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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enthalpy of mixing of hydrated melts I: The system (ZnCl2.4H2O)−(LiCl.4H2O) (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 12 (1983), S. 855-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Calorimetry ; mixing enthalpy ; concentrated aqueous solutions ; zinc chloride ; lithium chloride ; hydrated melts ; complex formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the enthalpy of mixing at 25°C for the hydrate system (ZnCl2+RH2O)−(LiCl+RH2O) are reported. A distinct maximum and a pronounced shoulder appears in the enthalpy of mixing data at mole fractions of XZnCl2=0.33 and 0.50, respectively, forR equal to about 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00643925
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enthalpy of mixing of hydrated melts. II. Evidence for an endothermic step in the chlorocomplex formation of zinc (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 15 (1986), S. 717-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Calorimetry ; mixing enthalpy ; concentrated aqueous solutions ; ZnCl2, LiCl, LiNO3 ; hydrated melts ; complex formation ; hydration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The enthalpies of mixing measured for the systems x(ZnCl2+RH2O)-(1−x)(LiCl+RH2O) are reported. In contrast to the exothermic effects for R=4, the mixing processes at R=6 are considerably endothermic. For R=5, the sign of ΔH M depends on the composition. The mixing enthalpies of these hydrated melts are controlled by an endothermic step in the chlorocomplex formation of zinc and the exothermic hydration of lithium cations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646713
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isopiestic measurements at high temperatures: I. Aqueous solutions of LiCl, CsCl, and CaCl2 at 155°C (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 23 (1994), S. 1061-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Osmotic coefficients ; isopiestic ; Pitzer model ; LiCl ; CsCl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Isopiestic measurements have been made for LiCl (aq) and CsCl (aq) at a temperature of 155°C. Equilibrium molalities ranged up to 21 mol-kg−1. MgCl2(aq) was chosen as the reference electrolyte. The apparatus used for the isopiestic experiments is an enhanced version of that developed by Grjotheim and co-workers. To test its precision osmotic coefficients of CaCl2 (aq) have also been determined and compared with previously reported vapor pressure measurements at high concentrations. The results show a very good coincidence. The data can be described by the ion interaction model of Pitzer. The resulting set of parameters allows a fit of the experimental osmotic coefficients with a standard error of 0.0078 and 0.0114 for LiCl(aq) and CsCl (aq), respectively. The osmotic coefficients of LiCl are consistent with data at lower molalities, but there are discrepancies for the CsCl solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00976256
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isopiestic measurements at high temperature: II. The ternary system LiCl-MgCl2-H2O at 155°C (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 24 (1995), S. 917-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Pitzer model ; isopiestic ; modified B.E.T. equation ; ternary system ; MgCl2 ; LiCl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The ternary system LiCl−MgCl2−H2O has been investigated at eight different solution compositions and at 155 5°C. Isopiestic measurements have been made for total equilibrium molalities ranging up to 16.6 mol-kg−1, using MgCl2(aq) as the reference electrolyte. A description of the osmotic coefficients by the ion interaction model of Pitzer gave an overall standard error of 0.006 for the whole data set. The binary Pitzer parameters for MgCl2(aq) were taken from Valyashko and co-workers, whereas the parameters for LiCl(aq) have been determined by the authors in a previous work. It was necessary to use both mixing parameters θMgLi and ψMgLiCl for the fit. The regression gave values of 0.075626 for θMgLi and −7.1392×10−3 for θMgLiCl. The modified B.E.T. equation according to Stokes and Robinson was applied succesfully for water activities lower than 0.4. Using only a linear relationship between the LiCl salt mole fraction and the B.E.T. parameters r and ΔE it was possible to describe the water activities to within 0.36%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00973445
