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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Gas Multicomponent Thermochemical Treatment Process on Structure and Properties of Steel 20 (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 575-578 (Apr. 2008), p. 1097-1100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: By low temperature gas multi-component thermochemical treatment, C, N, and O three elements aresimultaneously infiltrated into the surface of steel 20, forming a dense, homogeneous, 50μmpenetrating layer and about 150μm transition layer. X ray diffractometer and sweep electronmicroscope are used to measure the phase components and surface morphology. The results show thatthe penetrating layer is mainly composed of oxides and nitrides. After gas multi-componentthermochemical treatment, the hardness on the surface penetrating layer of steel 20 may reach up toover 800HV, 3 times more than that of the original material; the hardness of transition layer is about300HV, also higher than that of the original material. Within the temperature range of the test, thesurface hardness increases with the rise of heating temperature, and the thickness of penetrating layeralso increases with the rise of temperature. The tribological experiment shows that aftermulti-component thermochemical treatment, the lowest friction factor of steel 20 is 0.25, while thefriction factor of the original material is 0.5; the wear resistance was improved
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/18/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.575-578.1097.pdf
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot Compression Behavior of Liquidus Casting ZK60 Magnesium Alloy (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 488-489 (July 2005), p. 563-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/10/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.488-489.563.pdf
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretic Deposition of Nacre Coatings on Titanium Substrates (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 309-311 (May 2006), p. 747-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Nacre powder suspensions in alcohol added with acetic acid (Suspension I) or calcium chloride (Suspension II) were prepared. Titanium substrates were coated with nacre powder by EPD in the suspensions. The result shows that Suspension II is more stable than Suspension I, and deposition rate in Suspension II is much higher than that in Suspension I. XRD and FTIR results show that the nacre coatings exhibit the same characteristics as the raw nacre powder. SEMmorphologies show that uniform coatings are achieved. Scratch test shows that bonding strength of coatings from Suspension I is much higher than that of Suspension II. The higher bonding strength from Suspension I was confirmed to be closely related to the concurrent deposition of organic molecules dissolved in the suspension
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/51/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.309-311.747.pdf
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation Resistance of Mild Steels Coated with Ce〈sup〉4+〈/sup〉-Modified TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 Nanofilms (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 336-338 (Apr. 2007), p. 1930-1932 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Ce4+-modified titania nanofilm was deposited onto mild steels by the sol-gel method. Theeffect of the film on protecting mild steels from oxidation was studied by means of oxidation test, SEMand XRD. It was found that the anti-oxidation effect is increased by Ce4+ modifying and with increasinglayer number. When oxidized below 600 oC, the Ce4+-modified double-layer titania nanofilm possessesan excellent anti-oxidation performance that is comparable with that of the stainless steel
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/53/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.336-338.1930.pdf
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Bone Remodeling and Cellular Responses to Cranial Suture Distraction Osteogenesis in Growing Goats (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 342-343 (July 2007), p. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The purpose of the present study was to observe the response and changes of cranialsuture to the distraction forces in growing goats and to examine the expression patterns of TGF-βand BMP during suture distraction.Twenty growing goats were divided into three groups: control(n=4), experimental (n=12), and sham (n=4). A pure titanium distractor was placed in the coronalsuture in both the sham and experimental groups. After healing, the distractor was activated fordistraction of the coronal suture at a rate of 0.5 mm/day for 8 days in the experimental group. Threeanimals were killed respectively, at 0，2，4 and 8 weeks after completion of suture distraction. Noforce was applied in the sham group. X- Ray examination was taken and the coronal suture sampleswere harvested