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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial myoendocrine cells ; Morphometry ; Plasma atrial natriuretic peptides ; Circadian variations ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Subcellular structures of atrial myoendocrine cells in the rat heart and plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) were examined at six evenlyspaced time points over 24 h, using morphometric techniques and radioimmunoassay. Myofibrils and mitochondria of the cells occupied 73.3% of the cytoplasm; 2% of the cytoplasm was occupied by secretory granules, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, structures characteristic of endocrine cells. Plasma ANP concentration was maximal at 08.00 h, when the individual volume of secretory granules was minimal. The numerical density of secretory granules was increased at 12.00 h. The plasma ANP concentration was minimal at 20.00 h, when the numerical density was minimal and the individual volume was maximal. The fluctuation in plasma ANP concentrations over 24 h was thus parallel to that in the numerical densities of secretory granules and inverse to that in individual volumes. These results suggest that in rats the secretory activity of atrial myoendocrine cells increases at the beginning of the resting period, whereas it decreases at the beginning of the active phase.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular cells ; Circadian rhythm ; Plasma renin activity ; Plasma angiotensinogen concentration ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Subcellular structures of juxtaglomerular (JG) cells in the rat kidney were morphometrically examined at six evenly spaced times over 24 h. Plasma renin activities and angiotensinogen concentrations were also measured at these times. The cell volumes were larger at 20.00 h and 04.00 h than at 00.00 h, whereas the nuclear volumes peaked at 20.00 h and 08.00 h, decreasing at 00.00 h and 16.00 h. The volume and surface densities of renin granules and their individual volumes and surface areas peaked at 16.00 h and 00.00 h, decreasing at 20.00 h and 08.00 h, whereas their numerical densities peaked at 20.00 h, decreasing at 12.00 h. The surface densities of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) peaked at 20.00 h, decreasing at other times, except at 08.00 h, when rER volume and surface density were relatively high. The plasma renin activity was maximal at 20.00 h, whereas it was minimal at 08.00 h. The variation in plasma angiotensinogen concentrations was inversely correlated with that in plasma renin activities. These results suggest that JG cells actively synthesize and release renin during the dark period, especially at 20.00 h, whereas during the light period they gradually synthesize renin and produce the granules, most of which may be stored in the cells during this period.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Primates 23 (1982), S. 105-129 
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphological relationships between the cranium and basihyal of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) were analyzed based on measurements of 36 cranial and 3 basihyal dimensions and observations of the female specimen in spirits. In this study, 115 crania from 111 red howler monkeys and 4 mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) were used. The analyses from the standpoints of the correlation coefficients, principal component analysis, discriminant function analysis, age changes and sex differences were performed and the following results were obtained: (1) The cranial measurements closely related to the basihyal measurements were mandibular length, occipital breadth, facial length, ramus height, cranial base length, bigonial breadth and pr-i length. (2) Age changes for the mandibular measurements in males of red howler monkeys were remarkable, and, in particular, the development of the gonion toward posterior and lateral directions were characteristic. (3) The largest sex differences were found in the mandibular measurements of red howler monkeys among the Anthropoidea of seven genera compared. (4) The existence of a “cline” in the cranial measurements of the red howler monkey was recognized. (5) The inter-species differences in the crania between the red howler monkey and mantled howler monkey are obvious, metrically and non-metrically. Based on the results mentioned above, the morphological relationships between the mandible and basihyal in the red howler monkey are discussed.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Primates 16 (1975), S. 367-370 
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Macaca ; Sulawesi ; Body color ; Speciation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The body color of Sulawesi macaques was measured quantitatively and compared among the different monkeys. As a result, divergence models for extant Sulawesi macaques, withtonkeana as the starting point and fading as the sole direction of color change, were inferred as follows: (1) fading slightly on the upper half of the body—nigra, fading more on the proximal part of the body—nigrescens; (2) fading over the whole body—maura; (3) fading greatly on the legs—hecki; and (4) fading on the distal part of the body—ochreata, fading more over the whole body, including the proximal part of the body—brunnescens. The color changed progressively in the order of (1) through (4). The divergence model, excluding the position ofhecki (3), supports the speciation model ofFooden (1969). If the proto-Sulawesi macaques had a body color pattern similar to the livingnemestrina, darkening would have been necessary for the evolution of the Sulawesi macaques after their immigration, and it may have been acquired as an adaptation to the ground (forest floor) living nature of the Sulawesi macaques, together with influences deriving from the insularity and/or from the absence of predators.