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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term suppression of Pythium ultimum in arid soil using fresh and composted municipal wastes (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 30 (2000), S. 478-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Arid soil ; Municipal organic waste ; Organic matter ; Biocontrol ; Pythium ultimum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of addition of municipal solid waste (MSW) at different degrees of stabilisation on the biological properties of an arid soil was studied 24 months after application. This included effects on the indigenous soil microflora and soil enzyme activities in the presence and absence of Pythium ultimum. The addition of organic waste (fresh or composted) reduced populations of culturable bacteria and fungi and disease symptoms caused by P. ultimum, and resulted in heavier plants with longer and more extensively branched roots. Addition of organic waste increased the population size of culturable bacteria and fungi, while enzymatic activity of the soil was higher in soil amended with organic matter than in non-amended soil. Populations of biological control agents, such as Trichoderma and fluorescent pseudomonads, were larger in soil amended with organic matter. The addition of urban waste could therefore be a suitable technique with which to restore soil quality by stimulating biological control against plant pathogens such as P. ultimum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050026
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of field-grown sugar beet inoculated with the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Enzymatic activities ; Biocontrol inoculant ; Pseudomonas ; Risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pseudomonas fluorescens F113, which produces the antimicrobial compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, is a prospective biocontrol agent. Soil enzyme activities were used to investigate the ecological impact of strain F113 in the rhizosphere of field-grown sugar beet. There were distinct trends in rhizosphere enzyme activities in relation to soil chemistry [determined by electro-ultrafiltration (EUF)]. The activities of enzymes from the P cycle (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase) and of arylsulphatase were negatively correlated with the amount of readily available P, whereas urease activity was positively correlated with the latter. Significant correlations between nutrient levels determined by EUF and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere were obtained, highlighting the usefulness of enzyme assays to document variations in soil nutrient cycling. Contrary to previous microcosm studies, which did not investigate plants grown to maturity, the biocontrol inoculant had no effect on enzyme activities or on soil chemistry in the rhizosphere. The results showed the importance of using homogenous soil microcosm systems, also employed in previous work, for risk assessment studies, whereby the effects of inherent soil variability were minimised, and effects of the pseudomonad on soil enzymology could be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050397
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Associative cellulolysis and dinitrogen fixation by co-cultures of Trichoderma harzianum and Clostridium butyricum (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 310 (1984), S. 695-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Complex materials such as plant residues require a variety of enzymes for their complete degradation which in natural environments is usually provided by mixed microbial communities. Communities with both cellulase and nitrogenase functions are often associated with the degradation of cellulosic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/310695a0
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene and soil fungistasis (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 259-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SMITH1 has reported that ethylene is a causative agent of soil fungistasis, that its production in soil varies with organic matter and that in contrast with other work2'3 it can occur in aerobic soil conditions. His second claim is repetition of earlier work3; more recent observations4 suggest that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/251259a0
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroids and Squalene in Methylococcus capsulatus grown on Methane (1971)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 230 (1971), S. 473-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Methylococcus capsulatus was grown in a chemostat on a mineral salt medium with a methane-air (1 : 1) supply. The harvested cells were extracted with chloroform-methanol and the extract was fractionated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel. Subsequent gas-liquid chromatography of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/230473a0
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polysaccharide synthesis by capsular microorganisms in coculture with cellulolytic fungi on straw and stabilization of soil aggregates (1985)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 1 (1985), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microorganisms ; Polysaccharide ; SoilStabilization ; Straw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies using cocultures of a cellulolytic fungus with a capsular organism show that microbial polysaccharides can be synthesized during the degradation of wheat straw. Polysaccharide accounted for up to 1.6% (w/w) of the initial straw weight but the sugar composition and viscosity indicated that a large fraction was low molecular weight material of plant origin. Nevertheless several cocultures produced sufficient microbial polysaccharide effectively to stabilize aggregates of Hamble silt loam. This correlated significantly with increased viscosity and also stabilization of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash. Four cocultures, Sordaria alcina with two strains of Enterobacter cloacae and a Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma harzianum with E. cloacae, were significantly more effective than a natural inoculum from straw. Inoculation of straw to produce a “compost” which can increase the stability of poorly structured soils is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301784