and processed for histological analysis and scanning electron microscopic analysisand immunohistochemistry of TGF-β and BMP. The coronal sutures of experimental group wereseparated successfully. Signs of intramembranous bone formation and remodeling were found in thedistracted suture，and the sutural structure almost return to its normal state at 8 weeks after end ofdistraction. At 0 and 2 weeks after completion of suture distraction, the collagen fiber bundles werestrengthened and aligned in the direction of the distracted forces. Strong expression of BMP andTGF-β were detected in the fibroblast-like cells and the active osteoblasts. At 4 weeks after suturedistraction, signs of intramembranous ossification were found in the edge areas of the distractedsuture, and the positive staining of BMP and TGF-β was still noted in the osteoblasts around thenewly formed bone trabeculae. This study suggests that cranial suture expansion can be achieved ingrowing animal by distraction osteogenesis. Mechanical strain resulted from distractor can inducethe adaptive remodeling in the cranial suture of growing goats. It also suggests BMP and TGF-βmay play very important roles in the process of bone formation and remodeling during suturedistraction osteogenesis
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/54/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.342-343.5.pdf
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactivation and Refolding of Reassociated Dimers of Rabbit Muscle Creatine Kinase (2000)
    Springer
    The protein journal 19 (2000), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Creatine kinase ; dissociation ; reassociation ; hybrid dimer ; reactivation ; refolding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Creatine kinase (ATP:creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2) is a good model for studying dissociation and reassociation during unfolding and refolding. This study compares self-reassociated CK dimers and CK dimers that contain hybrid dimers under proper conditions. Creatine kinase forms a monomer when denatured in 6 M urea for 1 h which will very quickly form a dimer when the denaturant is diluted under suitable conditions. After modification by DTNB, CK was denatured in 6 M urea to form a modified CK monomer. Dimerization of this modified subunit of CK occurred upon dilution into a suitable buffer containing DTT. Therefore, three different types of reassociated CK dimers including a hybrid dimer can be made from two different CK monomers in the proper conditions. The CK monomers are from a urea-denatured monomer of DTNB-modified CK and from an unmodified urea dissociated monomer. Equal enzyme concentration ratios of these two monomers were mixed in the presence of urea, then diluted into the proper buffer to form the three types of reassociated CK dimers including the hybrid dimer. Reassociated CK dimers including all three different types recover about 75% activity following a two-phase course (k 1 = 4.88 × 10−3 s−1, k 2 = 0.68 × 10−3 s−1). Intrinsic fluorescence spectra of the three different CK monomers which were dissociated in 6 M urea, dissociated in 6 M urea after DTNB modification, and a mixture of the first two dissociated enzymes were studied in the presence of the denaturant urea. The three monomers had different fluorescence intensities and emission maxima. The intrinsic fluorescence maximum intensity changes of the reassociated CK dimers were also studied. The refolding processes also follow biphasic kinetics (k 1 = 3.28 × 10−3 s−1, k 2 = 0.11 × 10−3 s −1) after dilution in the proper solutions. Tsou's method [Tsou (1988), Adv. Enzymol. Rel. Areas Mol. Biol. 61, 381–436] was also used to measure the kinetic reactivation rate constants for the different three types of reassociated CK dimers, with different kinetic reactivation rate constants observed for each type. CK dissociation and reassociation schemes are suggested based on the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007051619017
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimal Functional Unit of Lactate Dehydrogenase (1997)
    Springer
    The protein journal 16 (1997), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Lactate dehydrogenase, hybrid ; modified subunit ; function minimal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The tetrameric heart isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase (H4) is modified by p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) to produce the inactive tetramer $$({\text{H}}_4^\prime )$$ and then hybridized with native tetrameric muscle isozyme (M4). The hybrid mixture $$({\text{M}}_{\text{4}} {\text{,H}}^\prime {\text{M}}_{\text{3}} {\text{,H}}_2^\prime {\text{M}}_{\text{2}} ,{\text{H}}_3^\prime {\text{M, and H}}_4^\prime )$$ was isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and then stained for enzyme activity and with Coomassie brilliant blue. Only three bands were found on the gels in either case. The hybrid enzymes $$({\text{H}}^\prime {\text{M}}_{\text{3}} {\text{ and H}}_2^\prime {\text{M}}_{\text{2}} )$$ as isolated by PAGE have half the specific activity of the native muscle enzyme. The electrophoresis properties of H′M3 are very similar to those of HM3, while the electrophoresis properties of $${\text{H}}_2^\prime {\text{M}}_{\text{2}} $$ are very similar to those of H2M2. The above results strongly suggest that the tetramer having enzymatic activity contains at least two native subunits, and the di-subunit in the tetrameric enzyme is the minimal functional unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026382926299
