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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-07-26
    Description: Using data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, we derive statistically robust 'hotspot' regions of high probability of peak anomalous – i.e. with respect to the seasonal cycle – water storage (of up to 0.7 m one-in-five-year return level) and flux (up to 0.14 m/mon). Analysis of, and comparison with, up to 32 years of ERA-Interim reanalysis fields reveals generally good agreement of these hotspot regions to GRACE results, and that most exceptions are located in the Tropics. However, a simulation experiment reveals that differences observed by GRACE are statistically significant, and further error analysis suggests that by around the year 2020 it will be possible to detect temporal changes in the frequency of extreme total fluxes (i.e. combined effects of mainly precipitation and floods) for at least 10-20% of the continental area, assuming that we have a continuation of GRACE by its follow-up GRACE-FO.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Famiglietti, J S -- Cazenave, A -- Eicker, A -- Reager, J T -- Rodell, M -- Velicogna, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 14;349(6249):684-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9238.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. james.famiglietti@jpl.nasa.gov. ; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales-Laboratoire d'Etudes Geophysique et Oceanographique Spatiales (CNES/LEGOS), Toulouse, France. International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland. ; Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Germany. ; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. ; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA. ; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Climate-driven changes in land water storage and their contributions to sea level rise have been absent from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change sea level budgets owing to observational challenges. Recent advances in satellite measurement of time-variable gravity combined with reconciled global glacier loss estimates enable a disaggregation of continental land mass changes and a quantification of this term. We found that between 2002 and 2014, climate variability resulted in an additional 3200 +/- 900 gigatons of water being stored on land. This gain partially offset water losses from ice sheets, glaciers, and groundwater pumping, slowing the rate of sea level rise by 0.71 +/- 0.20 millimeters per year. These findings highlight the importance of climate-driven changes in hydrology when assigning attribution to decadal changes in sea level.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reager, J T -- Gardner, A S -- Famiglietti, J S -- Wiese, D N -- Eicker, A -- Lo, M-H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):699-703. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8386.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA. john.reager@jpl.nasa.gov. ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA. ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA. Department of Earth System Science, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. ; Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. ; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Coupled climate models participating in the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) exhibit a large inter‐model spread in the representation of long‐term trends in soil moisture and snow in response to anthropogenic climate change. We evaluate long‐term (1861/01‐2099/12) water storage trends from 21 CMIP5 models against observed trends in terrestrial water storage (TWS) obtained from 14 years (2002/04‐2016/08) of the GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) satellite mission. This is complicated due to the incomplete representation of TWS in CMIP5 models and interannual climate variability masking long‐term trends in observations. We thus evaluate first the spread in projected trends among CMIP5 models and identify regions of broad model consensus. Second, we assess the extent to which these projected trends are already present during the historical period (1861/01‐2016/08) and thus potentially detectable in observational records available today. Third, we quantify the degree to which 14‐year tendencies can be expected to represent long‐term trends, finding that regional long‐term trends start to emerge from interannual variations after just 14 years while stable global trend patterns are detectable after 30 years. We classify regions of strong model consensus into areas where 1) climate‐related TWS changes are supported by the direction of GRACE trends, 2) mismatch of trends hints at possible model deficits, 3) the short observation time span and/or anthropogenic influences prevent reliable conclusions about long‐term wetting or drying. We thereby demonstrate the value of satellite observations of water storage to further constrain the response of the terrestrial water cycle to climate change.
    Print ISSN: 2169-897X
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8996
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 98 (1987), S. 149-164 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Microsporum gypseum strains obtained from human and animal cases of dermatophytosis were used to study the septal ontogeny, the germination, and the electron microscopy of the macroaleurioconidia, which are produced so abundantly by this organism. It was found that the number of septa in a macroaleurioconidium depends upon the stage of development, and that their order of formation remains relatively constant. The macroaleurioconidial cell wall proved to be impressive on electron microscopy. The use of a wetting agent (Tween 80) and negative pressure proved necessary for adequate fixation. Poor penetration of the fixing agent is attributable to the electron-dense encrustations over the entire surface of the macroaleurioconidium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-09-01
    Print ISSN: 2169-897X
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8996
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: For the estimation of soil loss by erosion in the strongly affected Chinese Loess Plateau we applied the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) using a number of input data sets (monthly precipitation, soil types, digital elevation model, land cover and soil conservation measures). Calculations were performed in ArcGIS and SAGA. The large-scale soil erosion in the Loess Plateau results in a strong non-hydrological mass change. In order to investigate whether the resulting mass change from USLE may be validated by the gravity field satellite mission GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), we processed different GRACE level-2 products (ITG, GFZ and CSR). The mass variations estimated in the GRACE trend were relatively close to the observed sediment yield data of the Yellow River. However, the soil losses resulting from two USLE parameterizations were comparatively high since USLE does not consider the sediment delivery ratio. Most eroded soil stays in the study area and only a fraction is exported by the Yellow River. Thus, the resultant mass loss appears to be too small to be resolved by GRACE.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-02-13
    Description: Global high-resolution gravity models derived from ESA's GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) satellite mission have enabled a wealth of new applications in oceanography, geophysics and geodesy. Yet, it has been suspected for long that the traditional spherical harmonics (SHs) modelling fails to exploit the full information contained in the GOCE gradiometer measurements. Here, we demonstrate that a regional gravity retrieval strategy indeed performs favourable in a number of case studies and when compared with SH modelling, while applied to the same GOCE level 1b data. The regional strategy results in an up to a 50 per cent smaller noise level in smooth ocean areas and facilitates extracting additional signal in oceanic areas with high-frequency gravity field features. Our approach to regional gravity field determination from GOCE gradiometry employs a parametrization with radial basis functions, and it allows for regional tailoring of the regularization. This also enables us to assign more than one regularization area within a single regional solution, leading to an improved flexibility in dealing with the geographically varying roughness of the gravity field. We show that this results in a reduction of noise in areas of smooth gravity field and that it allows to extract additional information in regions with a strong high-frequency signal. Our regional solutions have been derived as refinements to the global GOCE-only model ITG-Goce02, and case studies have been carried out for the Pacific Ocean, in the area around the South Sandwich Trench in the southern Atlantic, and in the North Sea. Our results are validated against the global high-resolution gravity field model EGM2008 and against altimetry observations.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1990-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0723-2020
    Electronic ISSN: 1618-0984
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1998-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0295-5075
    Electronic ISSN: 1286-4854
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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