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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Intensive Approach to Atlantic Halibut Fry Production (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 24 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The larval stage is regarded to be the main bottleneck of halibut production. Halibut eggs were obtained from captive broodstock both by stripping and by natural spawning. Artificial photoperiods were used to increase the total spawning season. Yolk sac larvae are presently produced either in small stagnant units or in large flow through systems. A major consideration is to avoid stress of the larvae, caused by mechanical disturbances of the larvae and by high bacterial load or high ammonia levels in the water.The experiments showed that halibut larvae began to ingest algae earlier than rotifers Brachionus sp. Supplementation of algae to first feeding tanks resulted in enhanced survival and growth rate of the larvae. Both rotifers and Artemia can be enriched with very high levels of highly unsaturated n-3 fatty acids (n-3 HUFA). Enriched live feed, containing high levels of n-3 HUFA and total lipids, enhanced both survival and growth of the halibut larvae. The highest growth rates were obtained with wild zooplankton and addition of algae, but enriched cultivated feed combined with algae resulted in growth of the same magnitude as with wild zooplankton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1993.tb00016.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein and lipid content of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis during variable growth and feeding condition (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 358 (1997), S. 251-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Brachionus plicatilis ; nutrition ; growth rate ; protein content ; lipid content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) grown atdifferent growth rate (μ = 0.05–0.39 d−1)were analyzed for protein, lipid, fatty acids, aminoacids and free amino acids, and values are expressedin terms of individuals and dry weight. Increase ingrowth rate is equivalent with increased food rationof the individual rotifer, which responded by higheregg ratio. The protein content per individualrotifer increased by 60–80% when the growth rate increased, whereas the protein content per dryweight showed a slight, although insignificant,increase (p 〉 0.05). The lipid content perindividual was constant, whereas lipid per dryweight decreased when the growth rate increased. Theratio DHA/EPA decreased when the growth ratesincreased. The amino acids profile in percent oftotal amino acids showed low variation betweencultures maintained at different growth rates,whereas the values expressed in terms of amino acidper individual showed higher variation. The range ofvariation for free amino acids was more pronouncedthan for total amino acids.Short-term food enrichment of poorly fed rotifers(μ = 0.05 d−1) with balanced protein richdiet resulted in increased protein and lipid contentper rotifer. The protein content per dry weightshowed only minor changes whereas lipid per dryweight increased. Contrary, short term enrichmentwith a lipid rich diet resulted in increased lipidcontent per individual rotifer and per dry weight,whereas the protein content per individual remainedconstant and the protein content per dry weightshowed a slight decrease.Our experiments show that the amount of protein, wasquite variable in rotifers, and that feeding andgrowth condition were decisive factors affecting it.The range of variation was large enough to be animportant factor during first feeding of marinelarvae, and should therefore be considered infeeding larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003145205602
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of rapid changes in salinity and temperature on the mobility of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 255-256 (1993), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Brachionus plicatilis ; locomotion ; temperature ; salinity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis can grow in a wide range of salinities and temperatures, but rapid shifts in both salinity and temperature may result in immobilized, non-swimming rotifers. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of perturbations in temperature and salinity on the swimming pattern of the rotifer. Only slight changes in mobility were observed when rotifers were exposed to changes in temperature (from 20 °C to 8–30 °C) and to an increase in salinity (from 20% to 30%). When the salinity was reduced to 15% and 5%, the proportion of mobile rotifers was reduced to 50% and 5%, respectively. The rotifers were throughout more resistant to perturbations in temperature than to those of salinity. Combined temperature and salinity perturbations compared to perturbations in each factor separately suggested a synergetic effect of temperature and salinity on the rotifers locomotion. Transfer from cultivation conditions to low salinity (5%) and high temperature (28 °C) resulted in very low percent of mobile rotifers (0–10%). However, if the temperature was reduced to 8 °C concomitant with the changes in salinity, the percent of mobile rotifers was 85%. Rotifers use a high share of their metabolic energy for locomotion, and it is therefore not surprising that perturbations in salinity and temperature may result in partial or complete immobilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025824
