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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Iterative Method for obtaining Statistical Frequency Distributions from Limited Experimental Data (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 193 (1962), S. 1005-1006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Initially twenty determinations were made of the average number of tin cans (open at both ends) of diameter 2 j in. and height 3 in., made out of 28 gauge sheet, required to fill a cubical box of dimensions 1 x 1 x 1 ft. in a random distribution. These numbers ranged from 77 to 84 as shown in Table ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1931005b0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Iterative Method for obtaining Statistical Frequency Distributions (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 196 (1962), S. 1237-1237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The iterative process is seen to converge slowly at first, but more rapidly later as may be expected, since the 'equivalent' or effective sample size also increases. Prof. Heaps has assumed that the parameters of the Gaussian distribution curve must be so chosen that they should either give the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1961237a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on heat-resistant thermosetting phthalocyanine polymers (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: New thermosetting poly(copper phthalocyanine) imide polymers with good toughness, superior thermal stability, chemical inertness, and fire resistance characteristics have been prepared. The studies of polymerization of two bisphthalonitriles were made using metal powder or metalic salt. Infrared, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric studies were used in determining the optimum conditions for polymerization and in characterizing the polymers produced. These polymers are noteworthy for their high char yield (73-76%) at 800°C in nitrogen atmosphere. These phthalocyanine, imide-thermosetting polymers are expected to be useful in preparing heat-resistant molded articles or laminates.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290133
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MS and GC-MS studies on phthalocyanine monomers (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 2109-2121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phthalocyanines are a class of macrocyclic organic compounds known for their high tinctorial properties, thermal stability, chemical inertness, catalytic activity, and photoconductivity. A mass spectral study on metal phthalocyanines presented many difficulties because of their excellent thermal stability. The present work deals with MS and GC-MS studies of phthalocyanine, copper, and nickel phthalocyanine monomers at various temperatures. Tentative mechanism for the modes of fragmentation is proposed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270628
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic semiconductors - metal phthalocyanine sheet polymers (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 443-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This publication discusses the electronic, magnetic susceptibility, MS and GC-MS pyrolysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and electrical conductivity studies on metal phthalocyanine sheet polymers. The magnetic measurements over the range of magnetic field strengths 1025-6144 gauss indicated the absence of the intermolecular cooperative effect. MS and GC-MS studies indicate that all these metal phthalocyanine sheet polymers give benzene, cyanobenzene, and dicyanobenzene on thermal degradation. The electrical conductivity measurements showed that these polymers are semiconductor in nature.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250201
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of the novel type of polymerizable bisphthalonitrile monomers (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1997-2010 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three new bisphthalonitrile derivatives are prepared by the nucleophilic displacement of the nitrosubstituent from 4-nitrophthalonitrile with 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene; 9,9-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, and phenolphthalein in the presence of potassium carbonate. The reaction has been carried out in dimethylsulfoxide solvent. These monomers are characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, TGA, DSC, and mass spectral studies. A tentative mechanism for the fragmentation of the compounds is given to explain the mass spectral data. The compounds are expected to be useful to prepare thermally stable thermosetting phthalocyanine polymers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240820
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phthalocyanine polymers. I. Poly[2,2′-(4,4′,4″-,4‴-metal phthalocyanino)-5,5′-bibenzimidazoles] as new high temperature resistant polymers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel class of poly(metal phthalocyanino) benzimidazoles were prepared by the condensation reaction between metal (Cu, Co, and Zn), 4,4′,4″,4‴-tetracarboxyphthalocyanine, and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine. The reaction was investigated by melt and solution condensation methods. These polymers showed excellent thermal and thermooxidative stability and are noteworthy for their high char yield (86-90%) at 800°C in an anerobic atmosphere. Elemental analyses, spectra, and TGA studies were used to characterize these materials. Isothermal gravimetric analyses were carried out to determine their long-term thermal stability.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200201
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of polymerizable bisphthalonitrile monomers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of 4-aminophthalonitrile (APN) with 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPTDA), and with 1,2,3,4-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PMDA) have been studied to optimize the conditions for the synthesis of monomeric thermosetting bisphthalonitrile compound. Suitable procedures for the synthesis of the two monomers are presented. Elemental analyses, IR spectra, dynamic thermogravimetric analyses, differential scanning calorimetry, 1H-NMR, and mass spectral studies have been used to characterize these compounds. Preliminary observations show that these materials can be polymerized to give high-temperature-resistant materials.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210112
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat-resistant metal phthalocyanine imide copolymers (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1025-1032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermally stable poly(metal phthalocyanine)imide copolymers were prepared with metal(11) 4,4′,4″,4‴ -phthalocyanine tetraamines, 4,4′ -diamino diphenyl ether, and 3,3′,4,4′ -benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Variables such as molar concentrations of the reagents, solvents, and temperature were investigated to optimize the conditions of the polymerization. Inherent viscosity, and infrared (IR) spectral and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies were done to characterize the polymers. These polymers are stable and thier decomposition temperatures both in air and nitrogen are greater than 500°C. Their char yields at 800°C in nitrogen varied between 60 and 76%, depending on the type and concentrations of the metal phthalocyanine tetraamines. These polymers can be used to produce heat-stable films, fibers, varnishes, and adhesives.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210410
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectroscopy of epoxylated novolac resin cured with phthalocyanine tetraamines (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1471-1479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectroscopy was done at different temperatures on epoxylated novolac resin DEN 438 (Dow Chemical Co.) alone, and after curing with various metal(II) phthalocyanine tetraamines (MPTA). Possible modes of fragmentation are given to explain the experimental results. Gas-chromatographic/mass-spectroscopic (GC-MS) analyses of MPTA derivatives indicated the presence of only trace quantities of benzene, aniline, cyanobenzene, and orthodicyanobenzene. The GC-MS studies of the cured DEN 438 epoxy resins indicated that the mechanisms of thermal degradation are qualitatively similar, and some common features were observed in their fragmentation in an electron beam and by thermal degradation. This study is a further assessment of the utility of these phthalocyanine derivatives for curing epoxy resins to produce heat-resistant polymer systems.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220625
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