ALBERT

Description: In Drosophila, repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs) are produced in the germ line by a Dicer-independent pathway and function through the PIWI subfamily of Argonautes to ensure silencing of retrotransposons. We sequenced small RNAs associated with the PIWI subfamily member AGO3. Although other members of PIWI, Aubergine (Aub) and Piwi, associated with rasiRNAs derived mainly from the antisense strand of retrotransposons, AGO3-associated rasiRNAs arose mainly from the sense strand. Aub- and Piwi-associated rasiRNAs showed a strong preference for uracil at their 5' ends, and AGO3-associated rasiRNAs showed a strong preference for adenine at nucleotide 10. Comparisons between AGO3- and Aub-associated rasiRNAs revealed pairs of rasiRNAs showing complementarities in their first 10 nucleotides. Aub and AGO3 exhibited Slicer activity in vitro. These data support a model in which formation of a 5' terminus within rasiRNA precursors is guided by rasiRNAs originating from transcripts of the other strand in concert with the Slicer activity of PIWI.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gunawardane, Lalith S -- Saito, Kuniaki -- Nishida, Kazumichi M -- Miyoshi, Keita -- Kawamura, Yoshinori -- Nagami, Tomoko -- Siomi, Haruhiko -- Siomi, Mikiko C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1587-90. Epub 2007 Feb 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Supermassive black holes with masses of millions to billions of solar masses are commonly found in the centers of galaxies. Astronomers seek to image jet formation using radio interferometry but still suffer from insufficient angular resolution. An alternative method to resolve small structures is to measure the time variability of their emission. Here we report on gamma-ray observations of the radio galaxy IC 310 obtained with the MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes, revealing variability with doubling time scales faster than 4.8 min. Causality constrains the size of the emission region to be smaller than 20% of the gravitational radius of its central black hole. We suggest that the emission is associated with pulsar-like particle acceleration by the electric field across a magnetospheric gap at the base of the radio jet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aleksic, J -- Ansoldi, S -- Antonelli, L A -- Antoranz, P -- Babic, A -- Bangale, P -- Barrio, J A -- Becerra Gonzalez, J -- Bednarek, W -- Bernardini, E -- Biasuzzi, B -- Biland, A -- Blanch, O -- Bonnefoy, S -- Bonnoli, G -- Borracci, F -- Bretz, T -- Carmona, E -- Carosi, A -- Colin, P -- Colombo, E -- Contreras, J L -- Cortina, J -- Covino, S -- Da Vela, P -- Dazzi, F -- De Angelis, A -- De Caneva, G -- De Lotto, B -- de Ona Wilhelmi, E -- Delgado Mendez, C -- Dominis Prester, D -- Dorner, D -- Doro, M -- Einecke, S -- Eisenacher, D -- Elsaesser, D -- Fonseca, M V -- Font, L -- Frantzen, K -- Fruck, C -- Galindo, D -- Garcia Lopez, R J -- Garczarczyk, M -- Garrido Terrats, D -- Gaug, M -- Godinovic, N -- Gonzalez Munoz, A -- Gozzini, S R -- Hadasch, D -- Hanabata, Y -- Hayashida, M -- Herrera, J -- Hildebrand, D -- Hose, J -- Hrupec, D -- Idec, W -- Kadenius, V -- Kellermann, H -- Kodani, K -- Konno, Y -- Krause, J -- Kubo, H -- Kushida, J -- La Barbera, A -- Lelas, D -- Lewandowska, N -- Lindfors, E -- Lombardi, S -- Longo, F -- Lopez, M -- Lopez-Coto, R -- Lopez-Oramas, A -- Lorenz, E -- Lozano, I -- Makariev, M -- Mallot, K -- Maneva, G -- Mankuzhiyil, N -- Mannheim, K -- Maraschi, L -- Marcote, B -- Mariotti, M -- Martinez, M -- Mazin, D -- Menzel, U -- Miranda, J M -- Mirzoyan, R -- Moralejo, A -- Munar-Adrover, P -- Nakajima, D -- Niedzwiecki, A -- Nilsson, K -- Nishijima, K -- Noda, K -- Orito, R -- Overkemping, A -- Paiano, S -- Palatiello, M -- Paneque, D -- Paoletti, R -- Paredes, J M -- Paredes-Fortuny, X -- Persic, M -- Poutanen, J -- Prada Moroni, P G -- Prandini, E -- Puljak, I -- Reinthal, R -- Rhode, W -- Ribo, M -- Rico, J -- Rodriguez Garcia, J -- Rugamer, S -- Saito, T -- Saito, K -- Satalecka, K -- Scalzotto, V -- Scapin, V -- Schultz, C -- Schweizer, T -- Shore, S N -- Sillanpaa, A -- Sitarek, J -- Snidaric, I -- Sobczynska, D -- Spanier, F -- Stamatescu, V -- Stamerra, A -- Steinbring, T -- Storz, J -- Strzys, M -- Takalo, L -- Takami, H -- Tavecchio, F -- Temnikov, P -- Terzic, T -- Tescaro, D -- Teshima, M -- Thaele, J -- Tibolla, O -- Torres, D F -- Toyama, T -- Treves, A -- Uellenbeck, M -- Vogler, P -- Zanin, R -- Kadler, M -- Schulz, R -- Ros, E -- Bach, U -- Krauss, F -- Wilms, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1080-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1256183. Epub 2014 Nov 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. ; Universita di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. ; INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy. ; Universita di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy. ; Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, D-80805 Munchen, Germany. ; Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Present address: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, and Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. ; University of Lodz', PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. ; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. ; ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Universitat Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Present address: Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. ; Institute of Space Sciences, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. ; Universitat Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. ; Universita di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy. ; Technische Universitat Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. ; Universitat Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. deisenacher@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de jsitarek@ifae.es mannheim@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de. ; Unitat de Fisica de les Radiacions, Departament de Fisica, and Centro de Estudios e Investigacion Espaciales-Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. ; Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. ; Institute of Space Sciences, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Present address: Institut fur Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universitat Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. ; Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan. ; Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland. ; Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland. Present address: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), Turku, Finland. ; Deceased. ; Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. ; Universita di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Present address: Astrophysics Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India. ; Universita di Pisa and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. ; Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. deisenacher@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de jsitarek@ifae.es mannheim@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de. ; Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. Present address: School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, D-80805 Munchen, Germany. Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan. ; ICREA and Institute of Space Sciences, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. ; Universita dell'Insubria and INFN Milano Bicocca, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy. ; Universitat Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, Astronomisches Institut der Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Observatori Astronomic, Universitat de Valencia, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain. Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofisica, Universitat de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. ; Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, Astronomisches Institut der Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