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of inhibition of alkaline phosphatase from green crab (Scylla serrata) by N-bromosuccinimide (1996)
    Springer
    The protein journal 15 (1996), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase ; inhibition ; chemical modification ; N-bromosuccinimide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The inactivation of alkaline phosphatase from green crab (Scylla serrata) by N-bromosuccinimide has been studied using the kinetic method of the substrate reaction during modification of enzyme activity previously described by Tsou [(1988),Adv. Enzymol. Related Areas Mol. Biol. 61, 381–436]. The results show that inactivation of the enzyme is a slow, reversible reaction. The microscopic rate constants for the reaction of the inactivator with free enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex were determined. Comparison of these rate constants indicates that the presence of substrate offers marked protection of this enzyme against inactivation by N-bromosuccinimide. The above results suggest that the tryptophan residue is essential for activity and is situated at the active site of the enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01886860
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of inactivation and unfolding of green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphatase during denaturation by guanidinium chloride (1996)
    Springer
    The protein journal 15 (1996), S. 359-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase ; denaturation ; inactivation ; guanidinium chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) is a metalloenzyme, each active site in which contains a tight cluster of two zinc ions and one magnesium ion. Unfolding and inactivation of the enzyme during denaturation in guanidinium chloride (GuHCl) solutions of different concentrations have been compared. The kinetic theory of the substrate reaction during irreversible inhibition of enzyme activity previously described by Tsou [(1988),Adv. Enzymol. Related Areas Mol. Biol. 61, 381–436] has been applied to a study on the kinetics of the course of inactivation of the enzyme during denaturation by GuHCl. The rate constants of unfolding and inactivation have been determined. The results show that inactivation occurs before noticeable conformational change can be detected. It is suggested that the active site of green crab alkaline phosphatase containing multiple metal ions is also situated in a limited region of the enzyme molecule that is more fragile to denaturants than the protein as a whole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01886862
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Mg2+ During Reactivation and Refolding of Guanidine Hydrochloride-Denatured Creatine Kinase (2000)
    Springer
    The protein journal 19 (2000), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Creatine kinase ; magnesium ion ; reactivation ; refolding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Creatine kinase (ATP: creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2) was completely denatured using 3 M guanidine hydrochloride for 2 h as in previous studies [Yao et al. (1982), Sci. Sin. 25B, 1296–1302; Yao et al. (1984), Biochemistry 23, 2740–2744; Yao et al. (1982), Sci. Sin. 25B, 1186–1193]. Under suitable conditions, about 60–70% of the activity can be recovered in the presence of different Mg2+ concentrations. Both the reactivation and the refolding processes follow two-phase courses after dilution in the proper solutions. A comparison of the rate constants for the refolding of unfolded creatine kinase with those for the recovery of its catalytic activity at various Mg2+ concentrations shows that these are not synchronized. The reactivity of guanidine hydrochloride-denatured creatine kinase can be inhibited by Mg2+; however, the rates of reactivation are independent of the Mg2+ concentration. In addition, Mg2+ affects the fluorescence intensity, but the rate constants of refolding are independent of Mg2+ concentration. Although the reactivation of GdHCl-denatured creatine kinase is complete about 3 h after dilution with reactivation solutions, the conformational changes during refolding occur in a much slower reaction. Mg2+ can induce complex changes in the relative fluorescence intensity during refolding over a broad range of concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007003703087
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