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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of rare earth oxides on the reverse water-gas shift reaction on palladium/alumina (1994)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 28 (1994), S. 313-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Schlagwort(e): reverse water-gas shift ; palladium ; ceria ; lanthana ; praesodymia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The interaction between palladium and ceria, both supported on alumina, has been explored in the context of the reverse water-gas shift reaction. Specific rates of reaction were greater over catalysts containing ceria. The reaction kinetics were consistent with reaction between dissociatively adsorbed hydrogen and dissociatively adsorbed carbon dioxide, a reaction which is accelerated by migration of adsorbed oxygen across the metal surface to the ceria surface.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00806061
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of Digestion Techniques in Analyses for Total Metals in Marine Sediments (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 60 (1998), S. 425-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900643
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Carburization kinetics of heat-resistant steels (1982)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 18 (1982), S. 229-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Schlagwort(e): Austenitic steels ; carburization ; carbon diffusion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract A series of 21 commercial austenitic heat-resistant alloys was carburized in H2-C3H6 atmospheres which were reducing to Cr2O3 and SiO2 and which provided a carbon activity of one. Reactions were carried out at 900⩽T⩽1100°C and the resulting depth of carburization was measured metallographically. All alloys showed parabolic carburization kinetics after an initial brief period, at low temperatures, of more rapid reaction. The apparent activation energies for carburization are discussed in terms of carbon solubilities and diffusion coefficients. It is concluded that Wagner's theory of internal oxidation is quantitatively applicable to simple alloys but not to alloys which contain additions of reactive elements. The effectiveness of additions of niobium, aluminum, titanium, and silicon is demonstrated and is discussed in the context of Wagner's theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656570
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of scale constitution on the carburization of heat resistant steels (1986)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 26 (1986), S. 417-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Schlagwort(e): cyclic carburization-oxidation ; carbides ; austenite ; kinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Several austenitic heat-resistant steels were exposed to alternating periods of carburization at 1273 K [a c= 1,po2〈10−28 atm] and oxidation at 973°K [a c≈ O,po2 = 0.2 atm]. In all cases the depth of internal carbide precipitation increased with cumulative carburization time. It was found that the carburization rates of high nickel content alloys were unaffected by intermittent oxidation cycles, whereas the low nickel, high iron content alloys experienced a reduction in carburization rate subsequent to oxidation treatment. The latter group of alloys formed external scales of chromium-rich M7C3 which were shown by sulfur tracing experiments to be gas permeable. It was concluded, therefore, that oxidation of these materials led to blockage of cracks and holes in the scales, thereby decreasing the surface carbon activity and hence the carburization rate. High nickel, low iron alloys formed external scales of chromium-rich M7C3 covered by Cr3C2. These scales were shown to have very low gas permeabilities. It was concluded that the carbon activity at the surface of these alloys was controlled by scale-alloy equilibration, and was therefore not affected by brief periods of oxidation. The pattern of carbide scale formation is qualitatively consistent with the thermodynamics of the Fe-Cr-C system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00659345
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphological studies of coking on heat-resistant alloys (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 20 (1985), S. 4035-4044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The deposition of coke from a propylene-hydrogen mixture on to a range of austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni base alloys has been studied. Morphological investigations reveal the formation of a chromium-rich carbide layer on the surface of the alloys. This layer is initially protective, but eventually develops defects from which coke filaments grow. The formation of these filaments is catalysed by the chromium-depleted metal which becomes accessible to the gas following failure of the carbide layer. Once catalytic coke formation commences, it is maintained by the presence within the coke of small metal particles rich in iron and nickel.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00552396
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Coke deposition on and removal from metals and heat-resistant alloys under steam-cracking conditions (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 4376-4384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The kinetics of coke formation and its removal from nickel, copper and alloys have been studied and the results correlated with the morphology of the deposits. Coke deposition from hydrogen-propylene-steam was fast on nickel and slower on copper and the alloys. The deposition on nickel was filamentary in appearance, resulting from a heterogeneously catalysed process, whereas the deposit on the alloys and on non-catalytic copper was essentially uniform. On the alloys, protection appeared to result from the production of scales, containing predominantly Cr3C2 and Cr2O3, on the surface. At the same time, carburization of the alloy was reduced, apparently as a result of the formation of a silicon-enriched layer at the base of the scale. Steam was found to have little effect on coke formation. However, in the absence of gas-phase hydrocarbons, coke gasification by steam was rapid for nickel but several orders of magnitude slower for the alloys. The main effect of steam is to aid in the formation of scales that are protective against coking and carburization, by promoting oxide formation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01106559
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The coking kinetics of heat resistant austenitic steels in hydrogen-propylene atmospheres (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 3125-3134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The kinetics of coke formation on several commercial Fe-Ni-Cr alloys used in the construction of ethylene steam crackers, nickel and copper were investigated over the temperature range 450 to 1000
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553346
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of germanium in bimetallic reforming catalysts (1988)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 37 (1988), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract Влияние германия на поведение катализатора Pt/Al2O3 исследовали в риформинге н-гептана с целью сравнения активностей, селективностей и времен ктализаторов Pt/Al2O3, Ge/Al2O3 и Pt−Ge/Al2O3. Полагают, что присутствие германия приводит к пониженному содержанию углерода на катализаторе и к менее явной дезактивации катализатора с увеличением селективности к ароматике.
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of germanium on the behavior of a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was studied in normal heptane reforming in order to compare activity, selectivity and life of Pt/Al2O3; Ge/Al2O3 and Pt−Ge/Al2O3 catalysts. It is suggested that the presence of germanium results in lower carbon content on the catalyst and less pronounced catalyst deactivation with an increase in aromatics selectivity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02062073
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Carbonaceous deposits on metals: Influence on activity and selectivity for methylcyclopentane reforming (1988)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 37 (1988), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract Исследовано отложение кокса на монометаллических катализаторах Pt, Re, Ir, Ge и Sn, нанесенных на γ-Al2O3 и его влияние на активность и селективность крекинга метилциклопентана. Наблюдаемые эффекты интерпретируются на основе взаимодействий металла с носителем, которые модифицируют суммарные скорости каталитической дезактивации.
    Notizen: Abstract Coke deposition on monometallic Pt, Re, Ir, Ge and Sn catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3, and its influence on activity and selectivity over methylcyclopentene reforming was studied. As a result the effect can be interpreted in terms of metal-support interactions that modify the overall catalytic deactivation rates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02062076
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  • 10
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    Coke deposition on and removal from metals and heat-resistant alloys under steam-cracking conditions (1986)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1986-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Digitale ISSN: 1573-4803
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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