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  • acidic deposition  (1)
  • soil chemistry  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of watershed liming on the soil chemistry of Woods Lake, New York (1996)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 32 (1996), S. 175-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: acid mitigation ; exchangeable chemistry ; soil acidity ; soil chemistry ; watershed liming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The effects of watershed liming on the exchange complex of a forest soil were investigated at Woods Lake, in the west-central Adirondack Park, New York. Attempts to neutralize lake acidity via direct application of calcite during the 1980"s were short-lived due to a short hydraulic retention time. The Experimental Watershed Liming Study (EWLS) was initiated to investigate watershed base addition as a potentially more long-term strategy for mitigation of lake acidity. In this paper we discuss the changes in the exchangeable soil complex which occurred in response to the calcite addition and attempt a mass balance for calcite applied to the watershed. An extensive sampling program was initiated for the watershed study. Soil samples were collected from pits prior to and in the two years following treatment to evaluate changes in soil chemistry. Calcite addition significantly altered the exchange complex in the organic horizon. Increases in pH caused deprotonation of soil organic matter and increases in cation exchange capacity, providing additional exchange sites for the retention of added calcium. Exchangeable acidity decreased to very low values, allowing the base saturation of upper organic horizons to increase to nearly 100 percent. Post-treatment sampling found that approximately 48 percent of the calcite remained undissolved in the soil"s Oe horizon two years later. Dissolution of the calcite was affected by field moisture conditions, with greater dissolution in wetter areas of the watershed. Mass balances calculated for calcium applied to the watershed suggest that only 4 percent of the calcium was removed through the lake outlet. Approximately 96 percent of the calcium applied remained within the watershed; as undissolved calcite, on soil exchange sites or stored in the vegetation, groundwater or surface waters of the watershed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02187138
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between surface water chemistry and geology in the North Branch of the Moose River (1987)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 3 (1987), S. 21-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: acidic deposition ; surficial geology ; flow paths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The chemistry of lakes and streams within the North Branch of the Moose River is strongly correlated with the nature and distrubution of geologic materials in the watershed. The dominance of thin glacial till and granitic gneiss bedrock in the region north and east of Big Moose Lake results in a geologically sensitive terrain that is characterized by surface water with low alkalinity and chemical compositions only slightly modified from ambient precipitation. In contrast, extensive deposits of thick glacial till and stratified drift in the lower part of the system (e.g. Moss-Cascade valley) allow for much infiltration of precipitation to the groundwater system where weathering reactions increase alkalinity and significantly alter water chemistry. The hypothesis that surficial geology controls the chemistry of surface waters in the Adirondacks holds true for 70 percent of the Moose River watershed. Exceptions include the Windfall Pond subcatchment which is predominantly covered by thin till, yet has a high surface water alkalinity due to the presence of carbonate-bearing bedrock. The rapid reaction rates of carbonate minerals allow for complete acid neutralization to occur despite the short residence time of water moving through the system. Another important source of alkalinity in at least one of the subcatchments is sulfate reduction. This process appears to be most important in systems containing extensive peat deposits. An analysis of only those subcatchments controlled by the thickness of surficial sediments indicates that under current atmospheric loadings watersheds containing less than 3 percent thick surficial sediments will be acidic while those with up to 12 percent will be extremely sensitive to acidification and only those with over 50 percent will have a low sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185183
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