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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of 4-nitrobenzoate, 4-aminobenzoate and their mixtures: new strains, unusual metabolites and insights into pathway regulation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 37 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Strains PB4 (Burkholderia cepacia) and SB4 (Ralstonia paucula) were isolated on 4-aminobenzoate and found to also grow on 4-nitrobenzoate. Nevertheless, and although reduction of a nitro group into an amino group is a thermodynamically favorable reaction, the main 4-nitrobenzoate degradation pathway used by these bacteria did not involve 4-aminobenzoate as an intermediate. Rather strains PB4 and SB4 used the previously described partial reduction into 4-hydroxylaminobenzoate, subsequently converted into protocatechuate. Remarkably, both microorganisms also harbored a mutase, through which two dead-end metabolites, 3-hydroxy-4-aminobenzoate and 3-hydroxy-4-acetamidobenzoate, were produced. Regulation of the pathways appeared to differ in both strains. In strain PB4, both 4-nitro- and 4-aminobenzoate were able to induce their own degradation as well as the degradation of the corresponding aminated or nitrated derivative. On the other hand, when strain SB4 was incubated with mixtures of 4-nitro- and 4-aminobenzoate, 4-aminobenzoate strongly interfered with the degradation of 4-nitrobenzoate, even when the nitro compound was the inducer. Since aminoaromatic compounds are common co-contaminants of nitroaromatic-polluted sites, bacteria such as strains PB4 and SB4, which can mineralize both a nitroaromatic compound and its corresponding amino derivative, are relevant subjects of investigation in the interest of a complete site remediation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00863.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pigmented variants of Tolypocladium inflatum in relation to cyclosporin A production (1990)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 33 (1990), S. 435-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary We have isolated four distinct colony types of the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum, the producer of the immunosuppresive agent cyclosporin A: morphologically normal white, red, and orange colonies and morphologically diverse tiny brown colonies. In liquid cultures, white normal and brown colonies developed into yellow broths. The broth of the brown colony had a low final pH and low cyclosporin production, whereas orange and red colonies had dark brown and even black broths with higher final pH and high cyclosporin production. The specific production of cyclosporin A by the red colony was three times that of the white normal colonies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176660
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction and PCR detection of Desulfomonile tiedjei in soil slurry microcosms (1997)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 8 (1997), S. 125-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: Desulfomonile tiedjei ; soil ; PCR ; reductive dechlorination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this work was to test the feasibility ofintroducing an anaerobic microbial reductivedechlorination activity into non sterile soil slurrymicrocosms by inoculation with the pure anaerobicbacterial strain Desulfomonile tiedjei, which iscapable of dechlorinating 3-chlorobenzoate tobenzoate. To show that the bacterium was establishedin the microcosms we followed the expression of thereductive dechlorination activity and a molecularprobe based on PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA genewas developed. However, the success of PCRamplification of the 16S rDNA gene depends on the DNAextraction and purification methodologies applied, asshown through the use of several protocols. In thisstudy we report a DNA extraction and purificationmethod which generates sufficient and very clean DNAsuitable for PCR amplification of the D. tiedjei16S rDNA gene. The threshold of detection was about5.103 bacteria per gram of soil slurry.Introduction of D. tiedjei in soil slurrymicrocosms proved successful since 3-chlorobenzoatedechlorination activity was established with thisbacterium in microcosms normally devoid of thisdechlorination capacity. Indeed, the addition of D. tiedjei to microcosms supplemented with acetateplus formate as cosubstrate, at their respectiveconcentrations of 5 and 6 mM, led to a totalbiotransformation of 2.5 mM of 3-chlorobenzoate within12 days. After complete 3-chlorobenzoatedechlorination, the 16S rDNA gene of this bacteriumwas specifically detected only in the inoculatedmicrocosms as shown by PCR amplification followed byrestriction mapping confirmation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008262426800
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-phase methyl ethyl ketone biodegradation in a tubular biofilm reactor: microbiological and bioprocess aspects (1997)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 8 (1997), S. 251-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biofilm ; MEK ; VOC ; consortium ; Alcaligenes denitrificans ; Geotrichum candidum ; Fusarium oxysporum ; gas/liquid mass transfer ; pH ; sloughing ; waste-gas treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A novel type of bioreactor was designed to clean VOCs-containing air.The operation of this reactor consists in mixing the polluted gas and a mistof nutrient solution in the presence of microorganisms in order to maximizecontact and transfer between gas, liquid and microorganisms and to promotethe degradation kinetics and the relative removal efficiency of thepollutant. A bacterial consortium acclimatized to MEK and containing apreponderance of Alcaligenes denitrificans was established under non-axenicconditions. On the tubular reactor's glass walls, a continuous biofilm wasdeveloped. This biofilm was rapidly contaminated by two fungi able todegrade MEK: Geotrichum candidum and Fusarium oxysporum. Their abundance inthe reactor is probably linked to the acidic conditions inside the biofilmand to their broader tolerance for low pH values concomitant with MEKdegradation. In the reactor, a maximum volumetric degradation rate of 3.5 kgMEK/m3 reactor·d was obtained for arelative removal efficiency of 35%, whereas the latter was maintainedat 70% for more modest applied loadings of 1.5 kgMEK/m3 reactor ·d. In liquid batchcultures, a biomass originating from the biofilm was able to degrade 0.40gMEK/gDCW·h at the optimal pH of 7. Aregular cycle of detachment-recolonization was observed during the operationof the bioreactor. The maximal degradation activity was obtained with a thinbiofilm and was not increased as the biofilm grew in thickness. The overalldegradation rate of the process did not appear to be limited by thediffusion of oxygen inside the biofilm. Over short periods of time, the MEKtransfer from the gaseous phase to the biofilm was neither affected by thepresence of the mist nor by the wetting of the biofilm. A better control ofthe biofilm pH led to improved performance in terms of removal rate but notin terms of relative elimination efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008257729749
