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  • 1
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    Cosmic rays and the boundaries of the heliosphere (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) are interstellar neutrals that drift into the heliosphere, become singly ionized, and are convected to the termination shock of the solar wind, where they are thought to be accelerated to hundreds of MeV. Because their effective origin is at the termination shock, studies of their gradients and spectral shape can reveal important clues about the shock's location, its strength, and the source flux of ACRs. Recently, such studies have predicted that one or more of the Voyager and Pioneer spacecraft may cross the termination shock in the next few years. In addition, there have been studies of galactic cosmic rays that shed new light on the location of the modulation boundary of these particles, which may be the heliopause region. In this talk, we will review these observations and the information they provide about the boundaries of the heliosphere.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: ; 51
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  • 2
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    Magnetospheric cutoff for 1.5-mev extra- terrestrial protons (1964)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-27
    Description: Geomagnetic polar region - arrival of extraterrestrial low energy protons
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
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  • 3
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    Weld repair of launch vehicle fuel and LOX containers (1966)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-26
    Description: Weld repair of aluminum fuel and liquid oxygen containers for Saturn S-IVB program
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
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  • 4
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    Sculpturing, forming, and spinning of large components for launch vehicles (1966)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-26
    Description: Forming, milling, and shear-spinning metal-working methods for Saturn S-IC booster components
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
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  • 5
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    SAMPEX studies of anomalous cosmic rays using the geomagnetic field (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We report new measurements of the composition and energy spectra of anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) made with the MAST instrument of SAMPEX. The 82 deg orbit on SAMPEX allows MAST to survey the magnetic latitude distribution of energetic particles with greater than 15 MeV/nuc. Because ACRs are singly-charged, they have a much greater magnetic rigidity than solar energetic particles or galactic cosmic rays with the same energy/nuc, and can be observed to much lower latitude. This allows SAMPEX to employ the Earth's field as a magnetic filter to obtain a 'pure' sample of ACR nuclei, uncontaminated by solar particles or galactic cosmic rays. We report new measurements of the composition and energy spectra of 'anomalous' nuclei from He to Fe observed by this 'double spectrometer' approach. In particular, the energy spectrum of ACR oxygen is observed to extend to approximately 100 MeV/nucleon, which has implications for the ACR acceleration mechanism.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: International Solar Wind 8 Conference; 105; NASA-CR-199940
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  • 6
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    Voyager at Uranus (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The findings made in the Voyager flyby past Uranus are reviewed. The spacecraft is described, and the preparations for the Uranus encounter are recalled. The encounter characteristics are presented, and the characteristics of the Uranian atmosphere and interior, magnetic field, rings, and satellites are discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0007-084X); 41; 49-62
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  • 7
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    The Voyager 2 encounter with the Neptunian system (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An overview of the Voyager 2 encounter with Neptune is presented, including a brief discussion of the trajectory, the planned observations, and highlights of the results described in the 11 companion papers. Neptune's blue atmosphere has storm systems reminiscent of those in Jupiter's atmosphere. An optically thin methane ice cloud exists near the 1.5-bar pressure level, and an optically thick cloud exists below 3 bars. Neptune's magnetic field is highly tilted and offset from the planet's center; it rotates with a period of 16.11 hours. Two narrow and two broad rings circle the planet; the outermost of these rings has three optically thicker arc segments. Six new moons were discovered in circular prograde orbits, all well inside Triton's retrograde orbit. Triton has a highly reflective and geologically young surface, a thin nitrogen atmosphere, and at least two active geyser-like plumes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 246; 1417-142
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  • 8
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    Nonthermal rotational distribution of CO/A 1Pi/ fragments produced by dissociative excitation of CO2 by electron impact (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measurements were made of the rotational profiles of specific bands of the CO fourth-positive group (4PG). The CO 4PG bands were excited by electron impact dissociative excitation of CO2. The results are applicable to analysis of the Mariner observations of the CO 4PG in the dayglow of Mars. The results indicate that dissociative excitation of CO2 by electron impact leads to CO(A 1Pi) fragments with a rotational distribution that is highly nonthermal. The parent CO2 temperature was about 300 K in the experiment, while the fragment CO(A 1Pi) showed emission band profiles consistent with a rotational temperature greater than about 1500 K. Laboratory measurement of the reduced transmission of the hot bands by thermal CO appears to be the most direct way of determining the column density responsible for the CO(v',0) absorption of Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Jan. 1
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  • 9
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    Large Isotope Spectrometer for Astromag (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Large Isotope Spectrometer for Astromag (LISA) is an experiment designed to measure the isotopic composition and energy spectra of cosmic rays for elements extending from beryllium through zinc. The overall objectives of this investigation are to study the origin and evolution of galactic matter; the acceleration, transport, and time scales of cosmic rays in the galaxy; and search for heavy antinuclei in the cosmic radiation. To achieve these objectives, the LISA experiment will make the first identifications of individual heavy cosmic ray isotopes in the energy range from about 2.5 to 4 GeV/n where relativistic time dilation effects enhance the abundances of radioactive clocks and where the effects of solar modulation and cross-section variations are minimized. It will extend high resolution measurements of individual element abundances and their energy spectra to energies of nearly 1 TeV/n, and has the potential for discovering heavy anti-nuclei which could not have been formed except in extragalactic sources.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 10
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    Cosmic ray investigation for the Voyager missions: Energetic particle studies in the outer heliosphere - and beyond (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Voyager mission cosmic ray detector system, consisting entirely of solid-state charged-particle detectors, is designed to measure the energy spectrum of electrons in the range 3 to 110 MeV and the energy spectra and elemental composition of cosmic ray nuclei from hydrogen through iron in the range 1 to 500 MeV/nuc; for isotopes of hydrogen through sulfur the range is approximately 2 to 75 MeV/nuc. The cosmic ray investigation deals with the energy content, origin and acceleration process, and dynamics of cosmic rays in the galaxy, with particular attention given to low-energy phenomena in interstellar space and the outer solar system. The precise measurement of three-dimensional stream patterns of nuclei from H to Fe, as well as electrons over a wide energy range, is the data acquisition program emphasized.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Space Science Reviews; 21; Dec. 197
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