ALBERT

Description: Author(s): Rajesh Singh, Dipanjan Ghosh, and R. Adhikari The multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is used in many branches of science and engineering to describe the regression of a system to its stationary mean. Here we present an O ( N ) Bayesian method to estimate the drift and diffusion matrices of the process from N discrete observations of a sample ... [Phys. Rev. E 98, 012136] Published Thu Jul 26, 2018

Description: A stochastic background of gravitational waves is expected to arise from a superposition of a large number of unresolved gravitational-wave sources of astrophysical and cosmological origin. It should carry unique signatures from the earliest epochs in the evolution of the Universe, inaccessible to standard astrophysical observations. Direct measurements of the amplitude of this background are therefore of fundamental importance for understanding the evolution of the Universe when it was younger than one minute. Here we report limits on the amplitude of the stochastic gravitational-wave background using the data from a two-year science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). Our result constrains the energy density of the stochastic gravitational-wave background normalized by the critical energy density of the Universe, in the frequency band around 100 Hz, to be 〈6.9 x 10(-6) at 95% confidence. The data rule out models of early Universe evolution with relatively large equation-of-state parameter, as well as cosmic (super)string models with relatively small string tension that are favoured in some string theory models. This search for the stochastic background improves on the indirect limits from Big Bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background at 100 Hz.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LIGO Scientific Collaboration & Virgo Collaboration -- Abbott, B P -- Abbott, R -- Acernese, F -- Adhikari, R -- Ajith, P -- Allen, B -- Allen, G -- Alshourbagy, M -- Amin, R S -- Anderson, S B -- Anderson, W G -- Antonucci, F -- Aoudia, S -- Arain, M A -- Araya, M -- Armandula, H -- Armor, P -- Arun, K G -- Aso, Y -- Aston, S -- Astone, P -- Aufmuth, P -- Aulbert, C -- Babak, S -- Baker, P -- Ballardin, G -- Ballmer, S -- Barker, C -- Barker, D -- Barone, F -- Barr, B -- Barriga, P -- Barsotti, L -- Barsuglia, M -- Barton, M A -- Bartos, I -- Bassiri, R -- Bastarrika, M -- Bauer, Th S -- Behnke, B -- Beker, M -- Benacquista, M -- Betzwieser, J -- Beyersdorf, P T -- Bigotta, S -- Bilenko, I A -- Billingsley, G -- Birindelli, S -- Biswas, R -- Bizouard, M A -- Black, E -- Blackburn, J K -- Blackburn, L -- Blair, D -- Bland, B -- Boccara, C -- Bodiya, T P -- Bogue, L -- Bondu, F -- Bonelli, L -- Bork, R -- Boschi, V -- Bose, S -- Bosi, L -- Braccini, S -- Bradaschia, C -- Brady, P R -- Braginsky, V B -- Brand, J F J van den -- Brau, J E -- Bridges, D O -- Brillet, A -- Brinkmann, M -- Brisson, V -- Van Den Broeck, C -- Brooks, A F -- Brown, D A -- Brummit, A -- Brunet, G -- Bullington, A -- Bulten, H J -- Buonanno, A -- Burmeister, O -- Buskulic, D -- Byer, R L -- Cadonati, L -- Cagnoli, G -- Calloni, E -- Camp, J B -- Campagna, E -- Cannizzo, J -- Cannon, K C -- Canuel, B -- Cao, J -- Carbognani, F -- Cardenas, L -- Caride, S -- Castaldi, G -- Caudill, S -- Cavaglia, M -- Cavalier, F -- Cavalieri, R -- Cella, G -- Cepeda, C -- Cesarini, E -- Chalermsongsak, T -- Chalkley, E -- Charlton, P -- Chassande-Mottin, E -- Chatterji, S -- Chelkowski, S -- Chen, Y -- Christensen, N -- Chung, C T Y -- Clark, D -- Clark, J -- Clayton, J H -- Cleva, F -- Coccia, E -- Cokelaer, T -- Colacino, C N -- Colas, J -- Colla, A -- Colombini, M -- Conte, R -- Cook, D -- Corbitt, T R C -- Corda, C -- Cornish, N -- Corsi, A -- Coulon, J-P -- Coward, D -- Coyne, D C -- Creighton, J D E -- Creighton, T D -- Cruise, A M -- Culter, R M -- Cumming, A -- Cunningham, L -- Cuoco, E -- Danilishin, S L -- D'Antonio, S -- Danzmann, K -- Dari, A -- Dattilo, V -- Daudert, B -- Davier, M -- Davies, G -- Daw, E J -- Day, R -- De Rosa, R -- Debra, D -- Degallaix, J -- Del Prete, M -- Dergachev, V -- Desai, S -- Desalvo, R -- Dhurandhar, S -- Di Fiore, L -- Di Lieto, A -- Di Paolo Emilio, M -- Di Virgilio, A -- Diaz, M -- Dietz, A -- Donovan, F -- Dooley, K L -- Doomes, E E -- Drago, M -- Drever, R W P -- Dueck, J -- Duke, I -- Dumas, J-C -- Dwyer, J G -- Echols, C -- Edgar, M -- Effler, A -- Ehrens, P -- Ely, G -- Espinoza, E -- Etzel, T -- Evans, M -- Evans, T -- Fafone, V -- Fairhurst, S -- Faltas, Y -- Fan, Y -- Fazi, D -- Fehrmann, H -- Ferrante, I -- Fidecaro, F -- Finn, L S -- Fiori, I -- Flaminio, R -- Flasch, K -- Foley, S -- Forrest, C -- Fotopoulos, N -- Fournier, J-D -- Franc, J -- Franzen, A -- Frasca, S -- Frasconi, F -- Frede, M -- Frei, M -- Frei, Z -- Freise, A -- Frey, R -- Fricke, T -- Fritschel, P -- Frolov, V V -- Fyffe, M -- Galdi, V -- Gammaitoni, L -- Garofoli, J A -- Garufi, F -- Genin, E -- Gennai, A -- Gholami, I -- Giaime, J A -- Giampanis, S -- Giardina, K D -- Giazotto, A -- Goda, K -- Goetz, E -- Goggin, L M -- Gonzalez, G -- Gorodetsky, M L -- Gobler, S -- Gouaty, R -- Granata, M -- Granata, V -- Grant, A -- Gras, S -- Gray, C -- Gray, M -- Greenhalgh, R J S -- Gretarsson, A M -- Greverie, C -- Grimaldi, F -- Grosso, R -- Grote, H -- Grunewald, S -- Guenther, M -- Guidi, G -- Gustafson, E K -- Gustafson, R -- Hage, B -- Hallam, J M -- Hammer, D -- Hammond, G D -- Hanna, C -- Hanson, J -- Harms, J -- Harry, G M -- Harry, I W -- Harstad, E D -- Haughian, K -- Hayama, K -- Heefner, J -- Heitmann, H -- Hello, P -- Heng, I S -- Heptonstall, A -- Hewitson, M -- Hild, S -- Hirose, E -- Hoak, D -- Hodge, K A -- Holt, K -- Hosken, D J -- Hough, J -- Hoyland, D -- Huet, D -- Hughey, B -- Huttner, S H -- Ingram, D R -- Isogai, T -- Ito, M -- Ivanov, A -- Johnson, B -- Johnson, W W -- Jones, D I -- Jones, G -- Jones, R -- Sancho de la Jordana, L -- Ju, L -- Kalmus, P -- Kalogera, V -- Kandhasamy, S -- Kanner, J -- Kasprzyk, D -- Katsavounidis, E -- Kawabe, K -- Kawamura, S -- Kawazoe, F -- Kells, W -- Keppel, D G -- Khalaidovski, A -- Khalili, F Y -- Khan, R -- Khazanov, E -- King, P -- Kissel, J S -- Klimenko, S -- Kokeyama, K -- Kondrashov, V -- Kopparapu, R -- Koranda, S -- Kozak, D -- Krishnan, B -- Kumar, R -- Kwee, P -- La Penna, P -- Lam, P K -- Landry, M -- Lantz, B -- Laval, M -- Lazzarini, A -- Lei, H -- Lei, M -- Leindecker, N -- Leonor, I -- Leroy, N -- Letendre, N -- Li, C -- Lin, H -- Lindquist, P E -- Littenberg, T B -- Lockerbie, N A -- Lodhia, D -- Longo, M -- Lorenzini, M -- Loriette, V -- Lormand, M -- Losurdo, G -- Lu, P -- Lubinski, M -- Lucianetti, A -- Luck, H -- Machenschalk, B -- Macinnis, M -- Mackowski, J-M -- Mageswaran, M -- Mailand, K -- Majorana, E -- Man, N -- Mandel, I -- Mandic, V -- Mantovani, M -- Marchesoni, F -- Marion, F -- Marka, S -- Marka, Z -- Markosyan, A -- Markowitz, J -- Maros, E -- Marque, J -- Martelli, F -- Martin, I W -- Martin, R M -- Marx, J N -- Mason, K -- Masserot, A -- Matichard, F -- Matone, L -- Matzner, R A -- Mavalvala, N -- McCarthy, R -- McClelland, D E -- McGuire, S C -- McHugh, M -- McIntyre, G -- McKechan, D J A -- McKenzie, K -- Mehmet, M -- Melatos, A -- Melissinos, A C -- Mendell, G -- Menendez, D F -- Menzinger, F -- Mercer, R A -- Meshkov, S -- Messenger, C -- Meyer, M S -- Michel, C -- Milano, L -- Miller, J -- Minelli, J -- Minenkov, Y -- Mino, Y -- Mitrofanov, V P -- Mitselmakher, G -- Mittleman, R -- Miyakawa, O -- Moe, B -- Mohan, M -- Mohanty, S D -- Mohapatra, S R P -- Moreau, J -- Moreno, G -- Morgado, N -- Morgia, A -- Morioka, T -- Mors, K -- Mosca, S -- Mossavi, K -- Mours, B -- Mowlowry, C -- Mueller, G -- Muhammad, D -- Muhlen, H Zur -- Mukherjee, S -- Mukhopadhyay, H -- Mullavey, A -- Muller-Ebhardt, H -- Munch, J -- Murray, P G -- Myers, E -- Myers, J -- Nash, T -- Nelson, J -- Neri, I -- Newton, G -- Nishizawa, A -- Nocera, F -- Numata, K -- Ochsner, E -- O'Dell, J -- Ogin, G H -- O'Reilly, B -- O'Shaughnessy, R -- Ottaway, D J -- Ottens, R S -- Overmier, H -- Owen, B J -- Pagliaroli, G -- Palomba, C -- Pan, Y -- Pankow, C -- Paoletti, F -- Papa, M A -- Parameshwaraiah, V -- Pardi, S -- Pasqualetti, A -- Passaquieti, R -- Passuello, D -- Patel, P -- Pedraza, M -- Penn, S -- Perreca, A -- Persichetti, G -- Pichot, M -- Piergiovanni, F -- Pierro, V -- Pinard, L -- Pinto, I M -- Pitkin, M -- Pletsch, H J -- Plissi, M V -- Poggiani, R -- Postiglione, F -- Principe, M -- Prix, R -- Prodi, G A -- Prokhorov, L -- Punken, O -- Punturo, M -- Puppo, P -- Putten, S van der -- Quetschke, V -- Raab, F J -- Rabaste, O -- Rabeling, D S -- Radkins, H -- Raffai, P -- Raics, Z -- Rainer, N -- Rakhmanov, M -- Rapagnani, P -- Raymond, V -- Re, V -- Reed, C M -- Reed, T -- Regimbau, T -- Rehbein, H -- Reid, S -- Reitze, D H -- Ricci, F -- Riesen, R -- Riles, K -- Rivera, B -- Roberts, P -- Robertson, N A -- Robinet, F -- Robinson, C -- Robinson, E L -- Rocchi, A -- Roddy, S -- Rolland, L -- Rollins, J -- Romano, J D -- Romano, R -- Romie, J H -- Rover, C -- Rowan, S -- Rudiger, A -- Ruggi, P -- Russell, P -- Ryan, K -- Sakata, S -- Salemi, F -- Sandberg, V -- Sannibale, V -- Santamaria, L -- Saraf, S -- Sarin, P -- Sassolas, B -- Sathyaprakash, B S -- Sato, S -- Satterthwaite, M -- Saulson, P R -- Savage, R -- Savov, P -- Scanlan, M -- Schilling, R -- Schnabel, R -- Schofield, R -- Schulz, B -- Schutz, B F -- Schwinberg, P -- Scott, J -- Scott, S M -- Searle, A C -- Sears, B -- Seifert, F -- Sellers, D -- Sengupta, A S -- Sentenac, D -- Sergeev, A -- Shapiro, B -- Shawhan, P -- Shoemaker, D H -- Sibley, A -- Siemens, X -- Sigg, D -- Sinha, S -- Sintes, A M -- Slagmolen, B J J -- Slutsky, J -- van der Sluys, M V -- Smith, J R -- Smith, M R -- Smith, N D -- Somiya, K -- Sorazu, B -- Stein, A -- Stein, L C -- Steplewski, S -- Stochino, A -- Stone, R -- Strain, K A -- Strigin, S -- Stroeer, A -- Sturani, R -- Stuver, A L -- Summerscales, T Z -- Sun, K-X -- Sung, M -- Sutton, P J -- Swinkels, B L -- Szokoly, G P -- Talukder, D -- Tang, L -- Tanner, D B -- Tarabrin, S P -- Taylor, J R -- Taylor, R -- Terenzi, R -- Thacker, J -- Thorne, K A -- Thorne, K S -- Thuring, A -- Tokmakov, K V -- Toncelli, A -- Tonelli, M -- Torres, C -- Torrie, C -- Tournefier, E -- Travasso, F -- Traylor, G -- Trias, M -- Trummer, J -- Ugolini, D -- Ulmen, J -- Urbanek, K -- Vahlbruch, H -- Vajente, G -- Vallisneri, M -- Vass, S -- Vaulin, R -- Vavoulidis, M -- Vecchio, A -- Vedovato, G -- van Veggel, A A -- Veitch, J -- Veitch, P -- Veltkamp, C -- Verkindt, D -- Vetrano, F -- Vicere, A -- Villar, A -- Vinet, J-Y -- Vocca, H -- Vorvick, C -- Vyachanin, S P -- Waldman, S J -- Wallace, L -- Ward, H -- Ward, R L -- Was, M -- Weidner, A -- Weinert, M -- Weinstein, A J -- Weiss, R -- Wen, L -- Wen, S -- Wette, K -- Whelan, J T -- Whitcomb, S E -- Whiting, B F -- Wilkinson, C -- Willems, P A -- Williams, H R -- Williams, L -- Willke, B -- Wilmut, I -- Winkelmann, L -- Winkler, W -- Wipf, C C -- Wiseman, A G -- Woan, G -- Wooley, R -- Worden, J -- Wu, W -- Yakushin, I -- Yamamoto, H -- Yan, Z -- Yoshida, S -- Yvert, M -- Zanolin, M -- Zhang, J -- Zhang, L -- Zhao, C -- Zotov, N -- Zucker, M E -- Zweizig, J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):990-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08278.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lists of participants and their affiliations appear at the end of the paper.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Microbial communities can subsist at depth in marine sediments without fresh supply of organic matter for millions of years. At threshold sedimentation rates of 1 millimeter per 1000 years, the low rates of microbial community metabolism in the North Pacific Gyre allow sediments to remain oxygenated tens of meters below the sea floor. We found that the oxygen respiration rates dropped from 10 micromoles of O(2) liter(-1) year(-1) near the sediment-water interface to 0.001 micromoles of O(2) liter(-1) year(-1) at 30-meter depth within 86 million-year-old sediment. The cell-specific respiration rate decreased with depth but stabilized at around 10(-3) femtomoles of O(2) cell(-1) day(-1) 10 meters below the seafloor. This result indicated that the community size is controlled by the rate of carbon oxidation and thereby by the low available energy flux.