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of monitoring approaches and effects of culture conditions on recombinant protein production in baculovirus-infected insect cells (1994)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 15 (1994), S. 177-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: Baculovirus infection ; β-galactosidase ; insect cell aggregation ; fluorescent microscopy ; EXCELL 401 serum-free medium ; Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The baculovirus infection process ofSpodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells in oxygen-controlled bioreactors in serum-free medium was investigated using a recombinantAutographa californica (AcNPV) virus expressing β-galactosidase enzyme as a model system. A variety of monitoring techniques including trypan blue exclusion, fluorescent dye staining, oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurements, and glucose consumption were applied to infected cells to determine the best way of evaluating cell integrity and assessing the course of baculovirus infection. The metabolism of newly-infected cells increased 90% during the first 24 hours, but as infection proceeded, and cells gradually succumbed to the baculovirus infection, the cytopathic effect of the baculovirus on the cells became evident. Oxygen and glucose uptake rate measurements appeared to more accurately assess the condition of infected cells than conventional trypan blue staining, which tended to overestimate cell viability in the mid stages of infection. The optimal harvest time varied, depending on which technique — SDS-PAGE, chromogenic (ONPG) or fluorometric (C12FDG) — was used to monitor β-galactosidase production. Specific β-galactosidase production was found to be insensitive to a wide range of culture dissolved oxygen tensions, whereas resuspending cells in fresh medium prior to infection increased volumetric productivity approximately two-fold (800,000 units β-galactosidase/ml) compared to cultures infected in batch mode and allowed successful infections to occur at higher cell densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00762392
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation and mineralization of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by manganese peroxidase from the white-rot basidiomycete Phlebia radiata (1999)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 10 (1999), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The degradation of the nitroaromatic pollutant 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by the manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) of the white-rot fungus Phlebia radiata and the main reduction products formed were investigated. In the presence of small amounts of reduced glutathione (10 mM), a concentrated cell-free preparation of MnP from P. radiata exhibiting an activity of 36 nkat/ml (36 nmol Mn(II) oxidized per sec and per ml) transformed 10 mg/l of TNT within three days. The same preparation was capable of completely transforming the reduced derivatives of TNT. When present at 10 mg/l, the aminodinitrotoluenes were transformed in less than two days and the diaminonitrotoluenes in less than three hours. Experiments with 14C-U-ring labeled TNT and 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene showed that these compounds were mineralized by 22% and 76%, respectively, within 5 days. Higher concentrations of reduced glutathione (50 mM) led to a severe inhibition of the degradation process. It is concluded that Phlebia radiata is a good candidate for the biodegradation of TNT as well as its reduction metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008371209913
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect cell bioreactors (1996)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 20 (1996), S. 173-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: insect cells ; bioreactors ; parameters ; production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350398
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of in vivo inactivation kinetics of gramicidin S synthetase on cell physiology (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 1037-1044 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gramicidin S synthetase, the enzyme complex catalyzing the biosynthesis of the antibiotic gramicidin S in Bacillus brevis, is subject to O2-dependent in vivo inactivation during exponential aerobic growth after reaching a peak in specific activity. The five amino acid substrates of the synthetase are capable of stabilizing its activity to varying degrees in whole cells shaken aerobically. Depending on the time of cell harvesting before, during, or after the peak in intracellular gramicidin S synthetase specific activity, the enzyme has a long, medium, or short half-life, respectively. The kinetic profiles of gramicidin S synthetase in B. brevis cells indicate that both the kinetics of synthetase loss and the degree of its amino-acid-mediated stabilization are a strong function of the cells' physiological development.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340803
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  • 9
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    Competition for Sorption and Degradation of Chlorinated Ethenes in Batch Zero-Valent Iron Systems (2004)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5851
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 10
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    Effect of humic acids on heavy metal removal by zero-valent iron in batch and continuous flow column systems (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0043-1354
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2448
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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