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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the scattering phenomena for various kinds of polarized light in a nonpolar fluid composed of chiral molecules (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 5341-5347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The explicit result of the coefficients of the Mueller matrices, which express the Stokes parameters of single and double scattered lights in term of the parameters of the corresponding incident light, are obtained for a nonpolar fluid composed of chiral molecules with the aid of the Ornstein–Zernike form for the correlation function of density fluctuations. The explicit results show that any higher order multiple scattering satisfies the principle of symmetry and law of reciprocity. From the matrices some scattering phenomena for six kinds of completely polarized light in a nonpolar achiral fluid are discussed in the cases of far from and near the critical point. While the degrees of circularity (DCs) give identical information with the circular intensity differences (CIDs) in the region far from the critical point, the critical DCs for circularly polarized lights is quite different from the critical CIDs. The theoretical result of DCs for the circularly polarized lights indicates that the DCs can be other effective experimental tools to measure the critical scattering of a fluid. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472402
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the scattering phenomena for various kinds of polarized light in a nonpolar binary liquid mixture (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 4409-4414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The explicit result for the Mueller matrix for the sum of single and double scatterings is obtained in a nonpolar binary liquid mixture composed of a chiral solute and an achiral solvent are obtained with the aid of the Ornstein–Zernike form for the correlation function of concentration fluctuations. The explicit result of the matrix shows that the law of reciprocity does not hold in the mixture. The scattering phenomena for six kinds of completely polarized light in a nonpolar binary liquid mixture are different from those in a pure chiral fluid because of the failure of the law and the large effect of concentration fluctuations. The scattering phenomena are in detail discussed in the region far from and near the critical point. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473487
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of transverse-longitudinal kinetic energy coupling at heterostructure boundaries on quantum transport under the Wigner function formulation (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 7252-7255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: At heterostructure boundaries under the effective mass approximation, the transverse momentum conservation results in coupling between the longitudinal and transverse kinetic energies. We discuss the effect of this on quantum transport in the resonant tunneling diode (RTD) under the Wigner function formulation, which causes a considerable change in the peak-to-valley ratio that is a major characteristic of the RTD. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370540
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simplified model for the Briggs–Rauscher reaction mechanism (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 117 (2002), S. 2710-2717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A model for the Briggs–Rauscher reaction mechanism with four intermediates and seven steps is proposed by simplifying the model of De Kepper and Epstein [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 49 (1982)]. Assigning suitable rate constants for the steps of the simplified model, we obtain numerical results for the nonlinear dynamic behaviors such as oscillations, limit cycle, multistability, and inverse regulation of the iodine concentration. The results are compared with experiments and other previous models. The comparison shows that the present simplified model expresses the nonlinear dynamic behaviors better than the previous models. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1491243
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential energy surfaces for the photochemical reactions Ca*+H2→CaH+H (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 589-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Six 1A′ potential energy surfaces of the Ca+H2 system have been calculated using an effective-core potential and a core-polarization potential for Ca. Large configuration interactions were performed to ensure accurate energies and wave functions. The 2 1A′ surface, made from Ca(4s3d, 1D), has a very stable intermediate, and crosses with the ground state (1 1A′) potential energy surface in C2v geometry. A diabatic coupling between these two can result in the CaH product. Three potential surfaces originating from Ca(4s3d, 1D) and two potential surfaces originating from Ca(4s4p, 1P) are well separated at low energy region, suggesting that the reaction product CaH from the Ca(4s4p, 1P) state via nonadiabatic transition to the Ca(4s3d, 1D) surface is very unlikely. Other possible routes of producing CaH from the Ca(4s4p, 1P) state also appear quite improbable in the single collision process. The wave function analysis does not show any sign of electron transfer from the metal atom to the hydrogen molecule in the reactant stage, which implies that the harpooning model does not apply to this reaction.© 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1425407
