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  • thermal conductivity  (19)
  • alkali halides  (4)
  • capillary viscometer  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Conductivity of Binary Refrigerant Mixtures of HFC-32/125 and HFC-32/134a in the Liquid Phase (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 1403-1415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: HFC-32/125 ; HFC-32/134a ; binary mixture ; refrigerant ; thermal conductivity ; transient hot-wire method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The liquid thermal conductivity of mixtures of HFC-32/125 and HFC-32/134a was measured using the transient hot-wire apparatus in the temperature ranges from 213 to 293 K and from 193 to 313 K, respectively, in the pressure range from 2 to 30 MPa and with HFC-32 mass fractions of 0.249, 0.500, and 0.750 for each system. The uncertainty of the thermal conductivity was estimated to be ±0.7%. For practical applications, the thermal conductivity data for the two mixtures were represented by a polynomial in temperature, pressure, and mass fraction of HFC-32 with a standard deviation of 1.0%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021432920199
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the thermal diffusivity of molten KCl up to 1000°C by the forced Rayleigh scattering method (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 9 (1988), S. 923-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: high temperature ; KCl ; molten salts ; forced Rayleigh scattering method ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes measurement of the thermal diffusivity of molten KCl in the temperature range from 804 to 1030°C by the forced Rayleigh scattering method. In this contact-free optical measuring technique for the thermal diffusivity of liquids, a sample needs to be colored by the admixture of a dye for suitable absorption of a heating laser beam. The dye substances employed are CoCl2 and NiCl2, which were chosen through the experimental evaluation. The accuracy is estimated to be ±7% for molten KCl colored with NiCl2. The results converted to thermal conductivity show one of the smallest values among other previous data; the difference is a factor of four. The present study demonstrates the promising applicability of the forced Rayleigh scattering method to the measurement of high-temperature molten salts, which has never be attained by other conventional methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01133260
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal conductivity of molten NaNO3 and KNO3 (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 12 (1991), S. 769-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: molten salts ; potassium nitrate (KNO3) ; sodium nitrate (NaNO3) ; thermal conductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal conductivity data for molten NaNO3 and KNO3 have been examined in order to propose recommended data sets for these two popular heat carriers and to establish the reference values above the temperature range covered by toluene and water. It is known that the measurement of the thermal conductivity of molten salts is very difficult, owing mainly to their corrosiveness and high melting temperatures, which introduce complications in apparatus design and significant systematic errors due to radiation and convection. However, some recent measurements seem to manifest more trustworthy values than obtained before. All available data have been collected and critically evaluated. The temperature range covered is 584 to 662 K for molten NaNO3 and 662 to 712 K for molten KNO3, with the confidence limits better than ± 5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corresponding states correlation for the thermal conductivity of molten alkali halides (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 14 (1993), S. 923-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: alkali halides ; correlation ; corresponding states ; molten salts ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The principle of corresponding states has been applied to the thermal-conductivity data for molten alkali halides which have been obtained by recent forced Rayleigh scattering measurements. The theory, which was developed by Harada et al. for the transport properties of uni-univalent molten salts, is based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem with the pair interaction between ions composed of core repulsive and Coulombic potentials. Four characteristic parameters specific to each salt have been used to reduce the thermal conductivity and temperature. It has been found that the thermal conductivity of molten alkali halides is adequately correlated by the corresponding-states correlation (λ * ∝ 1/T *) within experimental accuracy. By employing the correlation, the thermal conductivity of molten alkali fluorides, which could not be measured by the forced Rayleigh scattering method, is predicted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502115
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent development and applications of an optical method for measurements of thermophysical properties (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 16 (1995), S. 1069-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: flow anisotropy ; forced Rayleigh scattering ; molten salts ; optical method ; polymers ; shear anisotropy ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The experimental determination of thermophysical properties has been greatly improved by the introduction of laser technology. The laser beam is used for sensing and also for heating (or exciting) the specimen. The advantage of using a laser beam is most strongly felt in the measurement of the thermal conductivity or the thermal diffusivity, which are some of the most difficult properties to measure. Interesting features of new techniques for investigating various aspects of thermal conductivity in fluids and solids are reviewed. An optical method, the so-called forced Rayleigh scattering method, or the laser-induced optical-grating method, has been developed and used extensively by the present author's group. The method is a high-speed remote-sensing method which can also quantitatively detect anisotropy, namely, direction dependence of heat conduction in the material. It was used for determination of the thermal diffusivity and its anisotropic behavior for high-temperature materials such as molten salts, liquid crystals, extended polymer samples, and flowing polymer melts under shear. Interesting applications of the method were demonstrated also for thermal diffusivity “mapping” and microscale measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02081276