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isopiestic measurements at high temperatures: III. The ternary system KCl−MgCl2−H2O at 155°C (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 25 (1996), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Osmotic coefficients ; isopiestic ; Pitzer model ; modified B.E.T. equation ; ternary system ; MgCl2, KCl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract At a temperature of 155.5°C, isopiestic measurements have been made for the ternary system KCl−MgCl2−H2O at 12 different solute mole fractions. Total equilibrium molalities ranged up to 9.71 mol-kg−1. MgCl2(aq) was chosen as the reference electrolyte. A description of the osmotic coefficients by the ion interaction model of Pitzer gave an overall standard error of 0.0177. The binary Pitzer parameters have been taken from Holmes, Mesmer, and Valyashko et al. for KCl(aq) and MgCl2(aq), respectively. It was necessary to use both mixing parametersΘ MgK andΨ MgKCl for the fit, but an additional introduction of an ionic strength dependence for these parameters yielded no further improvement. Due to the solubility limits the modified B.E.T. equation according to Stokes and Robinson could be applied only to a small subset of all data points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00972761
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The behaviour of cellulose in hydrated melts of the composition LiXċn H2O (X=I−, NO3−, CH3COO−, ClO4−) (1999)
    Springer
    Cellulose 6 (1999), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: low temperature molten salts ; cellulose solvents ; X‐ray scattering ; molecular weight distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The dissolution behaviour of cellulose in low temperature molten salts was investigated. Depending on the chosen anions in the melt, cellulose shows different reaction behaviour in different Li+‐containing melts. Dissolution of the polymer was observed in molten LiClO4ċ3H2O and molten LiIċ2H2O. In the hydrated melts of LiCH3COOċ2H2O and LiNO3ċ3H2O a fine distribution of cellulose was stated. Cellulose can be regenerated by cooling the melt and removing the salt by dissolution in water. The structure of the recrystallized product is determined by the used low temperature molten salt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009269614096
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of salt activities in molten salt hydrates applying the modified BET equation, I: Binary systems (1993)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 124 (1993), S. 839-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Molten hydrates ; Phase diagrams ; Solid-liquid equilibria ; Thermodynamic activities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Auf der Grundlage des modifizierten BET-Modells nach Stokes und Robinson wurde eine Gleichung zur Berechnung der Salzaktivitäten in geschmolzenen Salzhydraten abgeleitet. Mit der Gleichung wurden die Liquiduslinien der Hydrate von MgCl2, Mg(NO3)2 und CaCl2 imT-x-Diagramm beschrieben. Besondere Charakteristika des Modells sind die kleine Anzahl adjustierbarer Parameter und die Möglichkeiten zu Extrapolationen.
    Notes: Summary On the basis of the modified BET model according to Stokes and Robinson, an equation for the calculation of salt activities in molten salt hydrates has been derived. The equation is used to describe successfully the liquidus curves of the hydrates of MgCl2, Mg(NO3)2 and CaCl2 inT-x diagrams. A promissing feature of the model is the small number of adjustable parameters and its extrapolative power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00816406
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melting of Tutton's salts studied by DSC
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 237 (1994), S. 13-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0040-6031(94)85179-4
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar radio spectrography in Europe (1995)
    Springer
    Solar physics 161 (1995), S. 393-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent technical progress of solar radio spectrography is concerned with digital data recording, the achievement of high time and frequency resolution, and with an improved coverage of the radio range at short and long wavelengths. A spatially-distributed network of radio spectrographs allows for complementary information about solar events and periods of activity selected for detailed investigation. By modern radio spectrographs a wealth of not yet adequately classified spectral fine structures can be observed, some of them potentially intimately related to effects of fragmentation of flare energy and/or to processes related to coronal heating. Requirements for the choice of technical parameters of solar spectrographs for checking theoretical models of fundamental processes of energy release are reflected in modern instruments. Prospects for future observations are briefly included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00732077
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ectopic human chorionic gonadotropin in breast carcinoma (1979)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1392-1393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was found in 9 of 65 surgically removed malignant breast tumors. Concentrations ranged from 5 to greater than 500 mIU hCG/g tumor. hCG was measured by a β-chain specific radioimmunoassay. In further study of these specimens, an immunoperoxidase staining technique was used to stain for hCG in formalin-fixed sections. The hCG was shown to be localized within the cytoplasm and on the surface of the malignant cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964028
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