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  • bog  (1)
  • microtensiometer  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: diurnal variation ; microtensiometer ; Pennisetum americanum ; rehydration ; root length ; soil matric potential ; soil water extraction rate ; spatial variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The suitability of microtensiometers to measure the spatial variation of soil matric potential and its diurnal change was tested in a pot experiment with pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeke) in a sandy soil as the soil dried out. The temporal and spatial resolution of this technique allowed precise measurement of soil matric potential and thus estimation of soil water extraction from different compartments as well as from the whole rooting zone. The technique also allowed the measurement of rehydration of plants at night and root water uptake rate per unit soil volume or per unit root length. The precision of determination of root water uptake depended greatly on the accuracy of the estimate of hydraulic conductivity, which was derived from a bare soil and might be different for a cropped soil owing to aggregation induced by the root system. A linear relationship between root length and water uptake was found (r2=0.82), irrespective of variation in soil water content between compartments and despite the variation in root age, xylem differentiation and suberin formation expected to exist between different compartments of the rooting zone. As the experiment was carried out in a range of soil matric potentials between −4 and −30 kPa, drought stress did not occur. Further information at lower soil matric potentials are required, to address questions such as the importance of soil resistance for water uptake, or which portion of the root system has to be stressed to induce hormonal signals to the shoot. The microtensiometer technique can be applied to soil matric potentials up to −80 kPa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein haben sich Verwallungen als ein vielversprechendes Konzept zur Wiedervernässung als einleitender Schritt zur Renaturierung von Hochmooren dargestellt. In dieser Studie wurde der Wasserstaueffekt der Verwallung (bestehend aus einem Torfdamm mit darunterliegender Verfüllungsgrube als „Torfspundwand“) anhand bodenphysikalischer Kennwerte an drei Hochmoorstandorten in Schleswig-Holstein überprüft. Als Prüfparameter eignen sich mit zunehmender Indikation Trockenrohdichte, Luftkapazität (Grobporen 〉 50 um) und gesättigte Wasserleitfähigkeit, die sensibel auf Verdichtungsprozesse - wie sie in der Verwallung durch die Baggeraktivität erzeugt werden - reagieren. Um den erwünschten Verdichtungseffekt näher zu quantifizieren, wurden vergleichbare Untersuchungen an einem jeweiligen Referenzstandort in den gleichen Bodentiefen (50 und 100 cm unter GOF) durchgeführt. Es wurde festgestellt, dass in der Verfüllungsgrube die Wasserleitfähigkeit in horizontaler Richtung gegenüber der Referenzfläche abnimmt, was die seitliche Wasserbewegung aus dem Moorkörper vermindert. Dieser Staueffekt wurde allerdings nur in 50 cm Tiefe, nicht in 100 cm Tiefe erreicht. Geringe Trockenrohdichte und hohe Luftkapazitäten in 100 cm Tiefe deuten auf eine nachlassende Wirkung der Verdichtung durch die Baggerlast mit der Tiefe. Zum anderen bedingte das Zerstören der natürlichen Torfstrukturen und die Durchmischung eine Störung der Porenfunktionalität in der Verwallung, so dass die besonders leitfähigen Grobporen nicht in Zusammenhang mit einer Zunahme der horizontalen Wasserleitfähigkeit stehen. Ihr positiver Effekt auf den Wasserfluss wirkt daher nur in vertikaler, nicht in horizontaler Richtung. Die damit erzeugte Umkehr der Anisotropie von einer stärker horizontal, wie in den natürlich geschichteten Torfen der Referenz, zu einer stärker vertikal ausgeprägten Fließrichtung in der Verwallung wird daher mit als eine entscheidende Steuergröße für das Abflussregime gesehen, die die Effektivität der Wasserrückhaltung verbessert.
    Description: The rewetting of degraded raised bogs with the help of water retaining peat dams proved to be a promising restoration strategy in Schleswig-Holstein. In this study, the water retention effect of peat dam systems (consisting ofan aboveground peat dam and a belowground pit refilled with the parent peat material from the surroundings acting as “piling wall”) was analysed at three raised bog sites in Schleswig-Holstein. The evaluation based on the following soil physical test values with increasing indication power: bulk density, air capacity (coarse pores 〉 50 um) and saturated hydraulic conductivity, which likely react sensitively to compaction processes during the dam construction by excavators. In order to quantify the barrier function of the belowground “piling wall” at each site, comparable analyses were conducted at the same sampling depths (50 and 100 cm below ground surface) on an adjacent, undisturbed reference site with natural peat stratification. The results indicated a decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction in the 50 cm depth of the “piling wall” compared to the reference site. In contrast, a low bulk density and a high air capacity was found in the 100 cm depth, indicating that the compaction intensity declined with depth. On the other hand, the disruption of the natural peat structure by excavators and the following mixing process reduced pore functionality in the peat dam systems. Consequently, the increase in highly conductible macropores only led to an improvement of the hydraulic conductivity in the vertical, but not in the horizontal direction. This reversal of anisotropy from a more horizontally pronounced, like in the undisturbed reference peat soil, to a more vertically pronounced flow direction in the peat dam systems might be an important control parameter for the water flow regime, improving the efficiency of water retention inside the raised bog body.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 553.21 ; Moor ; Wiedervernässung ; Hydrologie ; Hochmoor ; bog ; peatland ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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