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition of sawdust and bark treated with cellulose-decomposing microorganisms (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Compost ; Sawdust ; Bark ; Cellulolysis ; Ammonification ; Nitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The decomposition of coniferous sawdust and bark with added N and P was studied in relation to its capacity to serve as a substrate for plant growth. With sawdust as a substrate, there was more microbial biomass, greater CO2 evolution, more ammonification and more actinomycetes but less nitrification and less fungi compared with bark. All groups and activities were greater in sawdust and bark compared with soil used as the substrate. Inoculation with cellulolytic strains of Bacillus sp. Cephalosporium sp. and Streptomyces sp. sometimes increased these activities but only marginally. The derived sawdust and bark composts increased the yields of tomato compared with soil to which the same nutrients had been added.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336373
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospects for control of Pythium damping-off of lettuce with Trichoderma, Gliocladium and Enterobacter spp. (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 12 (1991), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Lettuce ; Damping-off ; Biocontrol ; Trichoderma ; Enterobacter ; Gliocladium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Damping-off of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) caused by Pythium ultimum was studied in pots containing a non-sterile potting mix in the glasshouse. Fifty P. ultimum sporangia g-1 compost reduced the plant stand to 15% and shoot dry weight to 18%, but this reduction was totally prevented by applying Trichoderma harzianum at 2×105 viable propagules g-1 potting mix. Gliocladium virens and Enterobacter cloacae also alleviated the damping-off. E. cloacae did not adversely affect the action of the fungal antagonists. The co-existence of the bacterial and fungal antagonists was revealed on the root surface and inner surface of the testa by scanning electron microscopy, indicating the compatibility of the biocontrol agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341482
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic composting of plant wastes and their effect on the yield of ryegrass and tomatoes (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 20-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Compost quality ; Inoculation ; Waste ; Yield ; Nitrate concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Vine branches, rice husks and flax residues were composted. The dynamics of biomass carbon, C/N ratios and nitrification were studied. The highest quality level and the most stabilized composts with the highest values of total N (1.3–1.6%) and the smallest C/N ratios (8.0–9.0) were found with the vine branch composts. Compost application significantly increased the yield of tomatoes (24.0–61.1%) and the quality of fruits compared to soil treated with mineral fertilizers and manure. Inoculation of the vine branch compost with a Cephalosporium sp. had a positive effect on the yield and the quality of both ryegrass and tomatoes. The stabilization of the microbial biomass C level in the composts coincided with the beginning of intensive nitrification. Inoculation lowered the conductivity values and nitrate contents in all composts. It appeared that when nitrate N concentrations in the composts were more than 5% of the total N, NO3 accumulation in the fruits could result. However, the results can be applied to similar substrates and conditions of composting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335813
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Trichoderma on plant growth: A balance between inhibition and growth promotion (1993)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 26 (1993), S. 277-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) germination and growth in nonsterilized potting compost of 0.1% and 1.0% w/w incorporation of fermenter biomass inocula of six strains of Trichoderma was investigated. Except for strains WT and T35 at 0.1 % w/w, all inocula inhibited germination. Biomass of strains WT, T35, 20, and 47 at 1.0% promoted shoot fresh weight, whereas strains TH1 and 8MF2 were inhibitory. In contrast, when biomass of strains WT, TH1, and 8MF2 was autoclaved and incorporated at 1%, shoot fresh weight was promoted, but the biomass of T35 was inhibitory. None of the strains incorporated at 0.1 % w/w increased shoot fresh weight, and autoclaved biomass of TH1, T35, and 20 incorporated at 0.1% w/w resulted in lower shoot fresh weights in comparison with uninoculated controls. The shoot dry weight of lettuce seedlings could be enhanced by germinating seeds in uninoculated compost and after five days' growth transferring them into WT-inoculated compost. Inoculum of strain TH1 when applied using this method was very inhibitory. With WT the degree of increase in shoot fresh weight and germination rate declined as the fermentation time to produce inocula was increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176959
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