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  • 1
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    Ulysses magnetic field observations of fluctuations within polar coronal flows (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Ulysses spacecraft has gathered data from within flows from the Sun's southern polar coronal hole, the first in situ measurement of this region. We present a brief analysis of the heliospheric magnetic field data from this region, using a fractal method. As is the case near the ecliptic, estimated spectral exponents are near 5/3 on spacecraft scales of seconds to minutes. On longer time scales, however, there appears to be a significantly different population in polar flows, which is similar to that found by the Helios spacecraft in fast solar wind flows at 0.3 AU.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Annales Geophysicae (ISSN 0992-7689); 13; 1; p. 105-107
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  • 2
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    Null fields in the outer Jovian magnetosphere: Ulysses observations (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This paper reports on a magnetic field phenomenon, hereafter referred to as null fields, which were discovered during the inbound pass of the recent flyby of Jupiter by the Ulysses spacecraft. These null fields which were observed in the outer dayside magnetosphere are characterised by brief but sharp decreases of the field magnitude to values less than 1 nT. The nulls are distinguished from the current sheet signatures characteristic of the middle magnetosphere by the fact that the field does not reverse across the event. A field configuration is suggested that accounts for the observed features of the events.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 6; p. 405-408
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  • 3
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    The latitudinal distribution of magnetic holes in the solar wind (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A large number of magnetic holes have been found in the Ulysses data during its cruise in the ecliptic. They are interpreted as convecting structures, probably caused by the mirror instability which exists in high beta plasmas with anisotropic temperatures. The characteristics of the holes reflect the solar wind condition of the region in which the holes are formed, and the point of observation may be far removed from where the instability occurs. A preliminary survey appears to indicate that the number of holes has no significant radial dependence. However, the number of holes does appear to increase with increasing heliographic latitude. Yet the large scale solar wind structures with their compression regions disappeared at approximately 57 deg south latitude. Thus any causal relationship between the holes and large scale solar wind structures is questionable. The temperature anisotropy and high beta required by the mirror instability must be generated by other mechanisms. In order to tie the magnetic holes and the mirror instability to their cause, the evolution of their characteristics with heliocentric distance and latitude needs to be investigated. With the progression of Ulysses around the sun a survey will be conducted to ascertain the characteristics of the magnetic holes as a function of heliographic latitude and heliocentric distance. A comparison of the results with the solar wind conditions may lead to the identification of the magnetic hole generating mechanism(s).
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: International Solar Wind 8 Conference; 76; NASA-CR-199940
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  • 4
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    Disappearance of the heliospheric sector structure at Ulysses (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: In May, 1993, the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) ceased to be seen by the Ulysses spacecraft at a heliocentric latitude of approximately 30 deg S and distance of 4.7 AU. The disappearance of the HCS coincided with the solar wind speed remaining greater than 560 km/s and with the disappearance of one of four interaction regions previously seen on each solar rotation. The heliographic latitude of the disappearance of the HCS at Ulysses was 11 deg equatorward of the latitude of the magnetic neutral sheet computed at the source surface at 2.5 solar radii, and it occurred a half year earlier than predicted on the basis of the persistance of the time profile of the neutral sheet tilt from one solar cycle to the next.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 21; p. 2327-2330
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  • 5
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    The evolution of the interplanetary sector structure in 1992 (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The unique vantage point of the Ulysses spacecraft throughout 1992 and the beginning of 1993, at a close to constant heliocentric distance of about 5 AU and a slowly varying heliographic latitude from 5 deg to 30 deg south is used to describe and discuss the evolution of the sector structure of the interplanetary magnetic field during the declining phase of the solar cycle. From the end of 1990 to the beginning of 1992 the sector structure changed from a four sector to a two sector structure, but remained constant in solar longitude. From about June-July 1992, the structure, matching the evolution in the computed coronal magnetic fields, drifted eastwards, with a recurrence period of about 28 days. This result may indicate a slower rotation rate for the dipolar component of the solar magnetic field which becomes dominant about this time in the solar cycle.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 21; p. 2331-2334
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  • 6
