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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coke formation on an industrial reforming Pt–Sn/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst (2000)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 65 (2000), S. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: coke formation ; industrial reforming catalyst ; Pt–Sn/γ‐Al2O3 ; coke characterization ; coke burning off
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The characterization of the coke deposited on an industrial Pt–Sn/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst, used in a continuous reforming process, was performed with AFM, XRD, FTIR, EPR, NMR, TG‐DTG and DTA techniques. Composition, structure and location of the coke on the catalyst were investigated. The coke was predominantly deposited on the catalyst surface and in the interstices between the catalyst particles. Its content increased along the reactor from top to bottom. Coke was deposited in the form of uniform films and clusters of three‐dimensional disks with diameters between 0.12 and 0.18 μm. It had a pseudo‐graphite structure produced by the dehydrogenation and polymerization of the aromatic precursor compounds. The coked catalyst showed a good combustion behavior; it was regenerated below 550°C. These results are important to elucidate the coke formation mechanism, to generate new continuous reforming catalysts, and to optimize the reactor operation parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019042027077
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dehydroxylation and the Crystalline Phases in Sol-Gel Zirconia (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 11 (1998), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: dehydroxilation in sol-gel ZrO2 ; paramagnetic point defects ; tetragonal zirconia stabilization ; nanocrystalline tetragonal ZrO2 ; nanocrystalline monoclinic ZrO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The formation and evolution with temperature of the crystalline phases in sol-gel ZrO2 was analyzed by using X-ray powder diffraction, refinement of the crystalline structures, ESR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The precursor phase of crystalline zirconia was amorphous Zr(OH)4 with the same local order as the tetragonal crystalline phase. This amorphous phase dehydroxylated with temperature, generating nanocrystalline tetragonal zirconia, and producing point defects that stabilized the tetragonal structure, generated a paramagetic ESR signal with g values like the free electron, and had a light absorption band at 310 nm. When the sample was annealed at higher temperatures, it continued dehydroxilating, and the point defects disappeared, causing the transformation of the nanocrystalline tetragonal phase into nanocrystalline monoclinic zirconia. The two crystalline nanophases coexisted since the beginning of crystallization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008666531404
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