcareous soils and soil organic matter and iron (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 53 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The intensive use for over 100 years of copper sulphate (Bordeaux mixture) to fight mildew in vineyards has led to a substantial accumulation of copper (Cu) in surface soils. To assess the effects of such large concentrations, the surface soils of 10 Burgundy vineyards were sampled and analysed for total organic matter (carbon and nitrogen) and metal (copper and iron) contents. Physical (i.e. size fractionation) and chemical (sequential extraction) methods were used to determine the distribution of these elements. The most Cu-contaminated plots showed the largest accumulation of organic carbon and Cu in the coarse sand and fine sand fractions. Copper was strongly correlated with organic carbon and organic nitrogen in the coarse sand fraction and with organic nitrogen in the fine sand fraction. Copper was also highly correlated with both Fe and organic nitrogen in the clay fraction but not significantly with organic carbon. The sequential extraction showed that Cu was bound mainly to the Fe oxides. However, in the most Cu-contaminated plots, a part of added Cu was bound to organic matter. This study suggests that Cu protected indirectly the organic matter present in the coarse fractions against biodegradation, and therefore modified the distribution of organic carbon among the particle-size fractions. Iron appeared as the main factor responsible for Cu accumulation in the clay fraction, mainly through inclusion of Cu in Fe oxyhydroxides and possibly in clay–humus complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00478.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic carbon dynamics in soil particle-size separates of sandy Spodosols when forest is cleared for maize cropping (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 54 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In southwest France, much of the forest lands on sandy Spodosols has been converted to continuous maize cropping in the last few decades. To evaluate the impacts of such change on the content and properties of the soil organic matter, we compared the amount of organic carbon and 13C natural abundance in soil and particle-size separates at three locations, selected on the basis of different contents of 0–50 μm particles (clay + silt). After three decades of cultivation, the amount of carbon from the forest pools (Cf) decreased by about 60%, attributable mainly to easily degradable material in sand-sized fractions (−70%). However, a recalcitrant residue remained in soil at a constant proportion, showing that organic matter in these fractions is heterogeneous. Organic matter in the clay + silt fraction was relatively resistant, decreasing by only 20% after 30 years of cultivation. Intensive agricultural management has homogenized the characteristics of the soil and the mineralization of the organic matter, which has resulted in a long-term convergence of organic carbon from the three locations. However, small natural variations in fine particle content were associated with significant differences in the accumulation of carbon in soil. The protective capacity of the soil depended on the proportion of clay + silt fraction, which stabilized the organic matter. Furthermore, the degree of saturation of this fraction with original carbon from forest and its rate of decomposition determined the soil's capacity to accumulate newly added carbon derived from maize.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00541.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic carbon and ^1^3C contents in soils and soil size-fractions, and their changes due to deforestation and pasture installation in eastern Amazonia
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Geoderma 61 (1994), S. 103-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7061
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(94)90013-2
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of temperature on the degradation and formation of bound residues of 3, 4-dichloroaniline in soil
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26 (1994), S. 1673-1679 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-0717
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90320-4
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of organic matter in topsoils under rain forest and pasture in the eastern Brazilian Amazon basin (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Decomposition rate ; Forest ; Organic matter characterization ; Pastures ; Particle-size fractions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  In topsoils under forest and 7-, 12- and 17-year-old pastures, organic matter was characterized by analysing C and N distribution in particle-size fractions, the C decomposition rates of soil and particle-size fractions and by employing density-fractionation of macro-organic matter (〉150 μm). The C and N associated with clay fractions increased with increasing age of pasture. The weight (%) of macro-organic matter and its heavy fractions (〉1.37 g cm–3) also increased with increasing age of pasture. However, in a long-term incubation (100 days), these changes seemed to involve an increase in the C decomposition rate in the topsoil of the oldest pasture. Using the C decomposition rates of particle-size fractions, it appeared that silt and clay contributed differently to C decomposition in the whole soil. C associated with silt contributed to the C decomposition rate during the first 40 days of incubation, while C associated with clay contributed to C decomposition in the long-term incubation (after 40 days), especially when the clay fraction appeared to reach saturation point with respect to its ability to bind organic compounds and thus protect the soil from C loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050557
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon decomposition of the topsoils and soil fractions under forest and pasture in the western Brazilian Amazon basin, Rondônia (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 30 (2000), S. 284-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Carbon decomposition ; Forest ; Pastures ; Topsoils ; Rondônia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The topsoils of two sites, comprising natural forest and 4- and 20-year-old pastures, respectively, were selected in Rondônia to evaluate the changes of soil organic matter due to pasture establishment. These changes were evaluated by measuring the proportions of the C and N associated with clay and silt fractions, and by the C decomposition (CD) rate of the whole topsoils and their size fractions. The topsoils studied had large proportions of C and N associated with fine fractions, especially with clay fractions. The CD rate of the silt fractions was higher than that of the clay fractions under the two forest topsoils and under the 20-year-old pasture. The CD rate of the silt fractions under forest vegetation at each site was significantly higher than that of the silt fractions under pasture vegetation at the same site. The CD of clay fractions followed the same trend as the silt fractions, showing an improvement in the stability of C associated with clay and silt fractions under pasture vegetation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050004
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing carbon decomposition of topsoils from the Brazilian Amazon Basin (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1999), S. 436-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Brazilian Amazon Basin ; C decomposition ; Sand/clay ratio ; Topsoils ; Climate effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The influence of texture and local climate, especially precipitation, on C decomposition was evaluated in topsoils under forest and pastures at different sites located in the western, central, and eastern Brazilian Amazon Basin. Independent of the geographical location and vegetation cover, C decomposition was lower in topsoils of fine texture with a sand/clay ratio of less than 1, compared to topsoils of coarse a texture with a sand/clay ratio ranging from 2 to 8. In the former, the low sand/clay ratio appears to reduce C decomposition. In the latter, besides the effect of the high sand/clay ratio, the local climate, especially the annual precipitation, seems to play an important role in controlling C decomposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050517
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the adsorption of maize root mucilage and polygalacturonic acid on montmorillonite homoionic to divalent lead and cadmium (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1987), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Maize root mucilage ; Polygalacturonic acid ; Montmorillonite ; Lead ; Cadmium ; Adsorption isotherms ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Root mucilage material (RM) was isolated from maize plants grown in the field, and its affinity to montmorillonite (M) homoionic to Pb2+ and Cd2+ was compared with that of a commercial polygalacturonic acid (PGA). Adsorption isotherms of the commercial and natural materials on the two clay systems were compared in unbuffered systems at pH 3 and pH 6. Adsorption of PGA occurred only at pH 3, and was higher on M-Pb than on M-Cd. In contrast, the adsorption of RM was higher on M-Cd than on M-Pb. Total amounts of RM adsorbed at pH 3 were about 3 times lower on M-Cd and 20 times lower on M-Pb than the respective amounts of PGA adsorbed at the same pH. Polygalacturonic acid had a high content of relatively well dissociated (pKa = 3.5) carboxylic groups, and adsorbed on the clay surface at pH values lower than its pKa. At pH 6, the dissociation of the acid groups favoured its solubility, and the metal cations were then probably displaced by ion exchange. The lower affinity of RM to the clay materials was related to its average molecular weight, which was lower than that of PGA, and to its water solubility, which was higher than that of PGA. The low pH dependence of the adsorption of RM was related to its lower carboxylic acidity and higher content in hydroxyl and amino groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264339
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mass spectrometric investigation on humic acid structure: Some preliminary results (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 23 (1988), S. 622-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210230814
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