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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-03-31
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-04-02
    Description: Tritium and helium isotope data provide key information on ocean circulation, ventilation, and mixing, as well as the rates of biogeochemical processes and deep-ocean hydrothermal processes. We present here global oceanic datasets of tritium and helium isotope measurements made by numerous researchers and laboratories over a period exceeding 60 years. The dataset’s DOI is https://doi.org/10.25921/c1sn-9631, and the data are available at https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/data/0176626.xml (last access: 15 March 2019) or alternately http://odv.awi.de/data/ocean/jenkins-tritium-helium-data-compilation/ (last access: 13 March 2019) and includes approximately 60 000 valid tritium measurements, 63 000 valid helium isotope determinations, 57 000 dissolved helium concentrations, and 34 000 dissolved neon concentrations. Some quality control has been applied in that questionable data have been flagged and clearly compromised data excluded entirely. Appropriate metadata have been included, including geographic location, date, and sample depth. When available, we include water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Data quality flags and data originator information (including methodology) are also included. This paper provides an introduction to the dataset along with some discussion of its broader qualities and graphics.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Microbiology 7 (2016): 163, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00163.
    Description: Some benthic foraminiferal species are reportedly capable of nitrate storage and denitrification, however, little is known about nitrate incorporation and subsequent utilization of nitrate within their cell. In this study, we investigated where and how much 15N or 34S were assimilated into foraminiferal cells or possible endobionts after incubation with isotopically labeled nitrate and sulfate in dysoxic or anoxic conditions. After 2 weeks of incubation, foraminiferal specimens were fixed and prepared for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and correlative nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analyses. TEM observations revealed that there were characteristic ultrastructural features typically near the cell periphery in the youngest two or three chambers of the foraminifera exposed to anoxic conditions. These structures, which are electron dense and ~200–500 nm in diameter and co-occurred with possible endobionts, were labeled with 15N originated from 15N-labeled nitrate under anoxia and were labeled with both 15N and 34S under dysoxia. The labeling with 15N was more apparent in specimens from the dysoxic incubation, suggesting higher foraminiferal activity or increased availability of the label during exposure to oxygen depletion than to anoxia. Our results suggest that the electron dense bodies in Ammonia sp. play a significant role in nitrate incorporation and/or subsequent nitrogen assimilation during exposure to dysoxic to anoxic conditions.
    Description: This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (Young Scientists B No. 22740340 and Scientific Research C No. 24540504 to HN), an Invitation Fellowship for Research in Japan to JB by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), the Robert W. Morse Chair for Excellence in Oceanography at WHOI to JB, and The Investment in Science Fund at WHOI to JB.
    Keywords: Foraminifer ; Nitrate ; NanoSIMS ; Electron dense body ; Endobionts ; Ultrastructure ; Denitrification
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-11-21
    Description: Mantle degassing transect across different tectonic units within a plate convergent setting has been well documented for oceanic convergent margins by systematic changes in geochemistry (e.g., 3He/4He, d13C, and CO2/3He) of hydrothermal gases. However, little is known about spatial variations in volatile geochemistry across a continental convergent margin. In this study, we identify a mantle degassing transect in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau using He-CO2 systematics of hydrothermal gases, which extends from India-Asia continental convergent margin to intra-continent extensional region. d13C-CO2 ( 11.8‰ to 3.1‰) and CO2/3He (1.7 108 to 7.1 1011) values of hydrothermal gases show large variations that are consistent with modification by secondary physico-chemical processes, such as multi-component mixing, hydrothermal degassing, and calcite precipitation. Three levels of He degassing can be recognized based on 3He/4He dataset (0.01–5.87 RA) of the hydrothermal gas samples and their distances to volcanic centers. A magmatic level He degassing (35–74% mantle He) is found near active and/or Quaternary volcanoes fed by mantle-derived magmas. With increasing distance to volcanic centers, the outgassed magmatic volatiles are gradually diluted by crustal components (e.g., radiogenic 4He), defining a transitional level He degassing (13–33% mantle He). The 3He/4He values (8.16–8.48 RA) of olivine phenocrysts indicate a MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalts)-type mantle source for the magmatic and transitional levels of He degassing that are localized in Quaternary volcanic fields. In contrast, a background level He degassing (〈12% mantle He) dominates the entire study area, and can be attributed to (i) degassing of sub-continental lithospheric mantle, and/or (ii) higher degrees of crustal contamination than those of the transitional level He degassing near volcanic centers. Combined with olivine 3He/4He data reported in this study and whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr data of host basalts from literature, source components of the mantle-derived magmas are suggested to include the MORB-type convective mantle, subducted Indian slab materials, and less degassed mantle materials, which can account for the possible decoupling between He and Sr isotope systematics. These findings delineate the origin and outgassing of mantle volatiles controlled by the India-Asia continental convergence, and would contribute to a better understanding of the deeply-sourced volatile emissions in these tectonic settings.
    Description: Published
    Description: 61-78
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Zhang, M., Guo, Z., Xu, S., Barry, P. H., Sano, Y., Zhang, L., Halldorsson, S. A., Chen, A.-T., Cheng, Z., Liu, C.-Q., Li, S.-L., Lang, Y.-C., Zheng, G., Li, Z., Li, L., & Li, Y. Linking deeply-sourced volatile emissions to plateau growth dynamics in southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Nature Communications, 12(1), (2021): 4157, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24415-y.