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    The relationship between interplanetary discontinuities and Alfven waves: Ulysses observations (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The rate of occurrence of interplanetary discontinuities (ROID) is examined using Ulysses magnetic field and plasma data from 1 to 5 AU radial distance from the Sun and at high heliographic latitudes. We find two regions where the ROID is high: in stream-stream interaction regions and in Alfven wave trains. This latter feature is particularly obvious at high latitudes when Ulysses enters a high speed stream associated with a polar coronal hole. These streams are characterized by the presence of continuous, large-amplitude (Delta (vector 13)/absolute value of B is about 1-2 Alfven waves and an extraordinarily high ROID value (approximately 150 discontinuities/day). In a number of intervals examined, it is found that (rotational) discontinuities are an integral part of the Alfven waves. The nonlinear Alfven waves are spherically polarized, i.e., the tip of the perturbation vector resides on the surface of a sphere (a consequence of constant absolute value of B). The slowly rotating part of the wave rotates approximately 270 deg in phase. There is a slight arc in the B(sub 1) - B(sub 2) hodogram, suggesting an almost linear polarization. The phase rotation associated with the discontinuity is about 90 deg, lies in the same plane as the slowly rotaing part of the Alfven wave, and therefore completes the 360 deg phase rotation. The best description of the overall Alfven wave plus discontinuity is a spherical, arc-polarized, phase-steepened wave.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 21; p. 2267-2270
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  • 7
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    Spectral polarization analysis of the interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A new computational method and algorithm, based on complex Fourier analysis, is used to derive the spectral density of plane and circularly polarized fluctuation components of the interplanetary magnetic field. Applications of the method have been made using HEOS 2 (1 AU), Pioneer 10 (5 AU), Pioneer 11 (20 AU), and International Cometary Explorer (ICE) (Giocabini-Zinner's comet) data sets. The results show the existence of circularly polarized magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in all cases.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938); 149; 2; p. 381-389
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  • 8
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    The dynamics of herpesvirus and polyomavirus reactivation and shedding in healthy adults: a 14-month longitudinal study (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Humans are infected with viruses that establish long-term persistent infections. To address whether immunocompetent individuals control virus reactivation globally or independently and to identify patterns of sporadic reactivation, we monitored herpesviruses and polyomaviruses in 30 adults, over 14 months. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was quantitated in saliva and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cytomegalovirus (CMV) was assayed in urine, and JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV) DNAs were assayed in urine and PBMCs. All individuals shed EBV in saliva, whereas 67% had 〉or=1 blood sample positive for EBV. Levels of EBV varied widely. CMV shedding occurred infrequently but occurred more commonly in younger individuals (P〈.03). JCV and BKV virurias were 46.7% and 0%, respectively. JCV shedding was age dependent and occurred commonly in individuals 〉or=40 years old (P〈.03). Seasonal variation was observed in shedding of EBV and JCV, but there was no correlation among shedding of EBV, CMV, and JCV (P〉.50). Thus, adults independently control persistent viruses, which display discordant, sporadic reactivations.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: The Journal of infectious diseases (ISSN 0022-1899); Volume 187; 10; 1571-80
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  • 9
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    Suppression of human anti-inflammatory plasma cytokines IL-10 and IL-1RA with elevation of proinflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma during the isolation of the Antarctic winter (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Cellular immune function has been shown to be decreased and latent virus shedding to be increased in human beings isolated during the Antarctic winter, a model used for assessing some effects of space flight. However, the balance of proinflammatory (IFN-gamma) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IL-1RA) cytokines has not previously been evaluated. We therefore sought to determine whether isolation during the Antarctic winter would alter the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance. Cytokine levels were measured with ELISA in monthly plasma samples from January through September 1999 in 21 study subjects in the Antarctic and 7 control subjects on Macquarie Island. There was a significant time-dependent increase in plasma IFN-gamma (P =.039) as well as decreases in IL-10 (P =.042) and IL-1RA (P =.053) in the study subjects compared with the control subjects. The study subjects also had significantly increased plasma IFN-gamma levels (P 〈 or =.045) but decreased IL-10 and IL-1RA levels (P 〈 or =.036) at individual time points of isolation. Isolation of human beings in the Antarctic appears to shift the plasma cytokine balance toward a proinflammatory profile. These observations are consistent with T-cell activation that might be due to activation of latent viruses, and they could hold importance for determining the risks of space flight.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology (ISSN 0091-6749); Volume 109; 5; 854-7
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  • 10
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    Area-averaged surface fluxes and their time-space variability over the FIFE experimental domain (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The underlying mean and variance properties of surface net radiation, sensible-latent heat fluxes and soil heat flux are studied over the densely instrumented grassland region encompassing FIFE. Flux variability is discussed together with the problem of scaling up to area-averaged fluxes. Results are compared and contrasted for cloudy and clear situations and examined for the influence of surface-induced biophysical controls (burn and grazing treatments) and topographic controls (aspect ratios and slope factors).
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D17; p. 18,599-18,622.
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