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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 95 (1991), S. 7427-7432 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 1907-1918 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The continuous inversion from a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion at low temperatures to an oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion at higher temperatures within the one-phase channel of water (0.6% NaCl)–n-decane–AOT microemulsion system is investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). At constant AOT (surfactant) weight fraction γ of 12%, the structural evolution as a function of temperature takes place in different forms as the oil-to-water weight fraction α is varied from 15 to 90 %. At low o-w weight fractions (α=15 and 20 %) the microemulsions transform from a water-internal, oil-continuous structure at lower temperatures to an oil-internal, water-continuous droplet structure at higher temperatures jumping across an intermediate region of a lamellar phase (Lα). However, at higher o-w weight fractions (α=80 and 90 %) the evolution goes through a stage of percolation of the water droplets first into extended water clusters, then the structural inversion takes place probably through a transition of these water clusters into an entangled tubular structure. At equal oil-to-water volume ration (α=40%), the structure can be described as bicontinuous at both low and high temperatures. In this case we are able to extract two lengths characterizing the structure from SANS data using different models for the scattering length density fluctuation correlation function of a bicontinuous microemulsion.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 4 (1988), S. 1096-1100 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 2071-2082 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have investigated the temperature and coverage-dependent transformations of the ordered structures of oxygen on Pd(100). The four ordered structures are the chemisorbed c(2×2) and p(2×2) lattices, and the reconstructed p(5×5) and ((5)1/2×(5)1/2)R27° lattices. We present evidence that the p(5×5) reconstruction forms in an activated stepfrom c(2×2) regions. The onset of p(5×5) formation is associated with an increase in oxygen sticking coefficient. In thermal desorption, there are three states which can be correlated directly with the structure of the adsorbed phase during desorption: At lowest coverage, the α state shows the traits of second-order kinetics and is due to desorption from a disordered adlayer. At higher coverage, the β state appears and is due to desorption from a layer with c(2×2) order. There is a lower barrier to desorption in the β state than in the α state because of the repulsive second-nearest-neighbor interactions in the c(2×2). At highest coverage, the sharp and narrow γ state emerges. This is accompanied by decomposition of the ((5)1/2×(5)1/2)R27° reconstruction, in which cooperative stabilization of the reconstruction by oxygen atoms effectively creates strong quasiattractive oxygen–oxygen interactions. There are interesting similarities between the oxygen-stabilized reconstructions of Pd(100) and the initial stages of oxidation of Ni(100), as well as the oxygen-stabilized reconstructions of Pt(100). The data are obtained from low-energy electron diffraction coupled with a computer-interfaced Video camera, Auger electron spectroscopy, and thermal desorption spectroscopy.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 31 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 570-571 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method is proposed for unambiguously indexing X-ray multiple diffraction patterns obtained with irregularly shaped crystals on a four-circle diffractometer. The method is derived from the orientation matrix together with the operation of crystal rotation. It is shown that this method facilitates the procedures in the experimental method for phase determination.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 33 (1977), S. 90-97 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A general procedure is described for the calculation of n-beam Borrmann diffraction effects. These include the coordinates of points on the sheets of the dispersion surface, absorption coefficients, excitation of modes of propagation and transmitted intensities. The procedure has been used to calculate four-beam effects involved in the simultaneous transmission of the 000, 1{\bar 1}1, 3{\bar 11} and 20{\bar 2} reflections through essentially perfect germanium crystals. Emphasis has been placed on calculations which illustrate the transitions from four-beam interactions to one or two-beam cases. The minimum value of the absorption coefficients for Cu Kα1 at the exact four-beam setting is 6.2 cm-1, compared with the 'normal' coefficient of 352 cm-1. The effects of several relevant variables on transmitted intensities and on the effective absorption coefficients, are described. High-resolution divergent-beam photographs, utilizing a microbeam X- ray source and an evacuated path of 160 cm from crystal to film, reveal a number of previously unreported anomalies in the transmitted intensities. The calculated values of the corresponding reflection intensities agree well with these observations.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 34 (1978), S. 825-826 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In the course of a discussion of the nature of an ambiguity in the indexing of Renninger peaks the possibility was discovered of distinguishing some opposite directions in a cubic crystal without recourse to anomalous scattering. A multiple-diffraction experiment performed on a (111) Ge plate rotated about [222] enabled distinction between the [1{\bar 1}0] and [0{\bar 1}1] directions to be made. The azimuthal angles counted from alternative zero meridians containing [1{\bar 1}0] or [0{\bar 1}1] are the same, but give rise to peaks indexed hkl and 2 - l,2 - h,2 - k respectively. However, dynamically equivalent situations 222, hkl/(2 - h,2 - k,2 - l) and 222, (2 - l,2 - h,2 - k)/lhk are geometrically different, being distinguished as Bragg-Laue and Bragg-Bragg, respectively, or vice versa.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 621-623 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A prototype photon-beam-position monitor has been designed, fabricated and tested at the Taiwan Light Source of the Synchrotron Radiation Research Center. Aluminium was chosen as the material of the blade electrodes due to its low atomic number and high thermal conductivity. The resolution of this photon-beam-position monitor was 〈±1 µm. The sensitivity of the blade electrode has been measured in situ. Results of measurements for bending-magnet light and undulator light with different gaps are described.
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