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roy, Hans -- Kallmeyer, Jens -- Adhikari, Rishi Ram -- Pockalny, Robert -- Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- D'Hondt, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):922-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1219424.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. hans.roy@biology.au.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Colloidal particles or nanoparticles, with equal affinity for two fluids, are known to adsorb irreversibly to the fluid-fluid interface. We present large-scale computer simulations of the demixing of a binary solvent containing such particles. The newly formed interface sequesters the colloidal particles; as the interface coarsens, the particles are forced into close contact by interfacial tension. Coarsening is markedly curtailed, and the jammed colloidal layer seemingly enters a glassy state, creating a multiply connected, solidlike film in three dimensions. The resulting gel contains percolating domains of both fluids, with possible uses as, for example, a microreaction medium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stratford, K -- Adhikari, R -- Pagonabarraga, I -- Desplat, J-C -- Cates, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2198-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉EPCC, School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The script of the ancient Indus civilization remains undeciphered. The hypothesis that the script encodes language has recently been questioned. Here, we present evidence for the linguistic hypothesis by showing that the script's conditional entropy is closer to those of natural languages than various types of nonlinguistic systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rao, Rajesh P N -- Yadav, Nisha -- Vahia, Mayank N -- Joglekar, Hrishikesh -- Adhikari, R -- Mahadevan, Iravatham -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1165. doi: 10.1126/science.1170391. Epub 2009 Apr 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. rao@cs.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19389998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Geomorphic footprints of past large Himalayan earthquakes are elusive, although they are urgently needed for gauging and predicting recovery times of seismically perturbed mountain landscapes. We present evidence of catastrophic valley infill following at least three medieval earthquakes in the Nepal Himalaya. Radiocarbon dates from peat beds, plant macrofossils, and humic silts in fine-grained tributary sediments near Pokhara, Nepal's second-largest city, match the timing of nearby M 〉 8 earthquakes in ~1100, 1255, and 1344 C.E. The upstream dip of tributary valley fills and x-ray fluorescence spectrometry of their provenance rule out local sources. Instead, geomorphic and sedimentary evidence is consistent with catastrophic fluvial aggradation and debris flows that had plugged several tributaries with tens of meters of calcareous sediment from a Higher Himalayan source 〉60 kilometers away.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwanghart, Wolfgang -- Bernhardt, Anne -- Stolle, Amelie -- Hoelzmann, Philipp -- Adhikari, Basanta R -- Andermann, Christoff -- Tofelde, Stefanie -- Merchel, Silke -- Rugel, Georg -- Fort, Monique -- Korup, Oliver -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):147-50. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9865. Epub 2015 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. w.schwanghart@geo.uni-potsdam.de. ; Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. ; Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany. ; Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. ; Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, German Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Germany. ; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Dresden, Germany. ; CNRS UMR 8586 Prodig, Departement de Geographie, Universite Paris-Diderot-SPC, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26676354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Non-equilibrium processes which convert chemical energy into mechanical motion enable the motility of organisms. Bundles of inextensible filaments driven by energy transduction of molecular motors form essential components of micron-scale motility engines like cilia and flagella. The mimicry of cilia-like motion in recent experiments on synthetic active filaments supports the idea that generic physical mechanisms may be sufficient to generate such motion. Here we show, theoretically, that the competition between the destabilising effect of hydrodynamic interactions induced by force-free and torque-free chemomechanically active flows, and the stabilising effect of nonlinear elasticity, provides a generic route to spontaneous oscillations in active filaments. These oscillations, reminiscent of prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagellar motion, are obtained without having to invoke structural complexity or biochemical regulation. This minimality implies that biomimetic oscillations, previously observed only in complex bundles of active filaments, can be replicated in simple chains of generic chemomechanically active beads. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep01964

Description: Author(s): Ashutosh Kumar, R. Adhikari, and Arti Dua [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 099802] Published Thu Aug 31, 2017

Description: Author(s): Rajesh Singh and R. Adhikari The lack of detailed balance in active colloidal suspensions allows dissipation to determine stationary states. Here we show that slow viscous flow produced by polar or apolar active colloids near plane walls mediates attractive hydrodynamic forces that drive crystallization. Hydrodynamically mediat… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 228002] Published Wed Nov 23, 2016

Description: There is a general consensus among Earth scientists that melting of land ice greatly contributes to sea-level rise (SLR) and that future warming will exacerbate the risks posed to human civilization. As land ice is lost to the oceans, both the Earth’s gravitational and rotational potentials are perturbed, resulting in strong spatial patterns in SLR, termed sea-level fingerprints. We lack robust forecasting models for future ice changes, which diminishes our ability to use these fingerprints to accurately predict local sea-level (LSL) changes. We exploit an advanced mathematical property of adjoint systems and determine the exact gradient of sea-level fingerprints with respect to local variations in the ice thickness of all of the world’s ice drainage systems. By exhaustively mapping these fingerprint gradients, we form a new diagnosis tool, henceforth referred to as gradient fingerprint mapping (GFM), that readily allows for improved assessments of future coastal inundation or emergence. We demonstrate that for Antarctica and Greenland, changes in the predictions of inundation at major port cities depend on the location of the drainage system. For example, in London, GFM shows LSL that is significantly affected by changes on the western part of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), whereas in New York, LSL change predictions are greatly sensitive to changes in the northeastern portions of the GrIS. We apply GFM to 293 major port cities to allow coastal planners to readily calculate LSL change as more reliable predictions of cryospheric mass changes become available.