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal conductivity of CFC alternatives HFC-125 and HCFC-141b in the liquid phase (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 17 (1996), S. 279-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: CFC-alternatives ; HCFC-141b ; HFC-125 ; thermal conductivity ; transient hot-wire method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The liquid thermal conductivities of the CFC alternatives, HFC-125, and HCFC-141b measured by a transient hot-wire apparatus with one bare platinum wire are reported in the temperature ranges from 193 to 333 K (HFC-125, CHF2, CF3) and from 193 to 393 K (HCFC-141b,CCI2F-CF3), in the pressure ranges from 2 to 30 MPa (HFC-125) and from 0.1 to 30 MPa (HCFC-141b), respectively. The results have been estimated to have an accurancy of ±0.5%. The liquid thermal conductives obtained have been correlated by a polynomial of temperature and pressure which can represent the experimental results within the standard deviations of 0.49% for HFC-125 and 0.46% for HCFC-141b, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01443393
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements and correlation of the thermal conductivity of liquid n-paraffin hydrocarbons and their binary and ternary mixtures (1985)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 6 (1985), S. 251-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: alkanes ; hydrocarbons ; liquids ; mixing rule ; thermal conductivity ; transient hot-wire method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal conductivity of four pure normal paraffin hydrocarbons (C11, C14, C15, C16) and binary and ternary mixtures of three n-paraffin hydrocarbons (C7, C11, C16) have been measured in the temperature range from about 20 to 90°C at atmospheric pressure. Measurements have been performed with the aid of a fully automated transient hot-wire instrument. The accuracy of the reported data is estimated to be ±1.0 to ±1.5%. A new simple and practical equation, which can calculate the thermal conductivity of pure n-paraffin hydrocarbons (4≤n≤ 16) with the uncertainty of ±1%, has been correlated in terms of temperature and number of carbon atoms based on the present results including some other reliable data. Also, a mixing rule for the mixtures of n-paraffin hydrocarbons was proposed and was adequately confirmed by the present results within the experimental error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00522147
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Conductivity of HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a in the Solid Phase (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 19 (1998), S. 415-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: HFC-32 ; HFC-125 ; HFC-134a ; melting point ; refrigerant ; thermal conductivity ; transient hot-wire method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the thermal conductivity of HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a were carried out for the first time in both solid and liquid phases at the saturation pressure at room temperature and in the temperature ranges from 120 to 263, from 140 to 213, and from 130 to 295 K, respectively. A transient hot-wire instrument using one bare platinum wire was employed for measurements, with an uncertainty of less than ±2%. The experimental results demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a in the solid phase showed a positive temperature dependence. For HFC-32 and HFC-125, there were big jumps between the solid and the liquid thermal conductivity at the melting point. But for HFC-134a, the solid and liquid thermal conductivity at the melting point is almost-continuous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022509310134
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity, thermal conductivity, and surface tension of high-temperature melts (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 11 (1990), S. 417-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: high-temperature melts ; liquid metals ; liquid semiconductors ; molten salts ; surface tension ; thermal conductivity ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High-temperature melts are substances which are solids at room temperature and liquids at high temperatures. They include liquid metals, molten salts, and other melts such as molten semiconductor materials. Although they show scientifically interesting behavior and have industrially important characteristics, the thermophysical properties of these substances at high temperature are not sufficiently known due to experimental difficulties. Many melts show strong chemical activity and therefore are corrosive to materials of container and sensors. Applicable sensors are limited also because of the high temperature and the electrical conductivity of melts. In this paper the present status of available data for the viscosity, the thermal conductivity, and the surface tension of high-temperature melts is reviewed. Limited experimental information is available and these properties are difficult to predict theoretically. The transport properties are important for predicting heat transfer and flow patterns. For the prediction of the behavior of melts under microgravity condition, the temperature dependence of the surface tension plays a major role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01133571
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of transport properties of high-temperature fluids (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 12 (1991), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: alkali metals ; high temperature ; molten salts ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High-temperature fluids often show interesting behavior and have important industrial applications, however, their thermophysical properties are extremely difficult to measure. Sometimes there are no measuring methods available, despite the fact that the great industrial demand for data on these property data at high temperatures is intense in recent years. In the present paper, five examples of approaches to measure transport properties of high temperature fluids are described. They include measurements of the viscosity of high-temperature melts by the oscillating-cup method, of the viscosity of vapors of H2O and D2O by the capillary method, of the thermal conductivity of molten salts by the transient hot-wire method, and of the thermal diffusivity by the optical method and of the thermal conductivity of high temperature gases by the shocktube method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00506118
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