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and Characterization of β-amylase from Bacillus polymyxa No. 26-1 (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 61 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An extracellular β-amylase, which was easily adsorbable onto raw corn starch, was purified 22.5-fold from a new isolate of Bacillus polymyxa No 26–1 with a Mr of 53 kDa and pI of 9.1. The optimum temperature was 45°C and pH 5.5 for raw corn starch. Thermal stability at 40°C and pH stability at 5.0–8.5 were shown. The degradation ofraw starch by β-amylase was greatly stimulated by pullulanase addition. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that starch granule degradation by the enzyme alone occured at the equatorial grooves of lecticular granules. Corn starch granules hydrolyzed by β-amylase had large holes on granule surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb14767.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Essentiality of Dietary n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Juvenile Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This study was conducted to confirm the essentiality of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) and to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, liver, and blood chemistry in juvenile Japanese flounder. Three replicate groups of fish (average weighing 3.0 g) were fed experimental diets containing lauric acid ethyl ester, soybean oil, soybean and linseed oils mixture, and squid liver oil as lipid sources for 13 wk. No significant difference was observed in survival among all groups (P 〉0.05). Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the squid liver oil diet containing high n-3 HUFA level were significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets (P 0.05). Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids of liver polar and neutral lipid fractions in fish fed the diet containing lauric acid tended to increase compared to those of the other groups. Fish fed the diets containing soybean and/or linseed oils, which contained high contents of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, respectively, showed the highest contents of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 in both lipid fractions of the liver (P 0.05). Significantly higher content of n-3 HUFA was observed in both lipid fractions of the liver from fish fed the diet containing squid liver oil than for fish fed the other diets (P 0.05). Total cholesterol, glucose, and glutamic-oxaloacetic acid transaminase in plasma were significantly affected by dietary lipids (P 0.05). Histologically, the liver of fish fed the diet containing squid liver oil had a clear distinction between nuclear and cytoplasm membranes; however, cytoplasm of fish fed the diets containing lauric acid and soybean oil was shrunken, and the hepatic cell outline was indistinguishable. It is concluded that the dietary n-3 HUFA is essential for normal growth, and that the dietary lipid sources affect growth performance, liver cell property, and blood chemistry in juvenile Japanese flounder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00022.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioactive Calcium Phosphate Coating on Sodium Hydroxide-Pretreated Titanium Substrate by Electrodeposition (2004)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This study examined the characteristics of calcium phosphate coatings deposited on a NaOH-pretreated titanium substrate by electrodeposition in a modified simulated body fluid (SBF) immediately after electrodeposition as well as after the coatings had been immersed in the SBF for 5 d in order to determine the effects of a NaOH pretreatment on the bioactive coating prior to electrodeposition. The results showed that a dense and uniform coating that consisted of brushite and hydroxyapatite had formed on the NaOH-pretreated titanium substrate by electrodeposition. This coating had transformed to a bonelike apatite during immersion in the SBF. This was attributed to the increased surface area of the modified titanium formed after the NaOH treatment as well as the Na+ ions released from that surface. Therefore, a NaOH pretreatment is recommended as an effective method for preparing a bioactive calcium phosphate coating by electrodeposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.01792.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural and Thermoelectric Characteristics of Zinc Oxide-Based Thermoelectric Materials Fabricated Using a Spark Plasma Sintering Process (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: M-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) (M=Al and/or Ni) thermoelectric materials were fully densified at a temperature lower than 1000°C using a spark plasma sintering technique and their microstructural evolution and thermoelectric characteristics were investigated. The addition of Al2O3 reduced the surface evaporation of pure ZnO and suppressed grain growth by the formation of a secondary phase. The addition of NiO promoted the formation of a solid solution with the ZnO crystal structure and caused severe grain growth. The co-addition of Al2O3 and NiO produced a homogeneous microstructure with a good grain boundary distribution. The microstructural characteristics induced by the co-addition of Al2O3 and NiO have a major role in increasing the electrical conductivity and decreasing the thermal conductivity, resulting from an increase in carrier concentration and the phonon scattering effect, respectively, and therefore improving the thermoelectric properties. The ZnO specimen, which was sintered at 1000°C with the co-addition of Al2O3 and NiO, exhibited a ZT value of 0.6 × 10−3 K−1, electrical conductivity of 1.7 × 10−4Ω−1·m−1, the thermal conductivity of 5.16 W·(m·K)−1, and Seebeck coefficient of −425.4 μV/K at 900°C. The ZT value obtained respects the 30% increase compared with the previously reported value, 0.4 × 10−3 K−1, in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00131.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of a protoplanetary disk from its natal envelope (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 448 (2007), S. 1026-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Class 0 protostars, the youngest type of young stellar objects, show many signs of rapid development from their initial, spheroidal configurations, and therefore are studied intensively for details of the formation of protoplanetary disks within protostellar envelopes. At millimetre ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06087
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