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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell degeneration and elimination in the imaginal wing disc, caused by the mutationsvestigial andUltravestigial ofDrosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Cell degeneration ; Imaginal disc ; Basal lamina ; Blood cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mutationsvestigial (vg; recessive) andUltravestigial (vg U; dominant) ofDrosophila melanogaster give rise to identical mutant adult phenotypes in which much of the cases this results from cell death in the presumptive wing margin of the wing disc in the third larval instar, but the process of cell degeneration is quite different in the two mutants. Invg cell death occurs continuously throughout the third larval instar, while invg U it occurs only in the early third instar. Cells fragment and some of the fragments condense, becoming electron dense (“apoptosis”). Both condensed and ultrastructurally normal cell fragments are extruded to the basal side of thevg disc epithelium. They accumulate under the basal lamina in the wing pouch area until they are phagocytosed by blood cells entering the wing pouch during the six hours following pupariation. Fragments are not extruded from thevg U epithelium but are apparently phagocytosed by neighboring epithelial cells. The basal lamina undergoes mophological changes following pupariation and is phagocytosed by blood cells in both wild-type andvestigial, but investigial the degenerated cell fragments are also engulfed by the same blood cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848662
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The transposable element mariner can excise in non-drosophilid insects (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 249 (1995), S. 246-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Bactrocera tryoni ; Excision assay ; Lucilia cuprina ; Transposable element
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plasmid-based excision assays performed in embryos of two non-drosophilid species using the mariner transposable element from Drosophila mauritiana resulted in empty excision sites identical to those observed after the excision of mariner from D. mauritiana chromosomes. In the presence of the autonomous mariner element Mos1, excision products were recovered from D. melanogaster, D. mauritiana and the blowfly Lucilia cuprina. When a hsp82 heat shock promoter-Mos1 construct was used to supply mariner transposase, excision products were also recovered from the Queensland fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni. Analysis of DNA sequences at empty excision sites led us to hypothesise that the mariner excision/repair process involves the formation of a heteroduplex at the excision breakpoint. The success of these assays suggests that they will provide a valuable tool for assessing the ability of mariner and mariner-like elements to function in non-drosophilid insects and for investigating the basic mechanisms of mariner excision and repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290372
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration specificity of the hobo element of Drosophila melanogaster is dependent on sequences flanking the integration site (1999)
    Springer
    Genetica 105 (1999), S. 133-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: Drosophila ; hobo ; hot spot ; integration specificity ; transposable elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We analyzed the integration specificity of the hobo transposable element of Drosophila melanogaster. Our results indicate that hobo is similar to other transposable elements in that it can integrate into a large number of sites, but that some sites are preferred over others, with a few sites acting as integration hot spots. A comparison of DNA sequences from 112 hobo integration sites identified a consensus sequence of NTNNNNAC, but this consensus was insufficient to account for the observed integration specificity. To begin to define the parameters affecting hobo integration preferences, we analyzed sequences flanking a donor hobo element, as well as sequences flanking a hobo integration hot spot for their relative influence on hobo integration specificity. We demonstrate experimentally that sequences flanking a hobo donor element do not influence subsequent integration site preference, whereas, sequences contained within 31 base pairs flanking an integration hot spot have a significant effect on the frequency of integration into that site. However, sequence analysis of the DNA flanking several hot spots failed to identify any common sequence motif shared by these sites. This lack of primary sequence information suggests that higher order DNA structural characteristics of the DNA and/or chromatin may influence integration site selection by the hobo element.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003712619487
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative regulation of P element excision by the somatic product and terminal sequences of P in Drosophila melanogaster (1993)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 237 (1993), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: P element ; Transposable elements ; Transposon regulation ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A transient in vivo P element excision assay was used to test the regulatory properties of putative repressor-encoding plasmids in Drosophila melanogaster embryos. The somatic expression of an unmodified transposase transcription unit under the control of a heat shock gene promoter (phsn) effectively repressed P excision in a dose-dependent manner at very low concentrations relative to somatically active transposase (encoded by the hsπΔ2–3 gene). Maximum repression required transcription of the complete transposase gene. Dose-dependent repression of P excision was also observed in the presence of a vector plasmid (pCarnegie4) having only the terminal sequences, including transposase binding sites, of the P element. However, repression required considerably higher concentrations of pCarnegie 4 than phsπ, and elimination of P excision was not observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282795
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interplasmid transposition of Drasopbila hobo elements in non-drosophilid insects (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 244 (1994), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Transposable element ; hobo ; Gene vectors ; Transposon tagging ; Transgenic insects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A modified hobo element from Drosophila melanogaster was introduced into embryos of the housefly, Musca domestica (family Muscidae) and the Queensland fruitfly, Bactrocera tryoni (family Tephritidae) to assess its ability to transpose. Hobo was capable of transposition in these species and transposition products had all of the hallmarks of hobo transposition products recovered from D. melanogaster, including the movement only of sequences precisely delimited by the inverted terminal repeats of hobo, the creation of an 8 by duplication of the insertion site and an absolute requirement for hobo-encoded transposase. Transposition of hobo into the target gene resulted in a non-random distribution of insertion sites, with 10 of 38 independent insertions into the same nucleotide position. The results indicate that hobo can transpose in heterologous species, further demonstrating the similarty of hobo to Ac (Activator) of Zea mays and Tam3 of Antirrhinum majus. Hobo has excellent potential to act as a gene vector or gene tagging agent in nondrosophilid insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280181