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Macaca fuscata ; Koshima troop ; Growth ; Somatometry ; Sexual maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Japanese monkeys inhabiting Koshima islet were investigated morphologically, and compared with those living in other areas of Japan. The morphological features of the Koshima monkeys are thought to reflect many interrelated factors. Their body size is the smallest inMacaca fuscata fuscata. The lower latitude and the warmer winter of the islet represent the major factors in this small body size. Another physical characteristic is their longer limbs, which may be related to the same environmental factors. The adult males of the Koshima troop show the widest variation, while the variation in the adult females is the narrowest, among the troops ofMacaca fuscata examined. This may be explained either by sexually differentiated growth, that is, males continue to grow considerably after 8 years of age, whereas females do not; or by isolation, that is, males sometimes immigrate into or emigrate from the islet, whereas almost of all the females remain there. It was found that the influence of food limitations on body weight depends on sex and age; babies and juveniles, and adult males did not lose their body weight, but monkeys aged from 3 to 7 years and adult females had lost much weight compared to those of the same ages and sexes measured in 1963 (feeding was not limited). This fact may support the idea of “sex-age-class selection” proposed byMori (1979), but the weight loss pattern could be explained by changes of body composition with growth. The growth of the anterior trunk length, too, was restrained. Sexual maturation in males was delayed by at least one year.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Crab-eating macaque ; Mauritius ; Isolation effect ; Parasitic fauna ; Viral antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Clinical inspections were carried out in order to obtain sufficient information concerning the physiological characteristics and states of natural infection by various pathogenic agents in the population of crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) on Mauritius. The hematological and plasma biochemical values were within the normal ranges, showing no morbid signs. The intestinal parasitic appearance was so simplified that onlyStrongyloides andTrichuris were noted as helminthic findings. All of the monkeys examined were free from enteropathogenic organisms such asShigella andSalmonella, and were negative for measles, herpes simplex type 1, simian immunodeficiency virus/MAC, and SV5 antibodies. These data suggest that the macaques in Mauritius are considerably spared from natural infections by various pathogenic agents.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: ALP ; Ca ; P ; Development ; Japanese macaque
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, and inorganic phosphorus in the Japanese macaque were measured during its growing period. The plasma ALP level within two days after birth was 818±186 IU/1, and the level showed a temporary peak at about 2 months of age (2747±763 IU/1). The ALP level formed a plateau from 1 to 3 years of age, then decreased again and reached finally an adult level (211±71 IU/1). Sex differences were observed twice during the animal's lifetime, from 6 to 9 months of age and from 3 to 7 years of age. On integration of this complicated curve, a correlation was observed with the development of the length of the bones. The plasma levels of calcium and inorganic phosphorus which were high within two days after birth, reached adult levels at 3 months and 5 years of age, respectively.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1573-2657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate the mechanism that produces enormous molecular diversity in troponin T (TnT) of fast skeletal muscle, we determined the 5′-half genomic sequence of the chicken fast muscle TnT gene. The sequence of ca. 16 kb included seven exons (exons 1, 2, 3, 4, w, 5, and 6), which have been reported previously and presumed by sequencing TnT cDNAs. Additionally we found six 15 nt and one 18 nt sequences in the region between exons 5 and 6 (i.e. the exon x region). They were encompassed by consensus splice donor and acceptor sites and preceded by putative branch sites, and designated herein as exons xa to xg. Our result shows that the sequence derived from exons x1, x2, and x3, the exons presumed previously by cDNA sequencing, is actually encoded by the seven exons xa to xg, establishing the precise gene structure in the exon x region. Based on our data, together with that on the 3′-half genomic sequence of the quail fast muscle TnT gene, we conclude that the avian fast skeletal muscle TnT gene includes 27 exons, 16 of which are alternatively spliced.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Primates 19 (1978), S. 785-793 
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A female patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) housed with two males of different species, Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas), and vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops pigerythrus), gave birth to a female offspring in a semi-open enclosure on June 11, 1975. Karyological analyses and electrophoretic examinations were carried out in order to determine the real father of the hybrid. From the results of these observations it was concluded that the father of the hybrid individual wasCercopithecus aethiops. Additionally, somatometric and hematological investigations were performed.
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