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  • 1
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    Effect of flow on gene regulation in smooth muscle cells and macromolecular transport across endothelial cell monolayers (1998)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: The Biological bulletin (ISSN 0006-3185); Volume 194; 3; 394-9
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  • 2
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    A model for the kinetics of homotypic cellular aggregation under static conditions (1997)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We present the formulation and testing of a mathematical model for the kinetics of homotypic cellular aggregation. The model considers cellular aggregation under no-flow conditions as a two-step process. Individual cells and cell aggregates 1) move on the tissue culture surface and 2) collide with other cells (or aggregates). These collisions lead to the formation of intercellular bonds. The aggregation kinetics are described by a system of coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and the collision frequency kernel is derived by extending Smoluchowski's colloidal flocculation theory to cell migration and aggregation on a two-dimensional surface. Our results indicate that aggregation rates strongly depend upon the motility of cells and cell aggregates, the frequency of cell-cell collisions, and the strength of intercellular bonds. Model predictions agree well with data from homotypic lymphocyte aggregation experiments using Jurkat cells activated by 33B6, an antibody to the beta 1 integrin. Since cell migration speeds and all the other model parameters can be independently measured, the aggregation model provides a quantitative methodology by which we can accurately evaluate the adhesivity and aggregation behavior of cells.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Biophysical journal (ISSN 0006-3495); Volume 72; 1; 51-64
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  • 3
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    Biomaterials for tissue engineering: summary (1997)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This article summarizes presentations and discussion at the workshop "Enabling Biomaterial Technology for Tissue Engineering," which was held during the Fifth World Biomaterials Congress in May 1996. Presentations covered the areas of material substrate architecture, barrier effects, and cellular response, including analysis of biomaterials challenges involved in producing specific tissue-engineered products.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Tissue engineering (ISSN 1076-3279); Volume 3; 1; 71-3; discussion 73-6
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  • 4
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    Calmodulin UAS-constructs and the in vivo roles of calmodulin: analysis of a muscle-specific phenotype (2002)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) (ISSN 1526-954X); Volume 34; 1-2; 86-90
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  • 5
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    The effect of acute microgravity on mechanically-induced membrane damage and membrane-membrane fusion events (2001)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Although it is unclear how a living cell senses gravitational forces there is no doubt that perturbation of the gravitational environment results in profound alterations in cellular function. In the present study, we have focused our attention on how acute microgravity exposure during parabolic flight affects the skeletal muscle cell plasma membrane (i.e. sarcolemma), with specific reference to a mechanically-reactive signaling mechanism known as mechanically-induced membrane disruption or "wounding". Both membrane rupture and membrane resealing events mediated by membrane-membrane fusion characterize this response. We here present experimental evidence that acute microgravity exposure can inhibit membrane-membrane fusion events essential for the resealing of sarcolemmal wounds in individual human myoblasts. Additional evidence to support this contention comes from experimental studies that demonstrate acute microgravity exposure also inhibits secretagogue-stimulated intracellular vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane in HL-60 cells. Based on our own observations and those of other investigators in a variety of ground-based models of membrane wounding and membrane-membrane fusion, we suggest that the disruption in the membrane resealing process observed during acute microgravity is consistent with a microgravity-induced decrease in membrane order.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Journal of gravitational physiology : a journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology (ISSN 1077-9248); Volume 8; 2; 37-47
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  • 6
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    Novel optical methodologies in studying mechanical signal transduction in mammalian cells (1999)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: For the last 3 decades evidence has been accumulating that some types of mammalian cells respond to their mechanically active environment by altering their morphology, growth rate, and metabolism. The study of such responses is very important in understanding, physiological and pathological conditions ranging from bone formation to atherosclerosis. Obtaining this knowledge has been the goal for an active research area in bioengineering termed cell mechanotransduction. The advancement of optical methodologies used in cell biology research has given the tools to elucidate cellular mechanisms that would otherwise be impossible to visualize. Combined with molecular biology techniques, they give engineers invaluable tools in understanding the chemical pathways involved in mechanotransduction. Herein we briefly review the current knowledge on mechanical signal transduction in mammalian cells, focusing on the application of novel optical techniques in the ongoing research.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Industrial & engineering chemistry research (ISSN 0888-5885); Volume 38; 3; 601-9
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  • 7
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    Biodegradable polymers (1999)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Science & medicine (ISSN 1087-3309); Volume 6; 1; 6-7
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  • 8
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    A quantitative assay for intercellular aggregation (1997)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: In an earlier communication (Munn et al., J Immunol. Methods 166: 11-25, 1993), we presented the initial development of a quantitative assay for monitoring the rates of cellular aggregation based on digital image processing and video microscopy. This study describes some important enhancements and modifications to the procedure. A new index is introduced to characterize the three-dimensional morphology of the aggregates. This index is based on temporal changes in the projected area of the cells and cell aggregates during the course of the experiment. By drawing an analogy with the kinetic theory of gases, we have also introduced a procedure to normalize for variations in cell seeding density among different experiments. In addition, the image analysis technique has been improved by introducing a background subtraction algorithm to remove illumination defects and an adaptive segmentation procedure. These improvements allowed us to completely automate the image analysis procedure, thus minimizing user intervention and improving the reproducibility of the measurements. The enhanced visual assay is evaluated using some recent results from our studies on homotypic lymphocyte aggregation.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Annals of biomedical engineering (ISSN 0090-6964); Volume 25; 1; 180-9
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  • 9
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    Suppressed PHA activation of T lymphocytes in simulated microgravity is restored by direct activation of protein kinase C (1998)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Utilizing clinostatic rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactors that simulate aspects of microgravity, we found phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness to be almost completely diminished. Activation marker expression was significantly reduced in RWV cultures. Furthermore, cytokine secretion profiles suggested that monocytes are not as adversely affected by simulated microgravity as T cells. Reduced cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions may play a role in the loss of PHA responsiveness because placing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) within small collagen beads did partially restore PHA responsiveness. However, activation of purified T cells with cross-linked CD2/CD28 and CD3/CD28 antibody pairs was completely suppressed in the RWV, suggesting a defect in signal transduction. Activation of purified T cells with PMA and ionomycin was unaffected by RWV culture. Furthermore, sub-mitogenic doses of PMA alone but not ionomycin alone restored PHA responsiveness of PBMC in RWV culture. Thus our data indicate that during polyclonal activation the signaling pathways upstream of PKC activation are sensitive to simulated microgravity.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of leukocyte biology (ISSN 0741-5400); Volume 63; 5; 550-62
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  • 10
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    Calcium-binding proteins and development (1998)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The known roles for calcium-binding proteins in developmental signaling pathways are reviewed. Current information on the calcium-binding characteristics of three classes of cell-surface developmental signaling proteins (EGF-domain proteins, cadherins and integrins) is presented together with an overview of the intracellular pathways downstream of these surface receptors. The developmental roles delineated to date for the universal intracellular calcium sensor, calmodulin, and its targets, and for calcium-binding regulators of the cytoskeleton are also reviewed.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine (ISSN 0966-0844); Volume 11; 4; 359-73
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