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P element excision in Drosophila melanogaster and related drosophilids (1991)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 225 (1991), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Transposable elements ; P elements ; Excision ; Drosophila melanogaster ; drosophilids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The frequency of P element excision and the structure of the resulting excision products were determined in three drosophilid species, Drosophila melanogaster, D. virilis, and Chymomyza procnemis. A transient P element mobility assay was conducted in the cells of developing insect embryos, but unlike previous assays, this mobility assay permitted the recovery of excision products from plasmids regardless of whether the excision event was precise or imprecise. Both quantitative and qualitative differences between the products of excision in the various species studied were observed. The frequency with which P element excision products were recovered from D. melanogaster was 10-fold greater than from D. virilis and C. procnemis; however, the proportion of all excision events resulting in the reversion of a P-induced mutant phenotype was the same. Virtually all excision products recovered, including those resulting in a reversion of the mutant phenotype, did not result in the exact restoration of the original target sequence. Sequence analysis suggested that duplex cleavage at the 3′ and 5′ termini of the P element, or their subsequent modification, occurred asymmetrically and interdependently. P element-encoded transposase was not absolutely required for P element excision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261678
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Hermes element from Musca domestica can transpose in four families of cyclorrhaphan flies (1997)
    Springer
    Genetica 99 (1997), S. 15-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Musca ; recombination ; transgenics ; transposable elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transgenic insect technology will provide opportunities to explore the basic biology of a broad range of insect species in ways that will prove insightful and important. It is also a technology that will provide opportunities to manipulate the genotypes of insects of practical significance to the health and welfare of humans. The Hermes transposable element from the housefly, Musca domestica, is a short inverted repeat-type element related to hobo from Drosophila melanogaster, Ac from Zea mays, and Tam3 from Antirrhinum majus. It has potential to become a versatile and efficient broad host-range insect transformation vector. The ability of Hermes to transpose when introduced into five species of diptera from four divergent families was tested using an in vivo, interplasmid transpositional recombination assay. Hermes was capable of transposing in all species tested, demonstrating that Hermes has a broad host-range. In addition, the rates of transposition were sufficiently high in all species tested to suggest that Hermes will be an efficient gene transfer vector in a wide range of insect species. The Hermes element also revealed a pattern of integration into the target substrate that permitted factors determining integration site selection to be identified. Primary nucleotide sequence of the integration site played a role as did proximity to preferred integration sites and the nucleosomal organization of the target.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018349803656
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thehermit transposable element of the Australian sheep blowfly,Lucilia cuprina, belongs to thehAT family of transposable elements (1996)
    Springer
    Genetica 97 (1996), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: hermit ; hobo ; Lucilia cuprina ; transposable element
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report the cloning ofhermit, a member of thehAT family of transposable elements from the genome of the Australian sheep blowfly,Lucilia cuprina. Hermit is 2716 bp long and is 49% homologous to the autonomoushobo element,HFL1, at the nucleic acid level.Hermit has 15 bp terminal inverted repeats that share 10 bp with the terminal inverted repeats ofHFL1. Conceptual translation reveals a 583 residue open reading frame (ORF) that is 64% similar and 42% identical to theHFL1 ORF. However, the sequence of thehermit element contains two frameshifts within the putative ORF, indication thathermit is an inactive element. Analysis ofL. cuprina strains from within and outside Australia suggested thathermit is present as a single copy in all the genomes analysed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00132577
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TheHermes element fromMusca domestica can transpose in four families of cyclorrhaphan flies (1997)
    Springer
    Genetica 99 (1997), S. 15-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Musca ; recombination ; transgenics ; transposable elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transgenic insect technology will provide opportunities to explore the basic biology of a broad range of insect species in ways that will prove insightful and important. It is also a technology that will provide opportunities to manipulate the genotypes of insects of practical significance to the health and welfare of humans. TheHermes transposable element from the housefly,Musca domestica, is a short inverted repeat-type element related tohobo fromDrosophila melanogaster, Ac fromZea mays, andTam3 fromAntirrhinum majus. It has potential to become a versatile and efficient broad host-range insect transformation vector. The ability ofHermes to transpose when introduced into five species of diptera from four divergent families was tested using anin vivo, interplasmid transpositional recombination assay.Hermes was capable of transposing in all species tested, demonstrating thatHermes has a broad host-range. In addition, the rates of transposition were sufficiently high in all species tested to suggest thatHermes will be an efficient gene transfer vector in a wide range of insect species. TheHermes element also revealed a pattern of integration into the target substrate that permitted factors determining integration site selection to be identified. Primary nucleotide sequence of the integration site played a role as did proximity to preferred integration sites and the nucleosomal organization of the target.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259495
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A functional analysis of the P-element gene-transfer vector in insects (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 22 (1993), S. 373-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: gene transformation ; non-drosophilid ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Anastrepha suspensa ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A P-element mobility excision assay was used to determine if non-drosophilid insects could support P gene vector function. Present studies included the testing of Muscids, Sphaerocerids, and Phorids, none of which were able to support P mobility. A new excision indicator plasmid was developed allowing the detection and recovery of virtually all P-element excision products. The frequency and sequence analysis of excision products from Drosophila melanogaster and another drosophilid, Chymomyza procnemis, indicated both quantitative and qualitative differences in the activity of transposase. The quantitative relationships observed in the original assay were maintained, and qualitative differences in transposase activity were reflected in the sequence of the empty donor sites. The results suggest that host factors are involved in cutting and ligating P-element DNA during excision, with transposase facilitating these processes. Possible limitations on P mobility by abnormal transpoase transcript processing were tested in Anastrepha suspensa using transposase-encoding plasmids having deleted intron sequences. A transposase cDNA supported normal P excision in D. Melanogaster, and a low level of mobility in A. suspensa. Possible applications of gene transfer in insects are presented, in particular methods to genetically sterilize and sex insects for the sterile-insect technique. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940220306
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