    Description: The episodic growth of high-elevation orogenic plateaux is controlled by a series of geodynamic processes. However, determining the underlying mechanisms that drive plateau growth dynamics over geological history and constraining the depths at which growth originates, remains challenging. Here we present He-CO2-N2 systematics of hydrothermal fluids that reveal the existence of a lithospheric-scale fault system in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, whereby multi-stage plateau growth occurred in the geological past and continues to the present. He isotopes provide unambiguous evidence for the involvement of mantle-scale dynamics in lateral expansion and localized surface uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. The excellent correlation between 3He/4He values and strain rates, along the strike of Indian indentation into Asia, suggests non-uniform distribution of stresses between the plateau boundary and interior, which modulate southeastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau within the context of India-Asia convergence. Our results demonstrate that deeply-sourced volatile geochemistry can be used to constrain deep dynamic processes involved in orogenic plateau growth.
    Description: This work was supported by China Seismic Experimental Site (CSES) (2019CSES0104), the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB26000000), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA0607700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41930642, 41602341, 41772355, and 41702361), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) (2019QZKK0702), and the United Laboratory of High-Pressure Physics and Earthquake Science (2019HPPES02). P.H.B. was supported by the US National Science Foundation EAR Grant 1144559 during a portion of this work.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Jenkins, W. J., Doney, S. C., Fendrock, M., Fine, R., Gamo, T., Jean-Baptiste, P., Key, R., Klein, B., Lupton, J. E., Newton, R., Rhein, M., Roether, W., Sano, Y., Schlitzer, R., Schlosser, P., & Swift, J. A comprehensive global oceanic dataset of helium isotope and tritium measurements. Earth System Science Data, 11(2), (2019):441-454, doi:10.5194/essd-11-441-2019.
    Description: Tritium and helium isotope data provide key information on ocean circulation, ventilation, and mixing, as well as the rates of biogeochemical processes and deep-ocean hydrothermal processes. We present here global oceanic datasets of tritium and helium isotope measurements made by numerous researchers and laboratories over a period exceeding 60 years. The dataset's DOI is https://doi.org/10.25921/c1sn-9631, and the data are available at https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/data/0176626.xml (last access: 15 March 2019) or alternately http://odv.awi.de/data/ocean/jenkins-tritium-helium-data-compilation/ (last access: 13 March 2019) and includes approximately 60 000 valid tritium measurements, 63 000 valid helium isotope determinations, 57 000 dissolved helium concentrations, and 34 000 dissolved neon concentrations. Some quality control has been applied in that questionable data have been flagged and clearly compromised data excluded entirely. Appropriate metadata have been included, including geographic location, date, and sample depth. When available, we include water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Data quality flags and data originator information (including methodology) are also included. This paper provides an introduction to the dataset along with some discussion of its broader qualities and graphics.
    Description: This synthesis work was funded under the auspices of a U.S. National Science Foundation grant number OCE-1434000. Financial support for the actual measurements came from a wide variety of different research grants from many agencies in many countries, far too numerous to list here. William J. Jenkins is grateful to a number of US funding sources, most notably the National Science Foundation, NOAA, DOE, and ONR.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 31 (1988), S. 2518-2523 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Drag reduction caused by the injection of concentrated polymer solutions into a turbulent pipe flow was studied. Measurements were made of the radial distribution of fluctuating velocities by means of video image analysis. The results showed that a higher velocity was observed for injected polymer threads and both the radial fluctuation and the Reynolds stress were significantly suppressed. It was suggested that the wall turbulence structure might be controlled by suppressing the large scale turbulent motion in the turbulent core region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: In order to decipher the origin of eclogite in the high-P/T Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, SHRIMP U–Pb ages of zircons from quartz-bearing eclogite and associated quartz-rich rock (metasandstone) were determined. One zircon core of the quartz-rich rock yields an extremely old provenance age of 1899 ± 79 Ma, suggesting that the core is of detrital origin. Eight other core ages are in the 148–134 Ma range, and are older than the estimated age for trench sedimentation as indicated by the youngest radiolarian fossil age of 139–135 Ma from the Sanbagawa schists. Ages of metamorphic zircon rims (132–112 Ma) from the quartz-rich rock are consistent with metamorphic zircon ages from the quartz-bearing eclogite, indicating that eclogite facies metamorphism peaked at 120–110 Ma. These new data are consistent with both the Iratsu eclogite body and surrounding highest-grade Sanbagawa schists undergoing coeval subduction-zone metamorphism, and subsequent re-equilibration under epidote amphibolite facies conditions during exhumation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 849-852 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The origin and evolution of the Moon remain controversial, with one of the most important questions for lunar evolution being the timing and duration of basaltic (mare) magmatism. Here we report the result of ion microprobe U–Pb dating of phosphates in a lunar meteorite, Kalahari 009, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 428 (2004), S. 660-664 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IκB kinase-α (IKK-α) exhibits protein-kinase-dependent and -independent functions. Its kinase activity is required for lymphoid organogenesis and mammary gland development, whereas a kinase-independent activity is required for epidermal keratinocyte differentiation. In ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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