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial environments in marine larviculture:Impacts of algal growth rates on the bacterial load in six microalgae (2000)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 8 (2000), S. 275-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: algae-bacteria interactions ; bivalves ; marine larvae ; microalgae ; microbial environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The impacts of varying algal growth rates on the bacterial load in the cultures were studied for six marine microalgae: Skeletonema costatum ,Chaetoceros mülleri (Bacillariophyceae), Nannochloropsis oculata (Eustigmatophyceae), Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri (Haptophyceae), and Tetraselmis sp. (Prasinophyceae). Samples were taken in batch cultures during early exponential phase and in stationary phase when the growth rate was below 5% of maximum growth rate (µmax). Except for C. mülleri and N. oculata, the microalgae were thereafter grown semi-continuously at dilution rates of 20% and 60% of µmax and samples taken during a period of 10 days. Higher bacterial levels were associated with slow-growing microalgae on a per volume basis. Per algal cell, variations in the bacterial load were more related to species. Relatively high bacterial densities (5.7–16.4 CFU algal cell−1) with large proportions of opportunistic and haemolytic species were associated with the Bacillariophyceae. For the other species, the bacterial density was 0.2–4.3 CFU algal cell−1. Bacterial levels were in general lower and not affected to the same extent by algal growth conditions in Tetraselmis sp. and P. lutheri. No or very low levels of presumptive Vibrio spp. were observed, except in semi-continuous cultures of P. lutheri. Cultures of Tetraselmis sp. had low levels of opportunistic bacteria at all growth conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009200926452
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle size dependent feeding by the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 255-256 (1993), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Brachionus plicatilis ; grazing ; selection ; bacteria ; microbial loop
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Size selective feeding by Brachionus plicatilis was investigated with algae and bacteria (0.3–3.5 µm) and mono-disperse latex beads (0.3–3.0 µm) in short term feeding experiments. B. plicatilis demonstrated maximum clearance rate of particles with diameter ≥2µm, but particles with diameter down to 0.3 µm were also ingested. The clearance rate of bacteria was 15–55% of that obtained for optimal sized particles (≥2 µm), and was related to particle size. The relative reduction in retention of particles with diameter 〈 2 µm was more pronounced for latex beads than for natural food particles, suggesting other mechanisms than size to be important for the particle retention by the rotifer. This is emphasized by the fact that the clearance rates were much lower for latex beads than for natural food particles of comparable size. Efficient retention of bacteria was observed for rotifers in poor physiological condition, i.e. rotifers with low maximum clearance rate. This may reflect a strategy to optimize energy utilization by reducing locomotion costs and increasing energy intake. The results indicate that B. plicatilis has a low to medium ability to feed on bacteria. In natural ecosystems, its importance as a bacterial grazer is of limited importance. At high population densities, such as in live feed cultures, the rotifer may, however, efficiently remove bacteria from the culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025847
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  • 6
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    Growth of farmed blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) in a Norwegian coastal area; comparison of food proxies by DEB modeling (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-01
    Print ISSN: 1385-1101
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-1414
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 7
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    Chemical composition of selected marine microalgae, with emphasis on lipid and carbohydrate production for potential use as feed resources (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-14
    Description: Marine microalgae are a promising sustainable source of lipids, omega-3 fatty acids, and carbohydrates. Selected microalgae species belonging to the Bacillariophyceae, Haptophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, and Prasinophyceae were characterised for cellular content of carbon and nitrogen, and for production yields of lipids, fatty acids, total carbohydrates, and β-glucans. Carbon and nitrogen content showed a hyperbolic decrease with increasing cell numbers for Chaetoceros calcitrans, C. muelleri, Skeletonema costatum, Tetraselmis sp., and Nannochloropsis oculata. Cultures of Pavlova lutheri and Tisochrysis lutea showed an increase in carbon content per cell, but a decrease in nitrogen content. The total lipid content of C. muelleri, C. calcitrans, N. oculata, and T. lutea increased with decreasing relative growth rate; however, the highest productivity of lipids was found in T. lutea grown at 40% of the maximum specific growth rate. The highest content of eicosapentaenoic acid was found in C. muelleri, C. calcitrans, and N. oculata, and the highest content of docosahexaenoic acid was found in T. lutea. The β-glucan fraction of the carbohydrates was highest in C. muelleri and C. calcitrans and was very low in N. oculata. Out of the species investigated, C. muelleri had the highest production yield of β-glucans, obtained when cultivated at a 40% relative growth rate.
    Print ISSN: 0921-8971
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5176
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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